Raccoons (lat. Nyama zoterezi zidachokera ku liwu lachi India loti "Arakun", lotanthauza "kukanda ndi manja ake."
Kufotokozera kwa raccoon
M'mayiko ambiri aku Asia ndi ku Europe, raccoon amatchedwa "chimbalangondo chamizeremizere" ndi "kutsuka chimbalangondo". Kusokoneza raccoon ndi nyama iliyonse yakutchire kapena zoweta ndizosatheka.... Dzinalo la Chilatini Prosyon lingamasuliridwe kuti "galu asanabadwe" kapena "pamaso pa galu", zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chilombocho.
Maonekedwe, mtundu
Kunja, ma raccoon amafanana ndi agalu a raccoon, ali ndi thupi lolimba, miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi zala zosunthika komanso zazitali, komanso zikhadabo zakuthwa komanso zosabweza. Gawo lokhazikika la paws ndilopanda. Poimirira, nyamayo imayesetsa kudalira malo onsewo, ndipo poyenda, ndi zala zake zokha, chifukwa mayendedwe a raccoon amafanana ndi cholembedwa chotsalira ndi dzanja la munthu.
Mutu wa nyama ndi wokulira mokwanira, wokhala ndi mphuno yayifupi komanso yakuthwa, makutu ang'onoang'ono komanso ozungulira. Mchira ndiwofewa. Ubweyawo ndi wautali komanso wandiweyani, wopanga "akasinja" achilendo kwambiri m'mbali mwa mutu. Njira ya mano imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa incisors 3 ndi 3, mayini 1 ndi 1, premolars 3-4 ndi 3-4, molars 2 ndi 2-3. Mano onse ndi zidutswa 36-42.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbali yapadera, yodziwika bwino ya ubweya wa raccoon, kunja kwa mawonekedwe ake, ndi kapangidwe kake, koyimiriridwa ndi 90% ya chovala chothina kwambiri kapena chothina, chopangidwa kuti chiteteze nyama kumadzi ozizira.
Chovalacho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wachikaso ndi kusakanikirana kwakuda. Kuchokera kumtunda wakutsogolo mpaka kumapeto kwa mphuno, pali mzere wa utoto wakuda. Pali mawanga akuda-bulauni kuzungulira maso. Pamchira wa raccoon, pali mphete zokutira zakuda kapena zofiirira. Ma raccoon achimuna nthawi zambiri amakhala olemera komanso okulirapo kuposa azimayi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Khalidwe la raccoon, mosasamala mtundu wake, ndi lamtendere kwambiri komanso lochezeka, lotanganidwa komanso lofuna kudziwa zambiri. Nyama yochenjera yotereyi ili ndi nzeru zambiri, imatha kuphunzira kuthana ndi mavuto osavuta ndikuchita zanzeru zina zosavuta. Chinyama chosakhala chaukali sichimasiyana mwamantha, chifukwa chake chimatha kudziteteza mwa kuluma ndi kukanda, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kubangula koopseza. Nthawi zina, nyamayo imakonda kupuma kapena kunamizira kuti yafa kuti isamenye.
Ngakhale amakhala ochezeka, ma raccoon amakonda kusungulumwa, chifukwa chake amaphatikizana m'magulu makamaka munthawi yachisangalalo.... Nyama yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi obadwa nawo oyandikana nawo; chifukwa chake, malo odyetserako ziweto amatha kudutsana. Kupirira kumathandizira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ma raccoons m'malo ambiri. Kulankhulana wina ndi mzake kumawonetsedwa mukung'ung'udza, kulira komanso kutulutsa mawu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutalika kwakanthawi kozizira kwa raccoon kumadalira kutalika kwa nyengo yozizira, koma ma raccoons aku Canada ndi omwe atalikirapo kwambiri mderali, omwe amatha kugona miyezi isanu.
Nyamayo imakonda moyo wamadzulo-usiku, chifukwa chake, nthawi yamasana, nyama zimagona m'phanga lawo, ndikupita kukafunafuna chakudya madzulo. Komabe, ngati kuli kotheka, ma raccoon amatha kusintha zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, kadyedwe ndi kadyedwe ka ma raccoon am'mbali mwa nyanja kumadalira kwambiri kupindika ndi kuyenderera, pomwe ma raccoon okhala ndi mizere okhala kumpoto chakumpoto amayamba kunenepa kawiri kapena katatu, pambuyo pake amapita kuzizira, kuzizira kwambiri.
Kodi ma raccoon amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Mitundu yofala kwambiri masiku ano ndi raccoon, omwe amakhala ndi moyo m'zinthu zachilengedwe, monga lamulo, samapitilira zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mukasungidwa, nyama yoyamwitsa imakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu, koma pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa anyani, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe amtunduwo, zomwe zimapangidwira kusunga, kudya komanso kutsatira kupewa matenda.
Mitundu ya Raccoon
Mitundu inayi yayikulu imadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa Raccoon:
- Zamatsenga (Prosyon lоtоr), yoyimiridwa ndi ma subspecies a 22 - nyama zodya nyama, zomwe ndi imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe zimakula bwino ndikukula kwa nthaka. Chinyama chotalika masentimita 45-60 ndi mchira osapitirira kotala la mita. Ili ndi miyendo yayifupi komanso ubweya wakuda wakuda;
- Zamatsenga (Prosyon cancrivоrus), wokhala ndi mchira wosalala komanso mawonekedwe mozungulira maso, omwe amapanga mtundu wa "chigoba cha achifwamba". Imasiyana mthupi lokhazikika kwambiri pakati pa 40-60 cm, ndi mchira kutalika kwa masentimita 20-42. Ubweya kumbuyo ndi mbali zake ndi zofiirira, ndipo pamimba ndi imvi;
- Mabala a Cozumel (Prosyon pygmаeus) ndi mitundu yosawerengeka yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 60-80 cm, ndikukula mchira mkati mwa kotala la mita. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 3.0 mpaka 4.0 kg. Mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi ubweya wofiirira, kupezeka kwa utoto wachikaso kumchira ndi chigoba chakuda pamphuno;
- Mitundu ya Guadalupe (Prosyon minоr) ali m'gulu la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe akunja a raccoon. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 51-60. Mchira wofewa uli ndi mphete zakuda zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo thupi limakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Pali chovala "chakuda chakuda" kudera lamutu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Lero, raccoon wodziwika bwino kwambiri amaimiridwa ndi ma subspecies khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikiza mapiri angapo azilumba.
Mitundu yama raccoon imakhala ndi ma inspecies, osowa kwambiri - Barbados raccoon (Latin Prosyon lotor gloveralleni), yomwe imakhala pachilumba m'nyanja ya Caribbean, komanso subspecies yayikulu kwambiri - Tresmarian raccoon (Prosyon lotor insulаris) lat. Prosyon lоtоr mаynаrdi).
Malo, magawidwe
- Nthaka ya Cozumel Amapezeka pachilumba chaching'ono cha Caribbean kunyanja ya Quintana Roo. Malo achilengedwe ndi mangrove ndi nkhalango zamvula mkati mwa chisumbucho, komanso madera am'mbali mwa nyanja komanso malo obzala mbewu.
- Mitundu ya Guadalupe - nyama zakutchire zomwe zimakhala makamaka m'malo achinyezi a Guadeloupe. Mitundu yamtunduwu imakonda madambo, koma imatha kukhalanso m'nkhalango zowuma pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena nyanja.
- Aguara kapena nkhandwe - nyama yochokera kumadambo ndi nkhalango, yomwe ikukhazikika m'chigawo cha South ndi Central America, kuphatikiza Tobago ndi Trinidad. Nyama imodzi yosankha usiku imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja ndi mitsinje.
- Wachimereka kapena mikwingwirima - chilombo chofala ku North America, kuchokera ku Isthmus of Panama kupita kumadera akumwera kwa Canada, komanso ku France ndi mayiko ena aku Europe.
Ma raccoon achikulire amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, posankha dzenje mumtengo, womwe uli pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera pansi. Kupeza mphalapala kunyumba sikovuta - khungwa pa mtengo wake lakhadzulidwa bwino, ndi tsitsi lokwanira. Kuphatikiza pa malo okhala, ma raccoon amadzipangira malo angapo odalirika, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito dzenje logona.
Pakalibe kabowo koyenera, nyamayo imatha kukhazikika m'ming'alu pakati pamiyala kapena mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, ndipo ngakhale mkati mwazitsamba. Nthawi zina nyamayo imapeza bowo la msinkhu woyenera ndikusiyidwa ndi nyama zina, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakulephera kwa ma raccoon kuti azikumba okha pawokha. Ma raccoon amasintha mosavuta komanso mwachangu, nthawi zambiri nyama zolusa sizikhala patali kwambiri ndi midzi, pafupi ndi minda yazipatso ndi malo opaka. Gawo lomwe lasankhidwa silimasiyidwa ndi nyama, koma ngati kuli kofunikira, nyamayi imatha kuyenda pafupifupi kilomita imodzi ndi theka kuchokera pamenepo.
Zakudya zamisala
Ma biotopes omwe amakonda ma raccoon amaimiridwa ndi madera akale osakanikirana nkhalango ndi madambo ndi mayiwe... Kudera lotere kuli mitengo yambiri yopanda kanthu, yomwe imapatsa mphalapala kupumula masana. Nyamayi imakhala ndi masomphenya abwino usiku, zomwe zimathandiza nyamayo kuyenda mumlengalenga usiku komanso kusaka. Kuphatikiza apo, ma raccoon ali ndi ma vibrissae obisika omwe amakula pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza mutu, chifuwa ndi pamimba, mkati mwamiyendo, komanso malo akhungu pafupi ndi zikhadabo.
Raccoon ndi ya omnivores, koma chakudya chake chachikulu chimadalira kwambiri nthawi komanso malo. Mmodzi yekhayo m'banjamo amene amabisala nthawi yachisanu amasowa chakudya chochuluka chopatsa thanzi. Pambuyo pa kubisala, mozungulira February kapena Marichi, ma raccoon okhwima ogonana amayamba kuberekana mwachangu, chifukwa chake amafunikira chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri, choyimiridwa ndi chakudya cha nyama zokha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zinthu za anthropogenic, zomwe zimawopseza moyo ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zambiri, sizingayambitse ziphuphu, chifukwa chake nyama zotere zimasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo pafupi ndi anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapeza chakudya m'malo otayilamo zinyalala kapena zitini za zinyalala.
Ma Raccoon amatha kugwira tizirombo tambiri, komanso amasaka achule osati makoswe akulu kwambiri. Kukwanitsa kukwera m'mitengo molondola kumathandiza nyamayo kuwononga zisa za mbalame. Nthawi zina amadya njoka, abuluzi ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi, zomwe zimaimiridwa ndi nkhanu, nkhanu ndi nsomba. Pofika nyengo yophukira, ma raccoon amasinthana kuti agawire chakudya chamtundu wa zipatso ndi mtedza, zipatso ndi zipatso za mbewu zosiyanasiyana. M'madera ena, ma raccoon asanduka tsoka lenileni, chifukwa chofunsa pafupipafupi minda yazipatso, zaulimi ndi mavwende.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yokhayokha yama raccoons imayamba ndikayamba masika. Munthawi yonse yokwatirana, amuna amafunafuna omwe angakwatirane nawo, ndipo gawo lomwe nyama limakulirakulirakulirakulirabe. Mkazi wokonzekera kukwatira amatsimikizidwa ndi raccoon ndi fungo. Kukwatira kutha, wamwamuna amasiya wamkazi yemwe ali ndi umuna ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapita kukasaka bwenzi latsopano. Ma raccoon achimuna amakonda kukhala paokha, chifukwa chake satenga nawo mbali mwachindunji polera ana.
Mbira yamphongo, yomwe imasiyidwa yokha pambuyo pokwatirana, imabereka ana... Asanabadwe ma raccoon ang'onoang'ono, machitidwe a amayi apakati amakhala okwiya komanso osayembekezereka. Nthawi ya bere imatha kupitirira miyezi iwiri. Ma raccoon obadwa kumene amakhala ogontha komanso akhungu, ndipo kulemera kwawo pafupifupi 70-75 magalamu. Anawo amayamba kukhwima ali ndi zaka zitatu zokha. M'masiku oyamba atabadwa, ma raccoon ochepa amadya mkaka wa amayi okha, ndipo mano akamawonekera, nyama zazing'ono zimayamba kusinthana ndi mitundu yolimba ya chakudya. Mkazi amatha kudyetsa ana ake omwe akukula pafupifupi ola lililonse.
Zofunika! Pakakhala ngozi mwadzidzidzi, nyani wamkazi amakonzekera malo khumi apadera, kulola kuti asamutsire ana onsewo, komanso kupulumutsa anawo kuimfa.
Mkazi amabereka ana pafupifupi asanu kapena asanu pachaka. Ubweya wa makanda otere umakula ndikukula kuyambira tsiku loyambirira la moyo, ndipo mwazinthu zina, zilembo zamtundu wakuda ndi zoyera zimawoneka pakamphuno ka anawo nthawi yomweyo.
Kuyankhulana kwa makanda ndi amayi awo kumachitika kudzera pakumveka kwapadera, komwe kumayimiriridwa ndi likhweru ndi kufuula, komanso osatinso kung'ung'udza kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti nyama zakale sizimangolankhulana pafupipafupi, komanso zimakhala zopanda phokoso, kusinthana mawu osamveka bwino.
Adani achilengedwe
Ma Raccoons ali mgulu la nyama zolimba kwambiri zakutchire, zomwe sizimateteza ku matenda ambiri opatsirana komanso opatsirana. Mwa zina, nyamayi imatha kudziteteza mwamphamvu ku nyama zambiri zachilengedwe.... Komabe, chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kutengedwa popeza raccoon yomwe imatha kunyamula matenda opatsirana oopsa kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'mayiko ena, zomwe amati ndi kusaka masewera makamaka ma raccoon ndizodziwika bwino, pomwe pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni awiri kapena atatu amawomberedwa m'miyezi khumi ndi iwiri.
Mwachilengedwe, zilombo zambiri zazikulu zimatha kuukira ma raccoon, kuphatikiza mphalapala, mimbulu, red lynx, elk, alligator ngakhalenso kadzidzi. Njoka nthawi zambiri zimasaka ana akhanda osakhwima. M'madera a Ciscaucasia, ziweto zonse zimayendetsedwa bwino ndi nkhandwe wamba, yomwe, limodzi ndi raccoon, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
M'madera aku America, ma raccoon ndi mitundu yamalonda, ndipo kumadera akumpoto kwa dzikolo, m'malo abwino, kuchuluka kwawo ndi anthu mazana atatu pa mahekitala chikwi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa minda, minda ya zipatso ndi minda yamphesa, mavwende ndi nkhuku, ndi minda. Nyama yotere imasungidwa bwino mu ukapolo, koma nthawi yomweyo, nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi chizindikiro cha samsonism zopanda chitukuko chokwanira bwino zimaponyedwa.
Zaka zopitilira makumi awiri zapitazo, a Bahamian raccoon adadziwika kuti ali pachiwopsezo ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature, chifukwa cha anthu ochepa. Pakadali pano, njira zothandiza zotetezera subspecies sizikutengedwa.
