Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Thupi la nkhono Musuzi wa mbidzi Ili mkati mozama mozama, yomwe imateteza ku zipsinjo zakunja. Chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi mavavu awiri ofanana, monga bivalve ina iliyonse.
"Nyumba" ya mollusk ikakula imafika masentimita 4-5 m'litali ndi masentimita atatu m'lifupi. Nthawi yomweyo, utoto umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana - kuyambira wachikaso chobiriwira mpaka buluu ndi mithunzi yobiriwira. Makolokosi ambiri amapezeka m'madzi amchere, ngakhale dzina lawo lathunthu m'malo ambiri limapezeka ngati "Mtsinje wa Dreissena«.
Anthu ambiri amapezeka ku Azov ndi Black Sea, ndipo madzi a m'nyanja za Caspian ndi Aral ali olemera ku Dreissens. Kupatula madzi amchere, nkhonozi zimatha kusintha moyo kuti zizitha kuyenda bwino, choncho zimapezeka m'madzi am'madzi a ku Eurasia.
Mu chithunzi, mtsinje wa Dreissena
Nkhono zam'madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu ngati zosefera zachilengedwe zamadzi, popeza mphalapala, atadutsa madzi mwa iwo wokha, amawatsuka ndikuwapatsa mphamvu ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandiza pakukula kwa ndere.
Chifukwa chake, panyanja wamba yanyumba, mbidzi mussel imagwira ntchito ngati zosefera komanso zokongoletsa, komanso imagwirizana bwino ndi nzika zina zonse. Yatsani chithunzi cha mussel zebra kuwoneka kokongola kozunguliridwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsa.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Dreissena - chingwe choyenda, yomwe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a moyo, pang'onopang'ono imagwira ndikukhalitsa malo okhala, kufalikira m'madzi adziko lonse lapansi. Kupatula kwawo ndi madera akumpoto, komwe kumazizira kwambiri nkhono. Mbira ya mollusk imayenda mozungulira dziko lonse lapansi, imadziphatika kumadzi am'madzi ndi zombo, ndipo phirili limachulukitsa nthawi yonse yotentha.
Kuya kwakuya kwambiri kwa nkhono ndi mita 1-2. Komabe, nsuzi za mbidzi zimapezekanso zakuya kwambiri - kuzama komwe kumalembedwa ndi 60 mita. Ndi chakudya choyenera (ngati madzi ali ndi zinthu zofunika kuzifufuza), mbidzi zimamera msanga.
Kale mchaka choyamba cha moyo, imatha kutalika kupitirira 1 sentimita, pomwe chaka chachiwiri chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka. Kukula kwakukulu kukupitilira m'moyo wonse wa nkhono. Zachidziwikire, ngati zachilengedwe zili bwino.
Wamkulu amatha kudutsa ndikusefa pafupifupi malita 10 amadzi tsiku lililonse. Nkhono zazing'ono, zomwe zimafuna chakudya chambiri kuti zikule mwachangu, zimagwiranso ntchito mwamphamvu - ndi kulemera kwa gramu imodzi, mollusk imatha kupanga pafupifupi malita 5 amadzi patsiku.
Ntchito yochulukayi imalola kuti mbidzi zambiri za mbidzi zitsuke madzi am'madzi mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati mamuna a mbidzi 1000 amakula m'madzi nthawi imodzi (ndipo zoterezi ndizofala kwambiri), tsiku limodzi amatha kumaliza pafupifupi 50 cubic metres. Mamita amadzimadzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthumwi za mitunduyi ndizokometsera zokoma kwa nsomba zambiri, nkhanu ndi nkhono zina. Chifukwa chake, posodza nsomba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito mussel ya zebra. Mphalapala wamkulu amakhala ndi moyo wosasunthika, amadziphatika pamalo aliwonse ovuta. Akachulukira pang'onopang'ono a nkhono zam'madzi, amatha kuphimba pansi ndikuyika zinthu zokulirapo.
Pofuna kukhala moyo wosangalala, mbidzi yam'madzi imalumikizidwa ndi mitengo ndi mabwato omira, mapaipi am'madzi ndi milu, motero nthawi zina zimapangitsa kuti madzi azilowa. Pafupi ndi mafakitale, malo ngati amenewa amayenera kutsukidwa pafupipafupi ndi nkhono zikuluzikulu.
Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa oimira mitunduyo kumachitika, kuchuluka kwa anthu pa 1 sq. mita imafika masauzande angapo. M'malo otere kutulutsa nsomba za mbidzi Ndi nkhani yosavuta.
Chakudya
Dreissena chipolopolo tichipeza mavavu awiri kutsekedwa mwamphamvu. Thupi la nkhono likuyimiridwa ndi zigawo ziwiri za chovalacho, pakati pake pali cilia, yomwe imayambitsa kayendedwe ka madzi. Dreissena alinso ndi mabowo awiri - kudya ndi kutulutsa madzi osasankhidwa.
Kulowetsa madzi mkati, mollusk amawasefa, amamwa micronutrients ndikuchotsa mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi. Chilichonse chomwe sichinkawoneka ngati choyenera kudya mollusk chimachotsedwa ndi zotsalira zamadzi osefedwa.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kuyeretsa m'madzi kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa kwambiri Nkhumba zam'madzi mu aquarium, koma ndi bwino kukhala ndi munthu m'modzi yekha kuti tipewe kuchuluka. Nthawi yayitali ya mbidzi mussel ndi zaka 4-5, komabe, pali ziwindi zazitali, zomwe zaka zawo zimafika zaka 7-8.
Utali wa nkhono umakhudzidwa ndimadzi abwino komanso kukhathamira kwake ndi michere yofunikira. Nkhono zokhwima pogonana zimakhala zokonzeka kuswana mkati mwa kasupe kutentha kwamadzi kukayamba kukwera. Izi zimapitilira mchilimwe chonse, mpaka koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira ndikutha, ndikuchepa kwa kutentha.
Dreissena amathira mazira angapo m'madzi nthawi imodzi. Mazirawo amaikidwa m'matumba odzaza ndi mamina a nkhono. Kenako umuna wawo wakunja umachitika, pambuyo pake mphutsi zimayamba kukula.
Mphutsiyi imasambira kwa masiku angapo mpaka itha kudzikulira yokha, kenako ikumira pang'onopang'ono. Atapeza malo oyenera moyo wamtsogolo, mphutsi zimatulutsa ntchofu (ulusi wa byssun), womwe umamangirira pamwamba, pang'onopang'ono ukuuma.
Chifukwa chake, nkhono zingapo zimatha kulumikizana pang'onopang'ono, kwinaku zikukhala moyo wabwino kwambiri wa nkhono. Nthawi zina, nkhonoyo imatha kuchoka m'deralo. Mollusk amalekanitsidwa ndi ulusi wolimba wa byssun ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakwawa pansi kufunafuna malo atsopano amoyo.
Ngati gulu lalikulu la nkhono lidyetsedwa mokwanira, kubereka kumathamanga kwambiri. Mu kiyubiki mita iliyonse yamadzi, mutha kupeza kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 100 achinyamata. Koma, musaiwale kuti nyama zazing'ono ndi mazira a mbidzi ndi chakudya cha anthu ena okhala pansi pamadzi, ndiye kuti, si onse omwe amakula mpaka zaka za mollusk wamkulu.
