Pansi pa Nyanja Yakuda pali mgodi wamafuta. Chifukwa cha madontho akuya, madzi amadzaza ndi hydrogen sulfide. Makamaka ambiri ake pansipa 150 mita. Palibe pafupifupi anthu okhala kupitirira izi.
Chifukwa chake, nsomba zambiri za ku Black Sea zimakhala m'madzi kapena pafupi ndi madzi. Pali mitundu yochepa yocheperako. Monga ulamuliro, iwo kuboola mu mchenga wa pansi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Carp yam'nyanja
A Crucian samangokhala m'madzi amadzi oyera. Ku Black Sea, oimira banja la spar "amalanda" madera ambiri. M'mbuyomu, opachika pamtanda amapezeka makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuchokera ku Adler kupita ku Anapa. Pali nsomba zochepa pafupi ndi magombe. Nyanja Adler ndi otentha.
Kutentha kwamadzi komwe kumakhala madigiri 3-4. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, ma carp a crucian agwidwa kunja kwa madzi. Pali mitundu 13. Asanu ndi awiri a iwo akudutsa, amasambira kuwoloka Bosphorus. Pumulani mitundu ya nsomba ku Black Sea kungokhala.
Nthawi zambiri kuchokera kwa asodzi mutha kumva dzina lachiwiri la carp - laskir
Dzina lachiwiri la nyanja carp ndi laskir. Nsombazi zikufanana ndi madzi amchere. Thupi lanyama ndilolowerera ndipo pambuyo pake limapanikizika ndikokulidwa ndi sikelo. Pali mbale ngakhale pamasaya ndi m'mitsempha mwa nsombazo. Ali ndi kamwa kakang'ono. Kutalika, ophera pamadzi nthawi zambiri samadutsa masentimita 33. Mu Nyanja Yakuda, anthu nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'masentimita 11-15.
Njira yosavuta yosiyanitsira mitundu ya carp yam'nyanja ndi mtundu. Pa dzino laling'ono lasiliva, pali kusintha kosavuta kwa mikwingwirima yakuda komanso yopepuka. Pali 11 kapena 13 mwa iwo.
Mu chithunzi nyanja carp zubarik
Sarg yoyera ili ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa, pali 9. Mitengoyi ili ndi mizere 3-4 pathupi ndipo ndi yagolide.
Sarga ndi mtundu wina wam'madzi am'madzi
Nsomba ya makerele
Ndi za banja la mackerel, dongosolo lofanana ndi nsomba. Usodzi mu Nyanja Yakuda zikukulira. Chifukwa chokhazikika mwangozi mosungira madzi a Mnemiopsis, mitundu yodyetsa nyama ya mackerel imazimiririka. Kunja, jellyfish yofanana ndi chisa ya jellyfish imadyetsa plankton.
Ma Crustaceans ndi chakudya choyambirira cha anchovy ndi sprat. Nsombazi zimakonda kudya nsomba za mackerel. Zimapezeka kuti chifukwa cha mafuta osakanikirana osakanikirana, nsomba zazikulu zamalonda zimafa ndi njala.
Mackerel amadziwika chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Nsomba zimakhala ndi nyama yamafuta yodzaza ndi Omega-3 ndi Omega-6 zidulo. Pamodzi ndi maubwino, kugwira Nyanja Yakuda kumatha kuvulaza. Mackerel amasonkhanitsa mercury m'thupi lake.
Komabe, izi ndizofanana ndi nsomba zambiri zam'madzi. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri azakudya amalangiza kusinthana mitundu yam'madzi ndi madzi amchere muzakudya zanu. Zomalizazi zimakhala ndi mercury yocheperako.
Katran
Shaki yaying'ono yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1 mpaka 2 mita ndikulemera kwa 8 mpaka 25 kilogalamu. Minyewa yodzala ndi ntchofu imakula pafupi ndi zipsepse ziwiri zopindika za katran. Chigoba chawo ndi chakupha, monga singano zina. Steve Irwin adamwalira ndi poyizoni womaliza. Mlenje wodziwika bwino wa ng'ona anali ndi mapulogalamu angapo apawailesi yakanema.
Poizoni wa Katran siowopsa ngati ma stingray ena. Kubaya kwa singano ya shark kumabweretsa kutupa kowawa kwa dera lomwe lakhudzidwa, koma sikuwopseza.
Mtundu wa katran ndi wotuwa mdima wokhala ndi mimba yopepuka. Pali malo owoneka oyera pambali mwa nsombazo. Anthu ake nawonso ali pachiwopsezo. Mackerel, katran amadyetsa anchvy, omwe amafa chifukwa chakulamulira kwa nyanja ndi Mnemiopsis.
Zowona, kulinso ma mackerel pamahatchi a shark, chifukwa chake nsomba za shark "zimayandama." Nsomba zimasambira, panjira, mozama. Mutha kuwona katran kunyanja pokhapokha munthawi yopanda nyengo.
Katran ndiye nsomba yekhayo wochokera kubanja la shark ku Black Sea
Opopera
Ma stingray amawerengedwa ngati nsomba za lamellar cartilaginous. Pali mitundu iwiri ya iwo ku Black Sea. Chofala kwambiri chimatchedwa nkhandwe. Nsombayi ili ndi thupi lonunkhira komanso mchira, nyama yosasangalatsa. Kumbali inayi, amayamikira chiwindi cha nkhandwe zam'nyanja. Ochiritsa mabala amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo.
Nkhandwe zambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi Anapa. Muthanso kupeza stingray pamenepo. Dzina lina ndi mphaka wamadzi. Ichi ndi mtundu wina wa stingray ophera ku Nyanja Yakuda. Mosiyana ndi nkhandwe zofiirira, ndizopepuka, pafupifupi zoyera.
Palibe minga pamthupi la nsombayo, koma singano kumchira imakula mpaka masentimita 35. Mamina a m'mbali mwake ndi owopsa, koma siowopsa, monganso momwe zimakhalira ndikutuluka kwa thupi la katran.
Mphaka wam'madzi ndi mtundu wa ovoviviparous. Nsomba zakupha za Nyanja Yakuda osayika mazira, koma awanyamule m'mimba mwawo. Pamalo omwewo, makanda amaswa kuchokera ku makapisozi. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuyamba kwa ntchito ndi kubadwa kwa nyama.
Mphaka wam'nyanja kapena nkhandwe
Hering'i
Nsombayo imasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lokhalitsa lopanikizika pang'ono kuchokera mbali ndi chiwonetsero cha pectoral-keel. Kumbuyo kwake kwa chinyama kuli ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, ndipo pamimba pake pamakhala siliva waimvi. Nsombazo zimafika mainchesi 52 m'litali, koma akulu akulu samapitilira 33.
Ng'ombe yayikulu kwambiri imapezeka ku Kerch Bay of the Black Sea. Amawedza komweko kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi. Pambuyo hering'i amapita ku Nyanja ya Azov.
Sungani
Kachibale kakang'ono ka hering'i. Dzina lapakati ndi sprat. Pali chisokonezo m'malingaliro a anthu wamba, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa malingaliro pakati pa akatswiri a ichthyologists ndi asodzi. Kwa omaliza, sprat ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.
Itha kukhala herring yokha, koma yaying'ono. Kwa ichthyologists, sprat ndi nsomba zamtundu wa sprattus. Oimira ake samakula kuposa masentimita 17 ndipo amakhala zaka zoposa 6. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 4 motsutsana ndi 10 za hering'i.
Sprat amakhala mozama mpaka mamita 200. Mu Nyanja Yakuda, chifukwa chakhutitsa kwa madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide, nsomba zimangokhala mita 150.
Nsomba za Sprat
Mullet
Zimatanthauza mullet. Mitundu itatu yakomweko imakhala ku Black Sea: ostronos, singil ndi millet. Yoyamba imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphuno yopapatiza yokutidwa ndi masikelo. Simapezeka kokha m'mphuno zamkati. Mu Singil, mbale zimayambira kumbuyo, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kuli chubu chimodzi. Mphuno yosongoka ili ndi ngalande ziwiri pamiyeso yakumbuyo.
Loban ndiye woyimira wamba komanso wodziwika bwino wa mullet ku Black Sea. Nsombayo ili ndi mutu wotukutira kutsogolo. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitunduyo. Mwa ma mullet, oimira ake ndi akulu kwambiri, amakula mwachangu, chifukwa chake ndiofunikira pamalonda.
Pofika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, mullet wa milozo watambasula masentimita 56-60, wolemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 2.5. Nthawi zina, nsomba zimagwidwa masentimita 90 kutalika ndikulemera 3 kilos.
Gurnard
Dzina lake ndiye yankho la funsoli nsomba zamtundu wanji mu Nyanja Yakuda zodabwitsa. Kunja, chinyama chimafanana ndi mbalame kapena gulugufe. Zipsepse zakutsogolo za tambala ndi zazikulu komanso zokongola, ngati za nkhanga kapena gulugufe. Mutu wa nsombayo ndi wawukulu, ndipo mchira ndi wopapatiza ndi timbalame tating'ono tokhala ndi mphanda. Atambala atapindika amafanana ndi nkhanu.
Mtundu wofiira wa nsombayo umasewera mokomera kuyanjana. Komabe, njerwa zofiira zimalumikizananso ndi tambala weniweni.
Thupi la tambala wam'nyanja limakhala ndi mafupa ochepa, ndipo nyama imafanana ndi mtundu wa sturgeon ndi kukoma. Chifukwa chake, nsomba sizinangokhala chinthu chosiririka, komanso nsomba. Monga mwalamulo, tambala amagwidwa ndi nyambo yomwe imatumizidwa kwa mbalame zam'madzi ndi kusambira mozama chimodzimodzi.
Wophunzira nyenyezi
Zili m'ndondomeko yaziphuphu, zimakhala pansi, sizigwira ntchito. Wobisika, wamatsenga samawerengera nyenyezi, koma amadikirira nkhanu ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Ichi ndiye nyama ya chilombo.
Amakola nyama yake ngati nyongolotsi. Iyi ndiyo njira yomwe stargazer amatulutsa mkamwa mwake. Pakamwa pake pamutu waukulu komanso wokulirapo. Nsombazi zimalowera kumchira.
Stargazer imatha kukhala mpaka masentimita 45 kutalika ndikulemera magalamu 300-400. Nthawi zoopsa, nyama imaboola mumchenga wapansi. Amagwiritsanso ntchito ngati chobisalira posaka. Kotero kuti mchenga usagwere mkamwa, adasunthira kuchokera kwa openda nyenyeziwo mpaka m'maso momwe.
Pipefish
Ikuwoneka ngati nyanja yowongoka, ndiyonso ya dongosolo la singano. Mmawonekedwe ake, nsomba imafanana ndi pensulo yokhala ndi m'mbali 6. Makulidwe a nyama amafanananso ndi kukula kwa chida cholembera.
Singano - Black Sea nsomba, ngati kuti akuyamwa nyama yaying'ono mkamwa mwawo. Mulibe mano mmenemo, chifukwa palibe chifukwa chogwirira ndi kutafuna nsomba. Kwenikweni, singano imadyetsa plankton. Apanso funso limabuka pakudya ma crustaceans a Mnemiopsis. Singanoyo singalimbane ndi mpikisano wapa chakudya naye.
Milamba yam'nyanja zamchere
Ndi a banja la chinkhanira. Banja ili limaphatikizaponso kunyanja kwam'madzi. Pamiyendo ya zipsepse, nsombayo, monga katran kapena mphaka wam'nyanja, imanyamula poyizoni. Amapangidwa ndimatenda apadera. Chifuwacho ndi cholimba, koma sichimupha, nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa kutupa ndi kutupa kwa ziwalo zowonongeka.
Pakati pa chithunzi cha nsomba za ku Black Sea nsomba akhoza kuperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Padziko lapansi pali 110. zoyera ndi miyala ndizofanana m'mawonekedwe am'madzi amchere. Chifukwa chake nsombazo zidatchulidwa chimodzimodzi, ngakhale zilibe ubale. Nyanja Yakuda ndizosiyana. Nsombazi zimakhudzana ndi mitundu yamadzi amchere. Dzina lachiwiri la nsomba za Black Sea ndi smarida.
Kutalika kwa smarid sikudutsa masentimita 20. Kuchepa kwa wamkulu ndi masentimita 10. Chinyama chili ndi zakudya zosakanikirana, chimadya zonse za algae ndi crustaceans, mphutsi. Mtundu wa nsomba umadalira kwambiri chakudya.
Ma Nyanja Yakuda, monga mapiri amtsinje, ali ndi mikwingwirima yowonekera pathupi. Atagwidwa, amatha. M'mapiko wamba, mikwingwirima imakhalabe mlengalenga.
Zipsepse zam'madzi ndizolimba kwambiri ndi poyizoni kunsonga
Nsomba
Nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono mpaka masentimita 5 kutalika. Chinyama chili ndi matupi akulu akutsogolo, mutu. Galu pang'onopang'ono amagundira kumchira, ngati eel. Kumbuyo kuli chikhomo cholimba. Koma, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa nsomba ndi zina ndikutuluka kwanthambi pamwambapa.
Mtundu wa galu wam'nyanja ndi wofiirira. Nsomba zomwe zimakhala ku Black Sea, sungani zonse m'madzi osaya komanso pansi mpaka 20 mita. Agalu amasungidwa m'matumba, obisala pakati pamiyala ndi zingwe zamiyala yapansi pamadzi.
Mullet wofiira
Nsomba zofiira ndi zoyera zolemera pafupifupi magalamu 150 mpaka 30 sentimita kutalika. Nyama imakhala m'madzi osaya ndi pansi pamchenga. Apo ayi, nsombayo imatchedwa sultanka wamba. Dzinali limalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wamfumu yofiira mullet. Mtundu wake uli ngati chovala cha wolamulira wakummawa.
Monga mullet, mullet wofiira amakhala ndi thupi lomwelo lopindika, lopindika ngati oval lopindika kuchokera mbali. Mukumva kuwawa, sultan amakhala wokutidwa ndi malo ofiira. Izi zidadziwika ngakhale ndi Aroma akale, omwe adayamba kuphika mullet wofiira pamaso pa omwe amadya.
Omwe anali patebulopo samangokonda kudya nyama yokoma ya nsomba, komanso kusilira mtundu wake.
Fulonda
Nsomba zamalonda ku Black Sea, Amakonda kuya kwa mita 100. Maonekedwe achilengedwe a nyama amadziwika ndi aliyense. Idzibisa pansi, chowotcha chimapanga mitundu yonse ya utoto wonyezimira ndi mbali yakumtunda ya thupi. Pansi pa nsombayo alibe luso limeneli.
Mtsinje wa Black Sea umakonda kugona kumanzere. Anthu akumanja ndiosiyana ndi lamuloli, monga anthu amanzere pakati pa anthu.
Mwa njira, anthu amakonda kudya nyama ndi 100% mapuloteni osungika, vitamini B-12, A ndi D, Omega-3 acid, ndi phosphorous salt. Cholengedwa chokhazikika chokhala ndi ma aphrodisiacs chomwe chimalimbikitsa chidwi. Mwa nsomba, ndi ochepa okha omwe ali ndi zinthu zofananira.
Nyanja
Apo ayi amatchedwa nkhwani nsomba. Zilibe kanthu kochita ndi madzi amchere. Dzinalo lodziwika bwino limaperekedwa kwa chinyamacho chifukwa chofanana ndi mitsinje. Nsomba za Black Sea zimadzazidwanso ndi zipsepse zothwanima. Kapangidwe ka singano zawo ndi kofanana ndi kapangidwe ka mano a njoka. Singano iliyonse imakhala ndi mabowo awiri operekera poizoni kunjaku. Chifukwa chake, kusodza nsomba zam'madzi ndizowopsa.
Nsombazi zimakhala pansi mpaka pansi kufika mamita 50. Mabala okhwima amapezeka apa. Kufanizira ndi njoka kumadziwonetsanso. Nsombazo zimatulutsa khungu lake, ndikuchotsa ndere ndi tiziromboti tomwe tamera pamenepo. Molt munyanja zam'madzi ndimwezi uliwonse.
Greenfinch
Pali mitundu 8 ya greenfinches mu Black Sea. Nsomba zonse ndizochepa, zonyezimira. Mtundu umodzi umatchedwa ulusi. Nsomba iyi imadya. Zina zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo ya chilombo chachikulu. Greenfinches ndi mafupa. Nyama yanyama imanunkha ngati matope ndipo imathirira madzi.
Gubana amawonetsedwa pamanema ambiri omwe abwera kuyambira nthawi ya Roma wakale. Kumeneko, tiyi wobiriwira wokoma ankaphika pamaphwando amadzulo limodzi ndi mullet wofiira.
Ngakhale mtundu wowala, wachikondwerero, malo obiriwira omwe ali ndi mphutsi zaudzu ndi owopsa. Nyama zimawonetsa mano awo akuthwa, zikuthamangira olakwira, ngati agalu unyolo. Pankhondo, greenfinches, makamaka amuna, amalola ma jets amadzi akuweyula, akugwedeza zipsepse zawo, kumenya pamphumi pawo, mchira ndi kutulutsa mfuwu wapadera wankhondo, womwe siwofanana ndi nsomba.
Nyanja Yakuda gobies
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 10 ya gobies ku Black Sea, yayikuluyo amatchedwa matabwa ozungulira. Mosiyana ndi dzinalo, nsombayo imakhala yolumikizidwa, yopanikizika kuchokera mbali. Mtundu wa matabwa ozungulira ndi wofiirira mu chidutswa chofiirira. Kutalika, chinyama chimafika masentimita 20, chimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 180.
Matabwa ozungulira amasankha kuya mpaka mita zisanu. Sandpiper goby akhazikika pano. Itha kukhalanso m'mitsinje. Mu Black Sea, nsomba zimasungidwa pafupi ndi magombe ndi mitsinje ikulowerera mkati mwake. Kuno madzi amangokhala amchere pang'ono. Sandpiper adasankhidwa chifukwa cha utoto wake wamtundu ndi njira yolowera pansi pamchenga.
Chovalacho, mosiyana ndi sandpiper, chimapezeka pansi ndi miyala. Nsombayi ili ndi mawu ofewa pamwamba ndi mlomo wapamwamba wotupa. Nsagwada zikutuluka pansi. Chovalacho chimadziwikanso ndi chikho chofananira.
Palinso therere goby mu Black Sea. Ali ndi mutu wopanikizika pambuyo pake komanso thupi lokhazikika. Nyama yayikulu yakumbuyo ya nyama imalumikizidwa kumchira. Nsombazo zimadzozedwa modzaza ndi ntchofu, koma chinsinsi chake si chakupha. Ngakhale ana amatha kugwira ng'ombe ndi manja awo. Achinyamata amakonda kusaka nsomba zobisika m'madzi osaya, amazembera ndikuphimba ndi manja awo.
Pachithunzicho, goby Sea Black
Nsomba zamipeni
Mu Nyanja Yakuda, zimachitika mosiyana, ndikusambira m'madzi ena. Mphuno yamphamvu ya nsombayo ili ngati lupanga. Koma chinyama sichimaboola ozunzidwayo ndi chida chake, koma chimamenya backhand.
Mphuno zafishfish zidapezeka zikulowa zombo zamitengo ya thundu. Singano za nzika zakuya zidalowa nkhuni ngati batala. Pali zitsanzo za mphuno yafishfish ya 60cm yolowera pansi pa bwato.
Sturgeon
Oimira ali ndi chichereĊµechereĊµe m'malo mwa mafupa ndipo alibe mamba. Umu ndi momwe nsomba zamakedzana zimawonekera, popeza ma sturgeon ndi nyama zotsalira. Mu Nyanja Yakuda, oimira banja ndizodabwitsa kwakanthawi. Kudutsa m'madzi amchere, mbalamezi zimapita kukasambira m'mitsinje.
Nyanja Yakuda imatchedwa Russian. Anthu akulemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 100 adagwidwa. Komabe, nsomba zambiri zam'nyanja Yakuda sizipitilira makilogalamu 20.
Pelamida
Ndilo banja la mackerel, limakula mpaka masentimita 85, limakhala lolemera makilogalamu 7. Nsomba zodziwika ndizotalika masentimita 50 ndipo siziposa ma kilogalamu anayi.
Bonito akufika ku Nyanja Yakuda kuchokera ku Atlantic kukadzaza. Madzi ofunda a posungira ndi abwino kuyikira mazira ndikulera ana.
Mackerel, bonito ali ndi nyama yothira mafuta komanso yokoma. Nsombazi zimawerengedwa ngati nsomba zamalonda. Bonnet imagwidwa pafupi pamtunda. Apa ndipomwe oyimira mitunduyo amadyetsa. Bonito sakonda kupita kuzama.
Chinjoka Cham'madzi
Kunja ofanana ndi gobies, koma owopsa. Minga pamutu komanso pambali ndi yoopsa. Pamwamba pake amafanana ndi korona. Monga olamulira ankhanza, chinjoka chimaluma osafunika. Kukumana ndi nsomba kumatha kubweretsa ziwalo. Pankhaniyi, munthuyo akumva ululu.
Nthawi zambiri asodzi amavutika ndi zisonga zanjoka. Wamoyo wakupha panyanja amalowa muukonde, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo nyama ziyenera kutulutsidwa. Sizingatheke nthawi zonse kuchita izi mosamala.
Zonsezi, mitundu 160 ya nsomba imakhala kapena kusambira kudzera mu Black Sea. Pafupifupi 15 mwa iwo ndi ofunika pamalonda. Pazaka 40 zapitazi, nsomba zambiri zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi gombe zasunthira pansi.
Akatswiri a zamoyo akuwona chifukwa chake kuwonongeka kwa madzi osaya ndi othamanga, feteleza ochokera kuminda. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja amalima mwachangu ndi mabwato osangalatsa ndi maboti osodza.
