Chinyama chaching'ono, chamiyendo yayitali chokhala ndi nyanga zopindika bwino komanso chisomo chapadera ndi Mbawala... Kudumpha kuchokera pamiyala kupita kumiyala ina, kugunda pansi ndi ziboda zake zowonda, zikugwirizana kwathunthu ndi lingaliro lathu la mbawala.
Mbawala yokongola
Nyamayi ndi ya mtundu wa mbawala, banja la bovid. Mwa abale ake, samasiyana kukula kwake kwakukulu - kutalika kwake ndi 60-75 cm, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mita. Kulemera kwa mbawala kumatha kukhala pakati pa 20 mpaka 33 kg.
Mitu yaimuna imakongoletsedwa ndi nyanga zomwe zimapindika ngati kanyimbo koimbira ndipo zimakhala mpaka masentimita 30. Nyangazi zimakhala ndi mphete zambiri. Zazimuna, komabe, zilibe nyanga zoterozo, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zoyamba za nyanga pafupifupi masentimita 3-5. Mbawala bwino.
Mtundu wa nyama izi ndi mchenga wabulauni. Msana ndi wakuda, mimba ndi miyendo pafupifupi zoyera. M'nyengo yozizira, utoto wake ndi wopepuka. Kumbuyo kwake, pansi pa mchira, pali malo oyera oyera, pomwe mchira womwewo ndi wakuda pamwamba.
Mu mbawala, amuna okha ndi omwe amavala nyanga
Mwa nyama zazing'ono, mikwingwirima yakuda imapezeka pakamwa, yomwe imazimiririka ndi msinkhu (kusiyana kwa utoto pakati pa wamkulu ndi nyama yaying'ono kumawoneka chithunzi cha mbawala).
Mbawala imakhala yoonda kwambiri, yayitali miyendo yokhala ndi ziboda zakuthwa. Amapangidwira malo amiyala komanso aukhondo, koma mwamtheradi sangathe kuyenda pa chipale chofewa. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamazi sizipirira pang'ono, pakakhala kusintha kwakanthawi kokakamiza (moto, kusefukira kwamadzi, chipale chofewa), mbawala imatha kufa.
Malo okhala
Pali magulu anayi a mbawala, omwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mbawala waku Turkmen amakhala ku Kazakhstan, Tajikistan ndi Turkmenistan. Subpecies aku Persia amakhala ku Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, Syria.
Nyamazi zimakhalanso ku Mongolia ndi kumpoto kwa China, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Iraq ndi Saudi Arabia, Western Pakistan ndi Georgia. M'mbuyomu Mbawala ankakhala kumwera kwa Dagestan.
Amakhala mmenemo nyama m'zipululu komanso m'zipululu, amakonda nthaka yamiyala kapena yadothi. Itha kukhalanso m'malo amchenga, koma ndizovuta kuti mbawala imayenda nawo, chifukwa chake sizachilendo kumeneko.
Minda yotere nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda zomera. Nthawi zina amapita kumapiri, koma sapezeka pamwamba pamapiri. Popeza siyingathe kuyenda mu chipale chofewa, pofika nyengo yozizira, mbawala imayenera kusamukira kumwera kuchokera kumadera akumpoto.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nyama izi ndizosamala kwambiri, zimamvera phokoso lililonse. Kuda nkhawa pang'ono, chiwonetsero chowopsa - kumthamangitsa. Ndipo mbawala imatha kuthamanga mwachangu mpaka 60 km / h. Ngati ngoziyo ingagwire mkazi modzidzimutsa, ndiye kuti sangathawe, koma m'malo mwake, amabisala m'nkhalango.
Izi ndi nyama zoweta, magulu akulu kwambiri amasonkhana nthawi yozizira. Ng'ombezo zilipo makumi khumi ndipo ngakhale mazana a anthu. Pamodzi onse amawoloka chipululu kuchokera kumalo odyera kupita kumalo enawo, mpaka 30 km patsiku.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimagwira ntchito tsiku lonse. Madzulo akagwa, kudyetsa kumaima, ndipo mbawala zimapuma. Monga bedi, amadziboolera okha mu chipale chofewa, nthawi zambiri kuchokera mbali yotsetsereka.
Nthawi zambiri, nyengo yozizira ndiyowopsa kwambiri kwa iwo, ndimvula yambiri, nyama zambiri zatsala pang'ono kufa. Sasinthidwa bwino kuti asunthire pachipale chofewa, komanso makamaka pachimake pa ayezi, ndipo sangapeze chakudya pansi pake.
Nthawi yoswana, zazikazi zimachoka pagulu kuti zibweretse ana atsopano nthawi yotentha. Popanda amayi oyembekezera, mitundu yonse ya mbawala zikuchepera, ndipo nthawi zambiri nyama zimayenda mozungulira anthu 8-10.
M'chaka, makamaka nthawi yotentha, mbawala zimayesetsa kuti zisapite kukadya masana. M'mawa ndi madzulo amakhala otakataka, ndipo masana amapuma mumthunzi, pabedi, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi madzi.
Chakudya
Ngakhale chipululu chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chosauka malinga ndi zomera, pali china chomwe chingadye nyama zomwe zasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo. Makamaka masika pamene zonse zili pachimake.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri kwa osatulutsa njere. Pambuyo pake, zomera zikauma ndi kutentha kwambiri, nyama zimayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma ferrules, zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, hodgepodge, anyezi, zitsamba, ma capers, nyemba, chimanga, vwende pazakudya zawo.
Zakudya zamadzi zotere zimakulolani kuti musakhale opanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kumwa kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri okha. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa dzenje lothirira lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri limatha kukhala pamtunda wamakilomita 10-15.
Amayesetsa kuti asamwe madzi akumwa, koma amatha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amchere, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Caspian, kuti amwe. M'miyezi yozizira, antelopes amadya minga ya ngamila, chowawa, ephedra, nthambi za tamarisk, nthambi, saxaul.
Jeyran imatha kufikira liwiro mpaka 60 km / h
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
M'dzinja, amuna amayamba nthawi yovutikira. Antelopes amadziwika ndi dera lawo ndi chimbudzi chawo, chomwe chimayikidwa mu dzenje lokumbidwa. Izi zimatchedwa zimbudzi za rutting.
Mizati yapaderadera yotereyi imagwiritsa ntchito gawo, amuna amamenyera wina ndi mzake chifukwa chake, motero, kwa akazi. Chifukwa chake, amatha kukumba zilembo za anthu ena, ndikudziyika zawo pamenepo.
Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yolimba, mbawala zimachita modzikhulupirira, zimathamangira akazi, zimakonzekera ziwonetsero wina ndi mnzake. Atasonkhanitsa azimayi awo aakazi 2-5, amawasamalira mosamala.
Mimba imakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mu Marichi-Epulo ndi nthawi yobereka ndipo akazi amachoka, kufunafuna malo obisika. Amayi athanzi, achikulire amabereka mapasa, pomwe achichepere ndi achikulire nthawi zambiri amabweretsa ng'ombe imodzi.
Mwanayo amalemera pang'ono makilogalamu ochepera pang'ono, ndipo patatha mphindi zochepa amatha kuyimirira. Sabata yoyamba, amabisala m'nkhalango, samatsatira amayi awo.
Pachithunzicho, mbawala wamkazi yokhala ndi ana
Mkazi amayandikira mwana wokha kuti amudyetse, katatu patsiku, koma amazichita mosamala kwambiri kuti asatsogolere adani kwa khandalo. Mbawala zazing'ono zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu panthawiyi; nkhandwe, agalu, ndi mbalame zodya nyama ndizoopsa kwa iwo.
Amayi awo adzawateteza mwaukali kwa adani amenewa, mopambana, chifukwa cha ziboda zawo zakuthwa. Ngati mwana akuwopsezedwa ndi nkhandwe kapena munthu akuyenda pafupi, ndiye kuti mayiyo amayesa kutenga mdaniyo, popeza sangathe kupirira nawo.
Zitsamba zimakula mwachangu kwambiri, m'mwezi woyamba wamoyo amapeza 50% yamtsogolo mwake. Pakatha miyezi 18-19, amakhala atakula kale ngati nyama yayikulu.
Akazi amafika pokhwima pogonana kale - kale mchaka amatha kutenga pakati. Amuna ali okonzeka kuswana azaka ziwiri zokha. Mwachilengedwe, mphoyo zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 7, m'malo osungira nyama zimatha kukhala zaka 10. Pakadali pano Mbawala ali ndi udindo wa nyama yomwe ili pangozi ndipo adatchulidwa Ofiira buku.
