Scat mota - mitundu yodziwika bwino, gawo la mtsinje wa stingray banja. Dzinalo lojambulidwa ndi ocellated stingray. Amakhala mumitsinje yaku South America: Amazon, Parana, Orinoco ndi mitsinje yawo. Ndi chinthu chosodza kwambiri ndipo ndichosangalatsa kwa akatswiri am'madzi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kutalika konse kwa malo otsetsereka osapitilira mita 1. Diskiyo, yopangidwa kuchokera kuzipsepse za pectoral, ili pafupifupi kuzungulira, m'lifupi mwake imafika 0,5 m. Chokhacho chokhacho ndi maso omwe adakwezedwa pamwamba kumbuyo, kumbuyo kwake kuli spjaculate - mabowo otungira madzi m'mitsinje.
Gawo lakumtunda la disc limakhala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso wotuwa. Mawanga ambiri achikasu-lalanje ozunguliridwa ndi mphete zakuda amafalikira kumbuyo kwa monochromatic. Mtundu, malo ndi kukula kwa mawanga ndizosiyana, zimasiyana ndi nsomba, momwe zimakhalira zimadalira mtundu wa nthaka, zina zakomwe anthu amakhala.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe amtundu wa imvi-bulauni, skat motoro kujambulidwa nthawi zambiri amtundu wa malalanje owala, a buluu, amiyala ya mabulo. Tsopano pali mitundu yomwe simachitika m'chilengedwe. Amapezeka chifukwa cha kuyesa kosankhidwa.
Mbali yakumunsi, yamkati mwa thupi ndiyopepuka, pafupifupi yoyera. Pamlomo pake pamakhala pakamwa, yokhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono, mphuno ndi ma gill. Palibe zipsepse kumbuyo ndi mchira.
Mchira wa motoro ndi wamfupi komanso wokulirapo kuposa ma stingray ena amtsinje. Munga wakupha uli kumtunda kwake. Chaka chilichonse, nthawi zina pafupipafupi, chimasweka ndipo chatsopano chimayamba kukula m'malo mwake.
Pa muzu wa munga muli tiziwalo timene timatulutsa poizoni. Pamodzi ndi minga pali mabowo omwe poyizoni amafalikira. Munga sakhala wokonzeka nthawi zonse kuchitapo kanthu. Nthawi zambiri, amabisala mchikwangwani cha mchira.
Zoyipa zakugonana zimapezeka pokhapokha mukawonedwa kuchokera pansi. Pafupi ndi zipsepse zamphongo mwa amuna pali zotuluka, ziwalo zoberekera, zomwe mkazi amalowetsamo. Mwa ana stingray, ziwalozi ndizochepa koma zimasiyanitsidwa.
Mitundu
Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa koyambirira kuchokera kuzitsanzo zomwe adapeza katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Austria a Johann Natterer pakati pa 1828 ndi 1829 mumtsinje wa Cuiaba, kumtunda kwa Parana-Paraguay, komanso mumtsinje wa Guaporé, womwe umadutsa kwambiri Mtsinje wa Madeira ku Amazon.
Pambuyo pake, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo adalongosola mobwerezabwereza kuwala kwa madzi, komwe kunalandira mayina osiyanasiyana. Onsewo anali ocellated stingray. Mitunduyi idakhalabe yodzikongoletsa, yopanda subspecies, koma idalandila mawu ofanana:
- Taeniura motoro, tsiku lolowera mu chilengedwe cha 1841
- Trygon garrapa - 1843
- Trygon mulleri - 1855
- Potamotrygon circularis - 1913
- Potamotrygon laticeps - 1913
- Paratrygon laticeps - 1913
- Potamotrygon pauckei - 1963
- Potamotrygon alba - 1963
- Potamotrygon labradori - 1963
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mtsinje wofala kwambiri wotchedwa stingray wokhala m'chigwa cha mitsinje ingapo, wokhala ma biotopes ambiri ndi scat mota. Leopoldi (Potamotrygon leopoldi), mtundu wofanana wa stingray, umapezeka. Amangokhala mumtsinje wa Xingu. Asayansi sanapeze chifukwa chokhalira ndi vuto linalake kapena kupezeka kwake mu nsomba zokhudzana ndi moyo womwewo.
Mbalame yotchedwa stingray imakonda mchenga, madzi osaya, mitsinje. M'madera otere, gawoli limalimbikitsa moyo wachinsinsi komanso kufunafuna chakudya. Pakati pa kusefukira kwamadzi, stingray imalowa m'nkhalango zodzaza madzi. Pambuyo pobwerera m'madzi osefukira, imadzipatula m'matope akulu ndikupanga nyanja.
Kusunga njinga yamoto stingray kunyumba anakhala chizolowezi chotchuka. Ma Aquariums akhala malo okakamizidwa. Madzi amadzi apambana bwino ndi udindo wa ziweto. Mwinanso sukulu yanthawi yayitali m'madzi otsekedwa idathandizidwa.
A aquarium lalikulu chofunika kusunga motoro stingray kunyumba.
Zakudya zabwino
Stingray motoro wolusa. Gawo lalikulu la zakudya zawo ndi mafupa opanda mafupa, kuphatikizapo nyongolotsi ndi nkhanu. Nsomba zosasamala zimakhudzidwanso ndi stingray. Ma stingray opopera ndi nsomba yogwira. Ali ndi kagayidwe kake kagayidwe kabwino. Chifukwa chake, amakhala nthawi yawo yambiri akupeza chakudya.
Mu 2016, Proceedings of the Royal Society, imodzi mwamagazini yotsogola yasayansi yaku Britain, idasindikiza zotsatira za kafukufukuyu. Akatswiri a zamoyo apeza zipolopolo za tizilombo toyamwa m'mimba mwa ma stingray. Ma stingray adayikidwa m'madzi am'madzi ndikudyetsa chakudya chofewa ndi ma molluscs mu zipolopolo za chitinous.
Njirayi idayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito makamera apakanema. Zidapezeka kuti ma stingray osungunuka amayenda kutafuna: amasuntha chakudya ndichipolopolo cholimba kuchokera pakona ina pakamwa kupita kwina, kuwononga kulimba kolimba ndi mano awo. Pomwe zakudya zofewa zimamezedwa ndi stingray nthawi yomweyo. Motoro ndiye nsomba yokhayo yomwe inkatha kutafuna.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Zomwe zili mu stingray mota m'nyanja zam'madzi mumatha kuwona momwe nsomba zapaderazi zimasinthana. Amakhwima ali ndi zaka za 3-4, pomwe diski yayandikira 40 cm.
Ma stingray amakhala osankhana kwambiri za anzawo amtsogolo, chifukwa chake maanja omwe samva "chisoni" sawonjezeranso. Pambuyo pokondana, pakatha miyezi itatu, ma stingray achangu amatha.
Ocellated stingray - nsomba yonyamula, ana ake m'mimba, ndiye kuti, viviparous. Mazirawo amalumikizidwa kwa mayiyo ndi ulusi wopanda kanthu womwe chakudya chimayenderera - histotroph. Monga mwachangu, mazira oyeserera amakhala ndi ma yolk sac. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi atabadwa.
Osapitilira 8 mwachangu amabadwa m'ngalande imodzi. Awa ndi nsomba, disc yomwe ili pafupifupi 10 cm m'mimba mwake. Nsombazo zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale ndi moyo. Zotsalira za zomwe zili mu yolk sac zikatha, amayamba kufunafuna ndikudya chakudya. Ma stingray osakhwima samakula mwachangu: amakhala akulu pokhapokha zaka 3-4. Mpaka zaka 15, ayesa kubereka mtundu wawo.
Mtengo
Nsomba zachilendo zaku South America zimawoneka pafupipafupi m'misika yamagulu ndi m'misika ya nkhuku. Ngakhale zili choncho stingray mtengo galimoto chofunikira, nsomba ndizofunikira. Amamupempha 5-8,000 ruble, kutengera zaka (kukula).
Kuphatikiza pa kukongoletsa, ma stingray okhala ndi khungu amakhala ndi katundu wina wa ogula: nyama yake ndiyofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Aborigine amagwira ma stingray am'madzi ndi mkondo ndikusodza ndi mtundu wa mbedza.
Kuti mubereke ma stingray mumadzi otentha, muyenera kusankha chachikazi chokulirapo kuposa chachimuna kukula kwake
Zakudya za nsomba zochokera ku mbola za mumtsinje ndizofala m'malesitilanti aku Brazil. Nzika zaku kontinenti ya Eurasia pakadali pano zakhutira ndi chakudya chochokera kumazira ozizira, oundana ndi zamzitini. Ma stalkers amtsinje, kuphatikiza magalimoto, adzawoneka posachedwa m'malesitilanti komanso m'malo ogulitsira nsomba.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Motoro stingray mu aquarium Si zachilendo. Nsomba yokongola iyi ili ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe sichiyenera kuiwalika - munga wakupha. Nsomba si yaukali. Amagwiritsa ntchito chida chake podzitchinjiriza. Chingwe chakuthwa, chosungunuka chomwe chimatha kuboola magolovesi oteteza.
Pamwamba paminga pamakhala khungu lopyapyala lomwe limaphimba mizere yodzaza ndi poizoni. Pakukhudzidwa, poizoni amatulutsidwa ndikulowa pachilonda. Vutoli la Stingray ndi poizoni wovuta yemwe amawononga dongosolo lamanjenje ndikusokoneza kayendedwe ka mtima.
Imfa yakuphwanya kwa stingray yooneka ngati khungu sikudzachitika, koma kukhudzika kotsimikizika kumatsimikizika. Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta za jakisoni, bala limatsukidwa, kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pambuyo pake muyenera kulankhulana ndi chipatala.
Kodi skat motoro imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? munyanja yamchere zimatengera momwe amasamalirira. Malo osungira madzi ambiri amafunika kuti pakhale moyo wabwino. Choyimira chimodzi chaching'ono chimatha kukhala ndi malo okhala 300-lita. Pama nsomba awiri kapena atatu azaka zapakati, pakufunika malita 700.
Ma stingray amapanga zinyalala zambiri. Njira yowyeretsera ndiyofunikira kuti nsomba zisungidwe. Kutentha kumasungidwa mu 25-30 ° C, kuuma kwa madzi - mpaka 15 ° dGh, pH - pafupifupi 7 pH.
Madzi amapangidwanso pafupipafupi ndi 1/3. Mchenga wolimba kapena timiyala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi. M'sitimayo sayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zokongoletsera zokhala ndi zotupa zakuthwa.
Ma stingray amawadyetsa kawiri patsiku. Ma stingray ndi nyama zolusa, momwe mungadyetse stingray motoro palibe mafunso omwe amabuka: nsomba zimadya chakudya chokha cha mapuloteni. Ikhoza kukhala nyongolotsi zamoyo, ma virus a magazi kapena tubifex, zidutswa za nsomba, mamazelo, nkhanu ndi zoyenera, nsomba za minced zimadyedwa mosangalala. Chakudya youma zikhoza kugulidwa kwa stingray. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotsimikizira kuti mukudya bwino.
Ma stingray amafulumira kuzolowera mtundu umodzi wa chakudya. Ngati mumakonda ma cellworms ndi tubifex, simungakakamize stingray yozungulira kuti idye, mwachitsanzo, nsomba yosungunuka kapena chakudya chouma. A Aquarists apeza njira yothetsera vutoli.
Stingray imadyetsedwa kwambiri ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chokwanira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi makulidwe a mchira m'munsi. Stingray yodyedwa imasamutsidwa kumadya ndi njala. Mtundu watsopano wa chakudya umaperekedwa m'masiku ochepa. Ma stingray okakamizidwa amakakamizidwa kuvomereza kusintha kwa zakudya.
Akasunga cheza zingapo, am'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito zizoloŵezi za nsomba zowononga kuti apange mtundu watsopano wa chakudya. Chakudyacho chimaperekedwa ku cheza chimodzi. Amayamba kuphunzira zachilendo. Nthawi zonse pamakhala munthu wokonda kudya yemwe amalanda chakudya.
M'madzi omwewo okhala ndi stingray, nsomba zazikulu zosachita nkhanza zimatha kusungidwa: ma discus, ma mile, angwe akambuku ndi ena. Kuphatikiza kulikonse kwa nsomba ndizotheka, bola ngati zofunika zamadzi ndizofanana.
Payenera kukhala khola pafupi ndi aquarium yomwe ili ndi cheza cha achikulire. Ma stingray nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta kuphatikiza. Nsomba zomwe sizinapeze kumvana zitha kuvulazana. Poterepa, munthu yemwe wakhudzidwa kwambiri amayikidwa.
Kuswana
Kuswana stingray motoro - njira yomwe imafuna kuleza mtima. Kukhalapo kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi sikutanthauza kuti padzabadwa mwana. Vuto ndiloti akazi amatha kupatula amuna omwe "sakonda". Zifukwa zakusowa kapena kupezeka kwakubwezerananso mu nsomba sizikudziwika.
Akatswiri opanga ma stingray odziwika bwino amatulutsa ma stingray ambiri mumtambo umodzi waukulu. Kenako mapangidwe awiriawiri amawoneka. Koma njirayi ndi yowononga nthawi ndipo siyoyenera ogwiritsa ntchito wamba.
Njira yopezeka mosavuta ndikuphatikiza wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Ngati awiriwa sawonjezerapo, izi zimawonekera chifukwa cha nsomba, yamphongoyo imachotsedwa. Patapita nthawi (masiku 5-10), njirayi imabwerezedwa. Njirayi imabweretsa kupambana.
