M'masiku amakono, timakhala ocheperako kuganiza za china kupatula nkhawa zathu. Koma nthawi zina ndikofunikira kutembenuzira chidwi chathu ku mavuto omwe sali pafupi ndi ife - ku mitundu ya nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Tataya anthu ambiri kwamuyaya, koma oimira zinyama zambiri omwe atchulidwa mu Red Book apulumuka chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa anthu osamalira. Lero tikambirana za m'modzi mwa oimira nyama zosowa ndi zotetezedwa - mchere.
Malo a Solongoy
Oyimira ochepa a ma mustelids amakhala makamaka ku Central Asia, kum'mawa kwa Central Asia, kumwera kwa Far East komanso kumwera kwa Siberia. Mwa malo enieni a solongoy pakadali pano, titha kutchula mapiri ndi mapiri a Tien Shan, Tarbagatai, Altai, Pamir.
Ku Russia, amakhala ku Primorye, Khabarovsk Territory, dera la Amur ndi Transbaikalia. Amagawidwa m'magulu angapo malinga ndi malo okhala. Kotero pali Pamir, Chitchaina, Madzi amchere a Transbaikal.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana makamaka mu utoto wokha waubweya. Nyama zikuphatikizidwa Mabuku Ofiira Jewish Autonomous District, Primorsky Territory, komanso akutetezedwa mdera la Irkutsk.
Imakonda kukhala m'malo ataliatali a mapiri kumene zomera sizikula bwino. Mwachitsanzo, adasankha chigwa cha Daur m'dera lachiyuda lachiyuda. Ikhozanso kukhala m'mapiri ndi kumapiri a nkhalango. Madambwe okha ndiomwe samamukonda.
Amakonda kukhazikika m'ming'alu yamiyala, ming'alu pakati pamiyala, m'makona amitengo kapena m'manda osiyidwa. Malo okhala nsomba zamchere amatha kusintha, koma sasintha zomwe amakonda.
Anapeza zochitika pamoyo wake pamtunda wa mamita 3500 pamwamba pa nyanja m'mapiri a Pamir. Tikhoza kunena choncho solongoi Amakhala odekha ndi anthu, chifukwa chake amatha kukhala pafupi ndi mafamu kapena nyumba ya munthu.
Maonekedwe a Solongoy
Popeza ndi ya weasel, zikuwoneka kuti ziyenera kukhala zamtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu. Kukula kwa nyama ndi 21-28 cm, ndipo mchira ndi masentimita 10-15. Amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 250-370.
Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono. Chinyama chili ndi miyendo yayifupi kwambiri, thupi limakokoloka komanso limasinthasintha, mchira umakhala wofewa nthawi yozizira, ubweya ndi waufupi komanso wonenepa. Mwambiri, izi ndi zolengedwa zokongola komanso zokongola, monga titha kuweruza ndi angapo chithunzi solongoy.
Nyamazo zimawoneka ngati fuli, koma zilibe magalasi pankhope zawo, ndipo makutu awo ndi ozungulira kwambiri. KU mafotokozedwe a solongoy Ndikofunika kuwonjezera kuti amasintha mtundu wa khungu kuyambira chilimwe mpaka nthawi yozizira, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana mosiyanasiyana muubweya waubweya. Solongoi ndi abulauni akuda komanso azitona komanso owala kwambiri.
Moyo wa Solongoy
Solongoy ndi nyama yogwira ntchito kwambiri, imangoyenda nthawi zonse, imathamanga mwachangu kwambiri, ngakhale ili ndi miyendo yayifupi, imasambira bwino ndikukwera mitengo, imagwira nthambi ndikuthira ndi zikhadabo zazitali komanso zakuthwa.
Zochita zake, usana ndi usiku, zimayang'ana chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya sichimapezeka mosavuta, chilombo chimatha kufika komwe munthu amakhala, ndikuwononga nkhokwe zake ndi nkhuku.
Kuchotsa mnansi wosafunikira sikungakhale kophweka - Solongoi ndiotsutsa kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomwe kusaka kumaloledwa kwa iye, okhawo odziwa bwino ntchito omwe amadziwa zomwe amakonda amachita amapita kukasaka. Ankagwiritsa ntchito agalu ndi misampha posodza. Koma, ngati amalimbana mosavuta ndi nkhuku, ndiye kuti kadzidzi ndi akabawo ndi adani ake enieni.
Pakakhala ngozi, nyama imabisala, ndipo ngati palibe pobisalira yoyenera, imayesetsa kudziteteza ndi mamvekedwe owopsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito tiziwalo timene timatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa.
Nthawi zina, chilombocho chimamusiya yekha. Saloon yogwira masana ilibe nyumba yokhazikika, koma imakhala pamalo aliwonse omwe amakonda. Komabe, munthu wosiyana amakhala payokha komanso kudera lake. Nthawi zina, polimbana ndi malo pansi pano, salmonoi amapulumuka mdera lake, mizati yolimba kapena ma ermines.
Chinsinsi chomwecho cha glands chomwe chili pansi pamchira chimathandizira kulemba gawo ndikulumikizana ndi anzawo. Kuphatikiza pa kununkhiza, solongoi amatha kulumikizana kudzera pakulira komwe amalankhula kuti achenjeze anzawo za ngozi.
Chakudya
Ngakhale kuti amakhala wokangalika nthawi iliyonse yamasana, amasankha kusaka nthawi yamadzulo. Solongoy amayenda mwachangu komanso mozungulira pakati pa mizu, pamiyala yamiyala ndi ma windbreaks.
Zakudya zake ndizosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zonse amayenera kusaka chakudya chake. Pofunafuna chakudya, amathandizidwa ndi kutha kuthamanga mwachangu, ndipo zikhadabo zakuthwa sizimasiya nyama iliyonse.
Nthawi zambiri, mbewa zazing'ono, ma voles, ma hamsters, ma pikas, ndi ma gopher amakhala patebulo. Koma amathanso kugwira muskrat, kalulu, kalulu. Samanyoza nkhono, achule, tizilombo. Amadya mazira ndi anapiye.
Wamkulu amafunika pafupifupi 50 magalamu azakudya patsiku, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi makoswe 3-4. Koma nthawi zambiri, chilombocho chimapeza chakudya chochuluka kuposa momwe chimafunira.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yobereketsa ikafika, yaimuna imachita ndewu zoopsa wina ndi mnzake yazimayi. Nthawi zambiri, nyama yofooka imamwalira kunkhondo. Izi zimachitika mu February-Marichi. Mkazi wokhala ndi umuna amapeza chisa posankha mabowo akale amitengo, zisa kapena maenje.
Amayi amabala ana 1-8 patatha masiku 35-50 ali ndi bere. Ana agalu amabadwa akhungu ndikuphimbidwa ndi owonda pansi. Pakatha mwezi, anawo amatsegula maso awo ndikutuluka pachisa kuti azisewera. Ana amamwetsedwa mkaka kwa miyezi iwiri.
Kenako amaphunzira kusaka ndipo patatha miyezi itatu amayamba kukhala pawokha. Mwachilengedwe, solongoi amakhala zaka 3-5, ali mu ukapolo zaka 5-10. Ngati tikulankhula za zabwino za anthu, ndiye kuti mchere wamchere umabweretsa, ndikuwononga makoswe owopsa.
Koma ngati atakhala ndi chizolowezi chobanika nkhuku, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zovuta kuziteteza ku nyamayi. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 50. ubweya wa nyama unali wamtengo wapatali, ngakhale sunali wofanana ndi mphanga, komabe kusaka kwamalonda kunkachitika.
Koma tsopano, pamene anthu ali pachiwopsezo, kusaka kwatsala pang'ono kuimitsidwa, ndipo ambiri mwa Red Data Books tsopano ali ndi dzina lake. Pakadali pano, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha nsombayi ndichakuti anthu asandutsa malo awo osaka kukhala minda yawo yaulimi.
Ndiponso, kupikisana kwa gawo lokhala ndi mzati, womwe umasaka pamalo omwewo ngati madzi amchere, kumawathandiza kwambiri. Koma popeza pali zipilala zowonjezereka, ngwazi yathu sangapambane pankhondoyi.
