Chombochi, Grebe, komanso kuthawira pansi - ndi mayina angati a banja lonse la mbalame zam'madzi, zomwe pakali pano zili ndi mitundu 19! M'masiku akale, nthenga zawo zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "ubweya", ndipo kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kunali pafupi kutha. Mwamwayi, nthawi zachiwawa zadutsa ndipo tsopano palibe chomwe chikuwopseza ziphuphu. Mbalameyi inkatchedwa kuti toadstool pazifukwa zina.
Chimbudzi pakati pa mbalame chomwe chidafafanizidwapo ndi anthu chimasiyanitsidwa ndi nyama yake yosakoma, yomwe imanunkhiza kwambiri nsomba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamadye grebe. Masiku ano, mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi chopondera chachikulu... Mbalameyi idalandiranso dzina loti kudumphira m'madzi (chifukwa chokhoza kulowa m'madzi kwambiri).
Pachithunzicho, mbalameyi ndi chopondera chachikulu
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Ziphuphu ndi mbalame zowala zokhala ndi milomo yayitali, yakuthwa komanso thupi lokoma. Khosi lawo, bere ndi mimba zawo ndi zoyera, kumbuyo ndi kofiirira, ndipo mbali zake ndi zofiira. Chodabwitsa, kugonana kwa mbalame sikumakhudza nthenga zake ndipo kunja kwake amuna ndi akazi ofanana. Anapiyewo ndi akuda kwambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azidzibisa bwino bango, momwe ma Grebes nthawi zambiri amabisa ana awo.
Mbalame zazing'ono sizimadziwika komanso zotuwa mpaka nthawi yoyamba kukwerana, nthawi yomwe nthenga zawo zimamasula. Ziphuphu zimakhala zovuta pamtunda chifukwa cha miyendo yawo, yomwe imabwereranso mwamphamvu, kotero imayenda movutikira kwambiri. Komabe, izi zimawapangitsa kukhala osambira kwambiri.
Pachithunzichi tchuthi chofiira cha khosi lofiira
Banja la Pogankov ladzipangira lokha mbalame zosiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, grebe yayikulu yolemera imalemera 1.5 kg, ndipo kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumatha kupikisana ndi kutalika kwa bakha - mpaka masentimita 51. Nthawi yomweyo grebe yaying'ono ndi mbalame, chodabwitsa chochepa, chifukwa kulemera kwake sikupitilira magalamu 150.
Malo okhala Chomga ndi Central Europe, Asia, South America, madera ena a Africa ndi Australia ndi New Zealand. Ma dive amagwira ntchito mosasamala nthawi yanji. Izi ndi mbalame zokhazokha ndipo zimasonkhana m'magulu pokhapokha munthawi zisa kapena nyengo yozizira.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Chotsegula mbalame, chithunzi omwe ojambula amakonda kuchita zochuluka kwambiri, ndi mbalame zam'madzi ndipo zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Nyanja zamchere, madambo, maiwe - awa ndi malo omwe amakonda.
Pachithunzicho, mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri
Anthu osambira pamadzi amakonda kukhazikika m'malo omwe gombe ladzala ndi bango kapena zomera zina zilizonse zowirira. Ziphuphu zimakonda nyengo yozizira kumwera, ngati chilimwe zimakhala kumpoto, chifukwa chake pamadzi ndi mbalame zosamuka. Kuti apange chisa, Chomgi amabwerera kufupi ndi kumpoto kumapeto kwa Okutobala ndipo kokha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira amayesetsa kuchoka pamalo obisalapo ndikuuluka chakumwera.
Pakati paulendo, a Grebes amatsatira mitsinje ikuluikulu. Amakhala okha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono opitilira 7-8, osakhala awiriawiri. Liwu la grebe ndi laphokoso, lowala, komanso laukali. Amapanga kulira kwaphokoso: "krooo", komanso "kuek-kuek".
Mverani mawu a chimbudzi
Sizachidziwikire kuti mbalameyi idatchulidwanso kuti kusambira, chifukwa imasambira ndikumira bwino kwambiri. Mukamadyetsa, mphiniyo imadumphira pansi kwa masekondi 30-40, komabe, zikawopsa, imatha kukhala mphindi zitatu pansi pamadzi.
Amayenda m'madzi kokha mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yake. Itha kunyamuka kokha pamadzi ndikunyamuka kwakukulu, imawuluka mwachangu komanso molunjika. Moyo wonse wa chimbudzi umachitika pamadzi, kapena pothawa. Pamtunda, mbalame iliyonse yolembedwa ndi zododometsa ndizovuta kwambiri, imadumphadumpha komanso movutikira kwambiri.
Chakudya
Ziphuphu zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu: ena amadyetsa nsomba, omaliza amakonda ma arthropods. Mitundu yayikulu ya ziphuphu amadya nsomba, mwachitsanzo, yayikulu toadstool, mbalame ngati grebe pang'ono, imasankha nkhanu kapena nkhono, komanso tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo. Ziphuphu zazikulu zimatha kumeza nsomba mpaka 20-25 cm m'litali. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba ndi nyamakazi, ma grebes amakonda kudya nkhono zam'madzi, achule, ndi nkhono.
Mwa tizilombo, agulugufe, nsikidzi, agulugufe, komanso kafadala amakonda. Mbalame yakunyumba yakunyumba sichinyoza zomera, miyala, ngakhale nthenga zake. Nthenga za crested grebe zimangodyedwa kuti ziteteze m'mimba ku mafupa akuthwa a nsomba. Nthenga zikuphimba mafupa ndi zakudya zina zosagaya chakudya, ndipo mbalameyo imabwezeretsanso kunja chonse ngati mabala.
Pofunafuna chakudya, kumiza m'madzi kumiza kwathunthu m'madzi kuti mufufuze pansi. Zamoyo zodabwitsa izi zimatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi mita 25! Pansi pamadzi, kutsetsereka kumayenda mwachangu kwambiri kuposa pamadzi, chifukwa chake sizovuta kuti mbalame isambe pansi pamadzi mamitala angapo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ziphuphu zimapanga awiriawiri omwe amakhala amodzi okhaokha. Kuvina kosakanikirana kwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya toadstools ndi kovuta komanso kodabwitsa. Okondedwawo amasuntha mofananamo ndipo mayendedwe awo ali ngati gule weniweni. Mitundu ina imasinthanitsa udzu wam'madzi pambuyo pa mwambo woterewu, pomwe ina imamaliza kuvina ndikumiza m'madzi.
Mbalame zimaphatikizana m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikusankha malo oti adzagwiritse ntchito m'tsogolo ndikuzisamalira bwino. Komabe, mitundu ina ya zimbudzi zimamanga pafupi ndi nkhono ndi abakha ndipo zimayenda bwino pafupi nawo. M'madera oterewa, agalu ndi abakha amathandiza kwambiri ma grebes, kuwachenjeza za adani omwe akubwera.
Kujambula ndi chisa cha tozi
Chidole cham'madzi ngakhale chisa chimayandama. Onjezerani chisa cha grebe chololedwa kubango kapena zomera zina zoyenera izi. Kukula kwake kwa chisa kumatha kukhala mpaka 50 cm ndi kupitilira apo.Zinyalala zachikazi zimatha kuyikira mazira 7, omwe, kutengera mtundu wa mbalame, amatha kukhala oyera, achikasu kapena abuluu.
Mazira a mbalame ndi ochepa ndipo, koposa zonse, amakhala pafupifupi 5% ya kulemera kwa mbalame yayikulu. Mitundu yaying'ono ya Grebes imakhala ndi nthawi yolumikizana mpaka katatu, yayikulu pamitanda iwiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imodzi. Zimatenga masiku 30 kuti mazira azime. Chimbudzi chikachoka pachisa, chimachiphimba ndi zomera, zomwe zimabisa chisa kwa adani.
Akaswa, anapiyewo amabisala pamsana pa mayi ndipo amasiya wamkazi kumaliza kumaliza. Yaimuna imakhalanso ndi mwayi wodyetsa anapiye omwe aswedwa kale. Anapiye amakhala kumbuyo kwa makolo awo mpaka masiku 80, mpaka nthawi yomwe mwana wankhuku amakhala wodziimira payekha kwa makolo.
Amakonzekera kumenyera chakudya ndipo nthawi zambiri sikuti anapiye onse amapulumuka. Pafupifupi theka la anapiye aswedwa amamwalira patadutsa masiku 20-30 atabadwa. Kutalika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya grebe ndikosiyana ndipo, kutengera kukula ndi malo okhala, zimasiyana zaka 10 mpaka 30.
