Nsomba yayikulu yowopsayi imakumbutsa njoka osati m'malingaliro amthupi lokhalitsa. Monga ma eel onse, ma moray eel amasambira ndikukwawa ngati njoka yowona, mowonekera akupinda thupi.
Kufotokozera kwa Moray eel
Maso ang'onoang'ono, otsegula pakamwa nthawi zonse, mano owongoka, thupi la serpenti lopanda masikelo - iyi ndi nthawi yozizira yochokera kubanja la moray eel, yomwe ili m'gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray. Ma Moray eel sakhala ocheperako: oimira mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri imakula mpaka 0.6 mita yolemera makilogalamu 8-10, pomwe ma giant moray eel akuyenda mpaka pafupifupi mita 4 ndi kulemera kwa 40 kg.
Maonekedwe
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe adatha kulingalira za mbee pakukula kwathunthu, popeza masana imakwera mwamphompho mwamiyala, ndikusiya mutu wake kunja kokha. Zikuwoneka kuti owonera osowa kuti ma moray eel akulira mokwiya: malingaliro awa amapangidwa chifukwa chakuyang'anitsitsa ndipo nthawi zonse amatsegula pakamwa ndi mano akulu osongoka.
M'malo mwake, ma moray eel a muray samachita ziwawa zobisalira monga chibadwa cha mdani wobisalira - poyembekezera wozunzidwayo, moray eel amaundana, koma samatseka pakamwa pake.
Zosangalatsa. Akuti ma moray eel sangathe kutseka pakamwa pawo, chifukwa mano akulu amasokoneza izi. M'malo mwake, ndi momwe nsombazi zimapezera mpweya womwe umafuna, ndikudutsa madzi mkamwa mwake ndikuzipopera mumitsinje.
Ma Moray eels alibe mano ambiri (23-28), kupanga mzere umodzi ndikubwerera kumbuyo pang'ono. Mitundu yomwe imakonda kudya nyama zakutchire imakhala ndi mano ocheperako omwe amatha kusinja zipolopolo.
Ma Moray eels alibe lilime, koma chilengedwe chimapangitsa kusokonekera uku powapatsa mphotho ziwiri za mphuno zokhala ngati timachubu tating'ono. Ma Moray eels (monga nsomba zina) amafunikira mphuno zawo kuti asapume, koma kuti azinunkhiza. Mphamvu yakumva kununkhiza kwa mafunde oyipa imakwaniritsa kuthekera kwa zida zake zosawoneka bwino.
Wina amayerekezera ma moray eel ndi njoka, winawake wokhala ndi leeches wosangalatsa: cholakwika chonse ndi thupi lopindika mopanda malire komanso lathyathyathya kuchokera mbali. Kufanana kwa leech kumachokera mchira wowonda, mosiyana ndi mphuno yolimba komanso kutsogolo kwa thupi.
Ma Moray eels alibe zipsepse za pectoral, koma mapiko am'mbali amatambalala m'mbali monsemo. Khungu lakuda, losalala lilibe mamba komanso utoto wowoneka bwino womwe umafanana ndi malo ozungulira.
Mitundu yotchuka ya moray eels mithunzi ndi mitundu:
- chakuda;
- Imvi;
- bulauni;
- zoyera;
- mapangidwe amafuta amitundu (madontho, "marble", mikwingwirima ndi mawanga osakanikirana).
Popeza kuti mphalapala siimatseka pakamwa pake mochititsa chidwi ikabisala, mkatikati mwa chakumapeto muyenera kufanana ndi mtundu wa thupi kuti musaphwanye mawonekedwe ake onse.
Moray eels
Mpaka pano, magwero osiyanasiyana amapereka chidziwitso chosemphana pamitundu yama moray eels. Chiwerengero chotchulidwa kwambiri ndi 200, pomwe mtundu wa Muraena uli ndi mitundu 10 yokha. Mndandandawu umaphatikizapo:
- muraena appendiculata;
- muraena argus;
- muraena augusti;
- muraena clepsydra;
- muraena helena (European moray eel);
- muraena lentiginosa;
- muraena melanotis;
- muraena pavonina;
- muraena retifera;
- muraena robusta.
Kodi nambala 200 idachokera kuti? Banja la Muraenidae (Moray eels), lomwe ndi gawo lofanana ndi eel, lili ndi mitundu yofanana. Banja lalikululi limakhala ndi mabanja awiri (Muraeninae ndi Uropterygiinae), mibadwo 15 ndi mitundu 85-206.
Komanso, banja laling'ono la Muraeninae limaphatikizapo mtundu wa Murena, womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu 10 yolembedwa. Kwakukulukulu, ngakhale chimphona chachikulu chimayenderana molunjika ndi mtundu wa Muraena: ndi wa banja la a Moray eel, koma ndi woimira mtundu wina - Gymnothorax. Nzosadabwitsa kuti chimphona chotchedwa moray eel chimatchedwanso hymnothorax ya ku Javanese.
Khalidwe ndi machitidwe
Pafupi ndi nsomba zonga njoka pali malingaliro ambiri omwe sagwirizana ndi chitsimikizo poyang'anitsitsa. Moray eel sadzawukira koyamba, ngati sanakwiyitse, kunyozedwa ndipo sikuwonetsa chidwi (chomwe ena osadziwa nthawi zambiri amachimwa).
Zachidziwikire, kudyetsa mbewa kuchokera m'manja ndikowoneka bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi kowopsa kwambiri (monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kusamalira nyama zolusa zilizonse). Nsomba zosokonezeka sizingayimire pamwambo ndipo zitha kuvulaza kwambiri. Nthawi zina kupsa mtima kwama moray eel kumakwiyitsa osati mantha okha, komanso kuvulala, thupi kapena malaise.
Ngakhale kumenya ndowe kapena nkhwangwa, moray eel amadziteteza mpaka mphamvu yake itatha. Poyamba, ayesa kubisala pakhonde, kukoka wosaka m'madzi kumbuyo kwake, koma ngati woyendetsa ndegeyo alephera, ayamba kugwedezeka pamtunda, kukwawa mpaka kunyanja, kumenya nkhondo ndikuthyola mano mosasinthika.
Chisamaliro. Pambuyo poluma, eel morel samasula wovutikayo, koma amamugwira ndikumugwira (monga ng'ombe yamphongo) ndikugwedeza nsagwada zake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zilonda zakuya kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri aliyense ankatha kuthawa mano akuthwa okha, osathandizidwa ndi anthu akunja. Kuluma kwa nsombayi kumakhala kopweteka kwambiri, ndipo bala limapola kwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka kufa).
Mwa njira, chinali chomaliza chomaliza chomwe chidatsogolera ichthyologists ku lingaliro la kukhalapo kwa poizoni wa eel m'mitsinje yamano, makamaka, mankhwala osokoneza bongo... Koma ataphunzira kangapo, ma moray eel adakonzedwanso, pozindikira kuti alibe zilonda zam'mimba.
Kuchira pang'onopang'ono kwa mabala otayika tsopano akuti kumachitika chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amachulukitsa zinyalala pakamwa: tizilombo timeneti timayambitsa zilonda.
Moyo ndi moyo wautali
Ma Moray eels amadziwika kuti amakhala okhaokhakusunga mfundo za madera. Nthawi zina amakhala moyandikana wina ndi mnzake, koma kokha chifukwa cholumikizana molimba kwa mipata yabwino. Kumeneko amakhala tsiku lonse, nthawi zina amasintha malo, koma kusiya mitu yowopsya panja. Mitundu yambiri imagwira ntchito usiku, koma pali mitundu ina yomwe imagwira nyama masana, nthawi zambiri m'madzi osaya.
Maso awo sawathandiza kwenikweni kutsata anthu omwe awazunza, koma makamaka fungo lawo labwino. Ngati mphuno zatsekedwa, zimakhala tsoka lenileni.
Mano am'miyendo yambiri yam'miyendo ili pakamwa pa nsagwada ziwiri, imodzi yomwe imatha kubwereranso: imakhala pansi pakhosi ndipo "imatuluka" nthawi yoyenera kuti igwire wovutikayo ndikumukoka. Izi zidapangidwa pakamwa chifukwa chakucheperachepera kwa mabowo: ma moray eel sangathe (monga nyama zina zam'madzi) amatsegula pakamwa pawo kuti akokere nyama yawo mkati.
Zofunika. Ma Moray eels alibe pafupifupi adani achilengedwe. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi zochitika ziwiri - mano ake akuthwa ndi mphamvu zomwe amamenyera mdani, komanso kukhala mosalekeza m'misasa yachilengedwe.
Nyama yomwe imasambira mwaufulu samagwidwa ndi nsomba zazikulu, koma nthawi zonse imabisala m'thanthwe lapafupi kwambiri. Zimanenedwa kuti mitundu ina imathawa kuchokera kwa omwe amawasaka, ikukwawa ngati njoka kumtunda. Ndikofunikanso kusintha njira zoyendera pamtunda pamafunde ochepa.
Palibe amene adayesapo kutalika kwa nthawi yam'mimba, koma amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala zaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo.
Habitat, malo okhala ma moray eels
Ma Moray eel amakhala m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja, amakonda madzi ofunda amchere. Mitundu yodabwitsa ya nsombazi imadziwika mu Indian Ocean ndi Red Sea. Ma moray eel ambiri asankha madera am'madzi a Atlantic ndi Pacific (madera osiyana), komanso Nyanja ya Mediterranean.
Ma Moray eel, monga nsomba zambiri za eel, samamira kwambiri, amasankha madzi amiyala osaya ndi miyala yamchere yakuya ndi kupitirira mamita 40. Ma Moray eels amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse m'malo otetezedwa achilengedwe, monga mkati mwa masiponji akuluakulu, ming'alu yamiyala ndi nkhalango zamiyala.
Zakudya, zomwe amadya moray
Eel wamtambo, atakhala momubisalira, amakopa yemwe angakhalepo ndi machubu amphuno (ofanana ndi ma annelids), akugwedeza. Nsombayo, ikukhulupirira kuti yawona nyongolotsi za m'nyanja, imasambira ndikuyandikira ndikulowa m'mano a moray eel, ndikuigwira ndikuponya mphezi.
Zakudya zam'madzi zimapangidwa ndi pafupifupi onse okhala m'madzi:
- nyamazi;
- nkhanu;
- nsomba;
- nsomba zam'madzi;
- nkhanu;
- sikwidi;
- Zikopa za m'nyanja.
Zosangalatsa. Ma Moray eels amakhala ndi ulemu wawo wapadera: samadya nkhanu (omwe amakhala pankhope za moray eels) ndipo samakhudza zotsuka (kumasula khungu / pakamwa pazakudya ndi tiziromboti).
Pogwira nyama yayikulu (mwachitsanzo, ma octopus), komanso kudula ma moray eel, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera, chida chachikulu chomwe ndi mchira. Msuzi wamtambo umakulunga mwala wokhala mwamphamvu, womangidwa mu mfundo ndikuyamba kulimbitsa minofu, kusunthira mfundoyi kumutu: kukakamira kwa nsagwada kumakulirakulira, komwe kumalola kuti nyamayo ikokere mosavuta zamkati mwa nyama.
Kubereka ndi ana
Mphamvu zakubala za ma moray eel, monga ma eel ena, sizinaphunzire mokwanira. Amadziwika kuti nsombazi zimafalikira patali ndi gombe, ndipo zimalowa m'zaka zake zoberekera zaka 4-6. Mitundu ina imasungabe mawonekedwe azakugonana m'moyo wonse, ena - sintha jenda, kukhala wamwamuna kapena wamkazi.
Kuthekera uku kumawonedwa, mwachitsanzo, mu rhinomurena yokhala ndi zingwe, ma juveniles omwe (mpaka 65 cm kutalika) amakhala achikuda akuda, koma amasintha kukhala amtambo wowala, ndikusandulika amuna (65-70 cm cm). Kukula kwamwamuna wamkulu kumangodutsa 70 cm, amakhala akazi, nthawi yomweyo amasintha mtundu wawo kukhala wachikasu.
Mphutsi za Moray eel zimatchedwa (monga mphutsi za eel) leptochule... Zimakhala zowonekera bwino, zimakhala ndi mutu wozungulira komanso wamphongo, ndipo sizimatha kufika 7-10 mm pobadwa. Leptocephals ndizosatheka kuwona m'madzi, kupatula apo, amasambira bwino kwambiri ndikusunthira, chifukwa cha mafunde, patali kwambiri.
Kuyenda motere kumatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka miyezi 10: panthawiyi, mphutsi zimakula kukhala nsomba zazing'ono ndikuzolowera moyo wongokhala.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Anthu nthawi zonse akhala akuwopa mafunde oyipa, kuyesera kuti atalikirane ndi nsomba zazikuluzikuluzi osachita chilichonse. Kumbali inayi, nyama ya moray eel nthawi zonse imawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chapadera, chifukwa chake mumayenera kuigwira.
Moray eel ku Roma wakale
Makolo athu akutali amayenera kuthana ndi mantha awo pogwira ma moray eel, ndipo ku Roma wakale adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa kubalanso kwa ma eel m'makola apadera. Aroma amakonda ma moray osachepera nyama ya msuzi wam'madzi am'madzi, ma eel, omwe amadya mbale zokoma za nsomba pamaphwando ambiri komanso ochuluka.
Mbiri yakale yasungira ngakhale nthano zingapo zoperekedwa kwa ma moray eels. Chifukwa chake, pali nkhani yokhudza wina wofewa wamtambo yemwe adapita kukayitana mwiniwake, Mroma wotchedwa Crassus.
Nthano yodabwitsa kwambiri (yofotokozedwanso ndi Seneca ndi Dion) imalumikizidwa ndi Caesar Augustus, yemwe adayambitsa Ufumu wa Roma. Octavian Augustus anali bwenzi ndi mwana wa mfulu, Publius Vedius Pollio, amene anasamutsidwa (mwa chifuniro cha princeps) kupita ku malo okwera pamahatchi.
Mfumu idadya pa nyumba yolemera ya Pollio wachuma, ndipo womaliza adalamula kuti kapolo akaponyedwe kumadyedwe omwe mwangozi adaswa chikho cha kristalo. Mnyamatayo adagwada, ndikupempha mfumu kuti isapulumutse moyo wawo, koma njira ina yopweteka kwambiri.
Octavian anatenga timikanda totsalira ndikuyamba kuwaphwanya pamiyala pamaso pa Pollio. Kapoloyo adapatsidwa moyo, ndipo mafumu adalandira (Vedius atamwalira) nyumbayo idamupatsa.
Kusodza ndi kuswana
Masiku ano, ukadaulo wobereketsa ma moray m'malo opangira watayika ndipo nsombazi sizikula.
Zofunika. Amakhulupirira kuti nyama yamtundu wa moray (yoyera komanso yokoma) ndiyabwino kudya pokhapokha magazi onse atadzazidwa ndi poizoni atatulutsidwa. Zinali chifukwa chakufa ndi poyizoni kwa anthu omwe amayesa ma moray eel omwe amakhala m'malo otentha.
Zoizoni, zimachulukirachulukira m'thupi la nsombazi pamene nsomba zowopsa zam'madera otentha zimakhala maziko a chakudya chake. Koma kudera la Mediterranean, komwe sikupezeka kumeneku, kuloledwa kwa amateur kwa ma moray eel kumaloledwa. Amakololedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndowe ndi misampha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo.
Nthawi zina ma eay aku Europe mwangozi amagwera m'miyendo yolowerera yomwe cholinga chake ndi kugwira nsomba zina zomwe (ndizosiyana ndi ma moray eel) zomwe ndizopindulitsa.
Ma moray amakono azolowera kuchuluka kwa anthu osiyanasiyana osimba za odyetsa ena omwe amasambira pafupi ndi ena osambira, amalola kujambulidwa, kukhudzidwa ngakhale kudzitulutsa kunyanja.
