Mankhwala amakono amalemba matenda ambiri a parasitic, omwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'ziwalo zaumunthu. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zopanga zovuta ndizogwiritsa ntchito nsomba zosaphika bwino.
Chifukwa chachiwiri ndichofunikira ngati kukonzekera nsomba sikukutsatira matekinoloje olondola. Okonda nsomba yaiwisi amakhala odwala pafupipafupi ndikumaliza kwa matenda opatsirana.
Helminth yayikulu pakati pa trematode ndi metacercarium... Ili mkati mwa nsomba, nkhanu, ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi gulu la ziphuphu. Helminths yamtunduwu imalowa mkatikati mwa nsomba.
Zowopsa kwambiri ndizomwe zimalowa m'maso ndi m'maganizo mwa nsomba. Komanso, nyongolotsi zimakhazikika m'madzi am'madzi. Amakafika kumeneko kuchokera mosungiramo, kuyenda limodzi ndi nkhono. Si zachilendo kuti nsomba zilowe m'nyumba yabwino ndi chakudya ndikuwononga mwakhama zamoyo zathanzi.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala metacercaria
Opisthorchis metacercariae zili munthawi ya minofu ya carp. Kwa cecariae (mphutsi), nsomba zimakhala pakati. Mmenemo, cecariae imakula kukhala metacercarium. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda satha kupatsirana kuchokera ku nsomba imodzi kupita kwina, pokhala mphutsi.
N'zotheka kutenga kachilombo ka helminths kokha ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akuluakulu. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti nyanja ya crucian carp, minnow, river barbel, yonyowa m'malo mwake imadzipangitsa kuti atenge matenda.
Nthawi zambiri, nyongolotsi zimapezeka m'maso, zimakhudza:
- magalasi amaso;
- matupi vitreous;
- malo amkati amaso.
Pali magulu anayi omwe amaphatikiza mitundu khumi ndi itatu ya zotupa m'maso ndi mandala. Metacercariae ndi owopsa chifukwa amalimbana ndi chilengedwe. Sachita mantha ndi kutentha pang'ono.
Metacercariae mu nsomba
Pokhapo kuzizira mankhwalawo mpaka - 40 ° C kwa maola 7, mphutsi zimatha. Ngati achisanu ndi -35 ° C, cecarii amataya mphamvu pambuyo pamaola 14 ozizira.
Nsomba yozizira koopsa pa -28 ° C imatenga maola 32 kuti ichotse tizilomboto. Koma madigiri apamwamba, majeremusi amawonetsa chidwi mwachangu. Pambuyo podzipatula ku nsomba, amafa pakadutsa 5-10 mphindi + 55 ° C.
Mwa kukulitsa metacercariae wa ma trematode, khalani ndi mawonekedwe:
- mibadwo ina;
- sintha eni.
Molluscs, nsomba, tizilombo timakhala ngati matupi a trematode. Mtundu wa helminth uwu umakhalanso ndi wowonjezera wowonjezera. Koma mu 80% ya milandu, panthawi yachitukuko, amatha kuchita popanda iye.
Mibadwo imasinthasintha pakachulukitsa majeremusi osati mu mphutsi zokha, komanso mphutsi. Mphutsi zimapatsa moyo m'badwo wina wa cecarii, womwe pamapeto pake umadzakhala munthu wamkulu.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa metacercaria
Metacercariae amasiyana ndi ma helminths ena am'kalasi mwawo ochepa. Thupi la helminth lili ndi makapu awiri oyamwa:
1. m'mimba;
2. pakamwa.
Nyongolotsi zimawononga mamina am'mimbamo, kuyamwa michere, potero imagwira ntchito yofunikira. Chikho chokoka ndi chiyambi chazakudya. Kumbuyo kwa thupi kuli ndi njira yotulutsira chakudya chomwe chidakonzedwa.
Kulowa m'mitsempha ya nsomba, nyongolotsi sizichulukana. Pokhala m'dera lino, alibe mwayi wodyetsa ndikukula. Akuyembekezera nthawi yomwe nsomba zodyedwa zidzadyedwe. Munthawi yonseyi, tizilombo timabisala mkati mwa kapisozi, kamene kamapangidwa ndi minofu yamafuta ya nsomba.
Metarcercariae amakonda kutulutsa zinthu zakupha zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa ma lobes akuluakulu. Nsomba zimakhala zofooka, zili pamwamba pamadzi, chifukwa zimakumana ndi mpweya wosakwanira.
Nsomba zimalowa muukonde wa asodzi, kapena zimakhala zovuta za mbalame, agalu, amphaka. Mutatha kudya nsomba yodwala, ma helminths amaukira thupi la mwini womaliza, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa chitukuko cha matendawa clonorchis metacercaria.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasokoneza nsomba zomwe zimakhala nawo. Amakhala wopanda nkhawa, wokhudzidwa ndi matenda a bakiteriya, omwe amatsogolera kumapeto kwa zowola. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zokongoletsera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi metarcercariae ndi 50% kapena kupitilira apo.
Chakudya cha metacercaria
Metarcercariae amakhala mkati mwa zinyama, zomata zolimba ndi makapu oyamwa, okhala ndi matumbo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa minofu ya omwe amawakhudza kapena zomwe zili m'matumbo mwake. Ngati nyongolotsi zilowa m'mitsuko ya nsomba, sizidyetsa konse. Ntchito yawo ndikupatsira nsomba ndi matenda kuti awonongeke ndi womaliza.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo cha metacercaria
Mkati mwa nsomba yamoyo metacercariae wa opisthorchiasis ndi nthawi yayitali. Makulidwe awo amatha zaka 5 mpaka 8. Zolowera m'thupi la womaliza, tiziromboti timadziwika ndi kusasitsa kwathunthu, komwe nyongolotsiyo imakhala yaitali masentimita 0.2 mpaka 1.3, mpaka mainchesi 0.4.
Ngati munthu ali ngati mwiniwake, nyongolotsi zimakhala mu ndulu yake, timadontho tomwe timapanga kapamba, komanso timitsempha ta chiwindi. Ma metacercariae amaikira mazira, omwe amalowa m'chilengedwe pamodzi ndi ndowe zomwe zatulutsidwa.
Kupitilira apo, kukula kwa tizilomboto kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kulowa mollusk kulowa pakati. Pambuyo polowa mu carp nsomba, ma helminths ambiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi chotupa chowulungika kapena chozungulira, momwe mkati mwake mphutsi imatsalira.
Ngati metacercariae imadziwika msanga, ndikuchotsa kolakwika m'thupi la mwini womaliza, matenda angapo amakwiya. Sichitha m'thupi popanda chithandizo cha mankhwala mpaka zaka 10-20.
