Pakati pa odula mitengo pali m'modzi mwa akulu kwambiri komanso amanyazi oimira abale aku Europe, owoneka ngati nthenga zake woponda nkhuni wobiriwira.
Zoti ali m'nkhalango zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuyimba kwake mokweza komanso maenje akuluakulu mumitengo, yomwe mbalameyi imakung'udza ndi mlomo wake. Kuti tipeze maenje otere, milomo iyenera kukhala yolimba komanso yolimba mokwanira.
Kumlingo wokulirapo woponda nkhuni wobiriwira amakonda kuyimba m'nkhalango nthawi yamasika. Tonse takhala tikudziwa kale kulira kwa mbalamezi. Koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti mothandizidwa ndi kugogoda uku amalumikizana. Phokoso laogogodagogodagogoda limachulukirachulukira nthawi yakumasirana.
Mverani mawu a wodula mitengo wobiriwira
Pofuna kuti phokoso likhale lomveka bwino, odula mitengo amamenya nthambi zowuma za mitengo ndi milomo yawo yolimba. Milomo yomweyi imathandiza mbalame kupeza chakudya chawo m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe imakhala pansi kwambiri chifukwa cha chipale chofewa.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala wobisalira wobiriwira
Wokolola wobiriwira ndi wa banja la nkhwangwa komanso dongosolo la opangira nkhuni. Zokhudza - malongosoledwe a wopondereza wobiriwira, ndiye mbalameyo imafika kutalika kwa 25-35 cm, kulemera kwake kumakhala pakati pa 150 mpaka 250 g ndi mapiko a 40-45 cm.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mbalame ndi mtundu wa nthenga, zonse ndimayendedwe obiriwira. Pamwamba pake pamakhala azitona kwambiri, ndipo mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndiyobiriwira mopepuka. Pamwamba pamutu komanso kumbuyo kwa mutu wa mbalameyo, nthenga zofiira, zofananira ndi chipewa, zikuwoneka bwino.
Nthenga kumbuyo mozungulira mlomo ndi maso ndi akuda wakuda. Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wotuwa, ndipo utoto wake umakhala wachikasu. Iris wamaso ndi oyera chikasu. Pansi pake panali nthenga zofananira ndi masharubu.
Ndi mtundu wawo, mutha kusiyanitsa woponda nkhuni wobiriwira kuyambira champhongo. Akazi ali ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, pomwe amuna amakhala ndi utoto wakuda wosungunuka ndi kufiyira. Wogwiritsira ntchito matabwa ali ndi zala zinayi, ziwiri zomwe zimayendetsedwa kutsogolo ndi ziwiri kumbuyo. Amathandiza kuti mbalameyo ikhale chilili mumtengo. Pankhaniyi, mchira wa nkhalango wobiriwira, wopangidwa ndi nthenga zolimba, umakhala inshuwaransi.
Yatsani chithunzi wobiriwira wokonda matabwa kuphatikiza ndi chithunzi chonse cha nkhalango. Chipewa chake chofiiracho chokha chimaonekera, chomwe ndi chowala komanso chodabwitsa. Chifukwa cha kapu iyi ndi pomwe mbalameyi imadziwika ndi mitundu yobiriwira ya m'nkhalangoyi.
Kumadzulo kwa kontinenti ya Eurasia, Northern Iran, Transcaucasia, Turkey, Scandinavia, Scotland ndi malo omwe mbalameyi imapezeka. Aliponso ku Russia ndi Ukraine. Zilumba zina za m'nyanja ya Mediterranean, Macaronesia ndi Ireland ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri nkhalango zobiriwira.
Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala m'mapaki, m'minda komanso m'nkhalango zowirira. Nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zosakanizika sizabwino kwenikweni. Mitengo yamitengo yobiriwira imakhala yabwino kwambiri m'malo otseguka, m'nkhalango za alder, nkhalango za oak, m'malire a nkhalango.
Ma Coppices, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi zilumba zazing'ono zam'mapiri ndi malo omwe mbalamezi zimapezekanso nthawi zambiri. Chofunikira kwambiri kwa wopalasa wobiriwira akamapanga mazira ndikupezeka kwa nyerere zazikulu, chifukwa nyerere ndizomwe amakonda kwambiri Asami.
Mitengo yamitengo yobiriwira imagwira ntchito kwambiri nthawi yakumasirana. Izi nthawi zonse zimakhala kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu. Ndi nthawi yomwe mumamva nthawi zambiri mawu a nkhwangwa wobiriwira, Pamodzi ndi kufuula kwake kwakanthawi komanso maulendo apandege. Ndi mbalame yongokhala. Ngati angakakamizike kusamuka, ndi mtunda waufupi kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhalango wobiriwira
Mutha kulingalira za mbalamezi chaka chonse. Amakonda kukhala pamitengo yayitali kwambiri m'mapaki, koma mutha kumuwonanso m'mitengo yambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, odulira mitengo obiriwira amatha kuyenda m'malo otseguka.
Mbalamezi sizimakhala nthawi yonse mumtengo. Nthawi zambiri, amagwera pansi kuti akafufuze m'nkhalango ndikudzipangira chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, amathyola mosavuta zitsa zovunda ndikuwononga nyerere zazikulu zomwe zili ndi cholinga chomwecho, kuti adzipezere chakudya.
Mbalameyi ndi yamanyazi komanso yosamala, choncho zimakhala zosatheka kuiwona pafupi. Zimangomveka, nthawi zambiri nthawi yachaka. Amakonda kukhala ndi moyo wobisika, makamaka makanda akakhala pachisa.
Mitengo yamitengo yobiriwira imadumphadumpha ndikuuluka. Olima matabwa obiriwira amakonda kukhala moyo wawokha. Amapanga maanja okhaokha nthawi yokhwima komanso kukhwima kwa ana awo.
Mbalame zimamanga zisa zawo pamitengo yakale, ndikukhala mmenemo kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati akufuna kusintha malo awo okhala, chisa chatsopanocho sichinapitirire mita 500 kuchokera pa chakale.
Nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi kuti omanga matabwa amange nyumba. Dzenje la mbalameyi limawoneka kutalika kwa 2 mpaka 12 mita mu msondodzi, buluu, popula, birch ndi beech. Mbalame zimauluka m'mafunde, zikumatambasula mapiko awo zikamanyamuka.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yofunika ya anthu omwe amadula nkhalango ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kumachepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake woponda nkhuni wobiriwira Olembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.
Kudya wokonda mitengo wobiriwira
Pofuna kupeza chakudya chawo, opangira matabwa obiriwira amabwera pansi, chifukwa amasiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo. Amakonda nyerere ndi zilonda zawo.
Pofuna kuchotsa zokomazi, amathandizidwa ndi lilime lalitali komanso masentimita 10, lomwe lakula kwambiri. Amakonda kwambiri nyerere zofiira. Kuphatikiza pa nyerere, nyongolotsi, tizirombo tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Wokonda wobiriwira wobiriwira amatulutsa chakudya chake pansi pa chisanu. Ngati sapeza chilichonse, samakana kudya zipatso, mwachitsanzo, rowan. Nthawi zina wogwetsa matabwa amatha kudya nkhono ngakhale chokwawa chaching'ono. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe mbalamezi zimasakira nyerere.
Amawononga nyerere pamalo amodzi ndikudikirira kuti anthu omwe akuda nkhawa awonekere kumtunda. Akangowonekera, lilime lalitali la mbalame limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limakopa nyama. Akakhuta, mbalameyo imachotsedwa, koma nthawi imapita ndipo imabwerera pamalo omwewo kukabwereza chakudya chake. Mitengo yamitengo yobiriwira imakonda chakudya.
Pofuna kudyetsa anapiye awo, makolo samapezeka pachisa pafupipafupi. Amadzipezera chakudya pachotupa, chomwe pang'onopang'ono amachiperekanso kwa ana. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, chisa chawo chimawoneka kuti sichikhalamo.
Kuberekana ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wa the woodpecker wobiriwira
Ndizosangalatsa kuwona mbalamezi nthawi yamasiku, pomwe awiriawiri amapangidwa. Pakufika masika m'nkhalango, mutha kumva phokoso lalikulu mawu a the woodpecker wobiriwira... Chifukwa chake, amayesa kukopa chidwi cha akazi omwe amawakonda.
Kuimba kumachitika mu Marichi-Epulo. Mkaziyo, yemwe ali ndi chidwi, nayenso amayamba kuimba nyimbo zake poyankha. Pakubisa mayina, banjali limayenda pang'onopang'ono kuti liyandikire pafupi.
Akakumana, amakhala pa nthambi moyandikana ndipo amayamba kugwirana ndi milomo yawo. Kuchokera panja, kumpsompsona mbalame koteroko kumawoneka kokoma komanso kosangalatsa. Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti mbalame anapanga awiri. Gawo lotsatira la okonda awiri ndikupeza nyumba ya iwo ndi ana amtsogolo. Zimachitika kuti mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mwayi ndipo sizipeza chisa chakale chomwe wina wasiyidwa.
Ngati izi sizingachitike, champhongo chimasamalira chisa cha banja. Amamanga chisa Wokonza matabwa wobiriwira ndi changu chachikulu. Zimatenga nthawi yambiri. Nthawi zina mkazi amamuthandiza pa izi, koma monyinyirika kwambiri.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti mothandizidwa ndi mulomo wake, yamphongo imatha kukukula chisa chakuya masentimita 50. Mkati mwa nyumba ya nkhwangwa wobiriwirayo pamakutidwa ndi fumbi. Chisa chikakonzeka pakati pa nkhalango zobiriwira, mphindi yofunika kwambiri imabwera - kuyikira mazira. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zidutswa 5 mpaka 7. Ndi zoyera.
Onse aamuna ndi aakazi amatengapo gawo pakuswetsapo ana. Amasintha wina ndi mnzake maola awiri aliwonse. Pambuyo pa masiku 14, anapiye amaliseche ndi opanda thandizo amabadwa. Kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira za moyo wawo, akuwonetsa njala ndipo amafunikira chakudya.
Ntchito ya makolo tsopano kudyetsa ana. Izi, nazonso, zachitika limodzi. Makolo amasinthana kudyetsa ana awo, ndipo ana nawonso amakula msanga kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, anapiyewo amasiya chisa chawo, amakhala pa nthambi ndikuwunika zomwe zakhala zikuwazungulira, zomwe ndi zatsopano kwa iwo okha. Nthawi yomweyo, amayamba kukwera mapiko ndikupanga ndege zoyambirira zochepa kwambiri. Mbadwo wachinyamata wa obzala mitengo yobiriwira amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wozungulira pakhosi ndi pachifuwa.
Anawo akafika masiku 25, amasiya chisa, komabe amakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Pambuyo pake, banja la omata obiriwira limasweka ndipo aliyense wa iwo amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, wosagwirizana, womwe nthawi yayitali ili pafupifupi zaka 7.
