Ophika buledi ndi nyama zodabwitsa. Kunja, amafanana kwambiri ndi nkhumba, chifukwa chake, mpaka pano amawerengedwa motero, koma tsopano amagawidwa ngati nyama zosachita rumiant artiodactyl mammals.
Komabe, ndizotheka kuti akatswiri azamoyo adzaganiziranso momwe amagwirira ntchito, popeza ophika nkhumba makamaka, amafanana kwambiri ndi zowetchera.
Zimavomerezedwa kuti ophika mkate ndi achikhalidwe ku New World, koma sizili choncho. Zotsalira za makolo awo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ku Western Europe, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mu Dziko Lakale nyama zodabwitsa izi zinafa kapena zimafanana ndi nkhumba zakutchire.
Zochitika za Peccary ndi malo okhala
Chithunzi cha ophika nkhumba- ndi nyama za telegenic. Akawona munthu wokhala ndi kamera ya kanema kapena mandala azithunzi, amayang'anitsitsa, amasiya, kufunsa wopanga kanema.
Zolengedwa zodabwitsa izi zimakhala ku kontrakitala yaku America, zimatha kupezeka m'malo osungidwa kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States, ku South America m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific, kumadzulo kwa Argentina, ku Ecuador komanso pafupifupi kulikonse ku Mexico. Ophika buledi amakhala osadzichepetsa nyengo ndipo amakhala omnivorous, ndichifukwa chake malo awo amakhala otakata kwambiri.
Masiku ano, mitundu inayi ya nkhumba zakutchire izi zimadziwika ndi anthu, ndipo ziwiri mwa izo zinapezedwanso m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, pokonzanso madera a nkhalango zamvula komanso madera a savanna, ndipo izi zisanachitike.
Lero asayansi akudziwa ophika nkhumba zakutchire mitundu iyi:
- Kolala.
Awa ndi ophika mkate okha omwe amakhala ku United States. Kupadera kwa mitunduyi ndikuti ma gland apadera azitsamba zowonjezera amakhala pa gawo la sacral kumbuyo kwa nyama zazikulu.
Nkhumba zopangidwa ndimtundu zimakhala m'magulu a anthu 5-15, ndizochezeka kwambiri, zolumikizana kwambiri komanso ochezeka. Ali ndi "kolala" yoyera kapena yachikaso, chifukwa chake adadziwika ndi dzina.
Amakonda kudya kwambiri, amakonda kudya bowa, zipatso, anyezi, nyemba zobiriwira ndipo, oddly mokwanira, cacti. Komabe, ndi omnivores ndipo sadzadutsa nyama zakufa - mitembo ya achule kapena njoka, mitembo yovunda ya nyama zazikulu kapena zisa zokhala ndi mazira. Amakula mpaka theka la mita atafota komanso mpaka kutalika mita, ndikulemera kwapakati pa 20-25 kg.
Pachithunzicho pali kolala lophika mkate wa nkhumba
- Ndevu zoyera.
Amakhala makamaka ku Mexico, nyama zazikulu, zamphamvu, zopangidwa m'magulu mpaka mitu mazana. Iwo ali ndi dzina lawo chifukwa cha kuwala kowala pansi pa nsagwada zakumunsi.
Ng'ombezo zimangoyendayenda, sizikhala masiku opitilira atatu, ngakhale m'malo oyenera kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti, ngakhale ophika mikate yoyera ndi omnivorous, amakonda kudya nyama yovunda, yomwe amafunafuna.
Pachithunzicho pali ophika nkhumba okhala ndi ndevu zoyera
- Chakskie kapena, monga amatchulidwanso, ophika mkate a Wagner.
Nyama izi zidalembedwa mu Red Book. Kwa nthawi yayitali akuti anali atatha, anafotokozedwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo ochokera ku zinthu zakale zomwe zapezeka ku Western Europe. Ndipo adapezedwanso amoyo mu 1975 pomwe amayika chingwe ku Paraguay.
Mitunduyi ndi yovuta kuyang'anira ndi kuiphunzira, popeza malo ake ndi nkhalango ya Gran Chaco, ndiye kuti, gawo lamamwali lachilengedwe lomwe limakhudza zigawo zitatu - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay.
Zowonera zazikulu za ophika mkatezi zimachitika m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowuma komanso nkhalango, ndipo, pakadali pano, akatswiri azanyama azindikira kuti nyama izi zimakonda kudya minga ndipo zimakhala zamanyazi kwambiri, zimakonda kubisala kumbuyo kwa miyala kapena malo ena obisalamo, akangodziwa kumbuyo kwawo kupenyerera.
Kujambula ndi nkhumba yophika buledi waku Czech
- Gigantius, kapena wamkulu.
Mtundu uwu sunaphunzirepo konse. Idapezekanso mwangozi mu 2000, ndikuwonongedwa kwa nkhalango ku Brazil. Zakale zakufa zofananira ndi ophika zikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimakumbidwa ku Europe, koma sizikudziwika ngati zotsalazo ndi nyama zomwe zapezeka ndizomwezi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa ophika buledi
Kwenikweni, zonse zokhudzana ndi nyamazi, monga mawonekedwe, kufotokozera kwa ophika nkhumba zakutchire, yotengedwa kuchokera pakuwona za moyo wa nkhumba za kolala m'malo osungira ku United States.
Ophika buledi amakonda moyo wamadzulo ndi usiku, amamva bwino komanso amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Amakhala ochezeka, amakhala m'gulu la ziweto, ndipo ali ndi olamulira okhwima kwambiri.
Kukula kwa mtsogoleriyo sikutsutsidwa, monganso ufulu wake wololeza akazi. Ngati aliyense wamwamuna wasankha kukayikira zikhalidwe za mtsogoleri wa gululo, ndiye kuti palibe kulimbana kapena kulimbana komwe kudzachitike. Yaimuna yokayikirayo imangochoka n'kutola gulu lake.
Pankhani yamakhalidwe, ophika buledi akhala akuwoneka ngati nyama zamanyazi. Komabe, mkatikati mwa zaka makumi awiri, panali mafashoni osungira nyama zakutchire ngati ziweto.
Ndipo zomwe amakonda kwambiri zinali zachilendo, zinali bwino. Chizolowezi ichi chawononga nthano yakuopa kwa ophika buledi, kulola kunena kuti nkhumba zakutchirezi ndizochezeka, mwamtendere komanso chidwi kwambiri.
Masiku ano, nyama izi zimapezeka m'malo osungira nyama ambiri, momwe zimakondera ndipo, ngati si nyenyezi, zimakonda alendo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ophika mkate muma circus angapo aku Canada, momwe maphunziro ndi zisudzo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo "yayikulu kwambiri".
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa ophika mkate
Ophika mkate alibe nthawi yeniyeni yokwatirana. Kugonana pakati pa akazi ndi mtsogoleri wa ziweto kumachitika chimodzimodzi ndi anthu - nthawi iliyonse.
Ngati mkaziyo atenga pakati, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe ake osakhwima amatha masiku 145 mpaka 150. Amakonda kuberekera ophika mkate pamalo obisika kapena muboo, koma nthawi zonse ali yekha.
Nthawi zambiri kamwana ka nkhumba kamabadwa, kawirikawiri kwambiri. Ana amafika pamapazi awo tsiku lachiwiri la moyo wawo, ndipo izi zikangochitika, amabwerera ndi amayi awo kwa abale awo ena onse.
Ophika mkate amakhala mosiyanasiyana, m'malo abwino - kusapezeka kwa adani achilengedwe, zakudya zokwanira komanso thanzi labwino - mpaka zaka 25. Komabe, osati kalekale ku zoo zaku Thai, boar wa wophika mkate adakondwerera tsiku lake lobadwa la 30, pomwe anali athanzi.
Pachithunzichi, ophika nkhumba ndi ana
Malingana ndi zomwe akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama ndi akatswiri a zachilengedwe ananena, wophika nkhumba kumwera kwa amerika kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zaka 20, akumwalira pafupifupi 15-17. Kaya izi zachitika chifukwa cha zosiyanasiyana kapena pazifukwa zina, asayansi sanadziwebe.
Zakudya za ophika buledi
Ophika buledi amakonda kudya kwambiri, kuwayang'ana, mutha kuwona kuti amangokhalira kutafuna kena kake, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawotchera thukuta panthawi yosamukira, akupita, monga anthu. Nyama izi ndizopatsa chidwi - zimatha kudya udzu, kudya mphukira, kudya bowa, kapena kuthamangitsa miimba ndikudya nyama yakufa.
Izi zokonda zosiyanasiyana zophikira zimachitika chifukwa cha m'mimba ndi mano. Mimba ya ophika nkhumba zakutchire ili ndi magawo atatu, oyamba omwe amapangidwanso mwachilengedwe ndi matumba awiri "akhungu".
Ndipo pakamwa pa nyama iliyonse pamakhala mano 38, okhala ndi mano akumbuyo otukuka bwino, akupera chakudya ndipo ali ndi mayini amphona atatu amaso kutsogolo, mofanana ndendende ndi nyama iliyonse yodya nyama.
Akatswiri ambiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti kamodzi ophika buledi samangokhutira ndi zinyama ndi msipu, komanso amasakidwa. Tsopano, mano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokha poteteza adani achilengedwe - mapampu ndi nyamazi, komanso nyama zowola zazikulu.
Kufotokozera mwachidule nkhani za izi, zosadziwika kwa anthu, nyama zodabwitsa, muyenera kutchula mbiriyakale ya dzinalo - ophika nkhumba, bwanji adatchedwa choncho zosasangalatsa kuposa iwowo.
Pamene apainiya aku Europe adasanthula kontinenti yaku America, adakumana ndi gulu lachi India "Tupi", omwe mbadwa zawo zikukhalabe ku Brazil kwamakono.
Atawona patali gulu lanyama zachilendo, Apwitikizi adayamba kuwaloza, akufuula "Nkhumba, nkhumba zamtchire", ndipo Amwenyewo adatenga mawu omwe amamveka kumakutu aku Europe, ngati "Bakers".
Patapita nthawi, zidadziwika kuti "ophika buledi" sanali mawu amodzi, koma angapo, ndipo mawuwa amamasuliridwa kuti "chirombo chomwe chimapanga njira zambiri zamnkhalango", zomwe ndi zokongola modabwitsa komanso zimafotokoza bwino nkhumba za ophika mkate.
