Agalu, anthu, ndi nsomba amapuma pachifukwa chomwecho. Aliyense amafunikira mpweya wabwino. Oxygen ndi mpweya womwe matupi amagwiritsa ntchito popanga mphamvu.
Zinthu zamoyo zimamva njala ziwiri - m'mimba ndi mpweya. Mosiyana ndi nthawi yopuma pakati pa chakudya, nthawi yopuma imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Anthu amapuma pafupifupi 12 pamphindi.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti zimapuma mpweya wokha, koma pali mpweya wina ambiri mlengalenga. Tikapuma, mapapu amadzaza ndi mpweyawu. Mapapu amalekanitsa mpweya ndi mpweya ndikutulutsa mpweya wina womwe matupi sagwiritsa ntchito.
Aliyense amatulutsa kaboni dayokisaidi, yomwe matupi ake amatulutsa akapanga mphamvu. Monga momwe thupi limachita thukuta tikamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, thupi limatulutsanso mpweya woipa tikamapuma.
Nsomba zimafunikiranso mpweya kuti zisunthire matupi awo, koma mpweya womwe amagwiritsa ntchito uli kale m'madzi. Matupi awo sali ofanana ndi a anthu. Anthu ndi agalu ali ndi mapapo, ndipo nsomba zili ndi misempha.
Momwe ma gill amagwirira ntchito
Mitsempha ya nsomba imawonekera poyang'ana kumutu kwawo. Izi ndi mizere m'mbali mwa mutu wa nsombayo. Mitsempha imapezekanso mkati mwa thupi la nsomba, koma simawoneka kuchokera kunja - monga mapapu athu omwe. Nsombazi zimawoneka zikupumira m'madzi chifukwa mutu wake umakulira ndikamakoka m'madzi. Monga momwe munthu amezera chakudya chachikulu.
Choyamba, madzi amalowa m'kamwa mwa nsombayo ndikudutsa m'mitsempha. Madzi akatuluka m'miyendo, amabwerera kusungira. Kuphatikiza apo, carbon dioxide yopangidwa ndi nsombayo imachotsedwanso ndi madzi ikamachoka m'miyendo.
Zosangalatsa: nsomba ndi nyama zina zomwe zili ndimitsempha zimapuma mpweya chifukwa magazi awo amayenda m'miyendo mosiyana ndi madzi. Magaziwo akadadutsa m'mitsinje mbali yomweyo monga madzi, nsombazo sizingalandire mpweya wofunikira kuchokera pamenepo.
Mitsempha imakhala ngati sefa, ndipo amatenga mpweya m'madzi, womwe nsombazo zimafuna kupuma. Mpweya utenga mpweya (mpweya wozungulira), mpweya umadutsa m'magazi ndikuthandizira thupi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusiya nsomba m'madzi. Popanda madzi, sangapeze mpweya wofunikira kuti akhale athanzi.
Njira zina zopumira mu nsomba
Nsomba zambiri zimapuma kudzera pakhungu lawo, makamaka akabadwa, chifukwa ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti alibe ziwalo zapadera. Mukamakula, mitsempha imakula chifukwa pamakhala kufalikira kokwanira pakhungu. 20% kapena kusinthana kwakanthawi kosiyanasiyana kwamafuta kumawonedwa mu nsomba zina zazikulu.
Mitundu ina ya nsomba yatulukira m'mitsuko yomwe imadzaza ndi mpweya. Kwa ena, ziwalo zovuta zimapangidwa kuchokera kumpangidwe wothirira wa branchial mawonekedwe ndikugwira ntchito ngati mapapo.
Nsomba zina zimapuma mpweya popanda kusintha kwapadera. American eel imakwirira 60% ya zosowa za oxygen kudzera pakhungu ndipo 40% imameza kuchokera mumlengalenga.
