Makhalidwe ndi malo a gubonos
Ma Dubonos – mbalame, wa banja la zinsomba komanso kukhala woyimira wamkuluyo, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 18. Mbalamezi zidaphunzira dzina lawo chifukwa cha kapangidwe kodabwitsa ka mlomo waukulu, womwe uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo, ngakhale uli ndi kukula kwake kwapakatikati, ndi wamphamvu modabwitsa komanso wakuthwa.
Monga tawonera chithunzi cha gubonos, mbalameyi mwanjira zina imafanana ndi nyenyezi, imasiyana kokha m'thupi lalifupi. Mitundu ya mbalameyi ndi yokongola kwambiri ndipo imasiyana mosiyanasiyana, yopangidwa ndi chokoleti, chakuda, pinki, mabokosi ndi mitundu yakuda bulauni. Komanso, mithunzi yake imasintha chaka chonse, koma mbalameyi imasinthidwa makamaka masika.
Mtundu wa grosbeaks uli ndi mitundu itatu. Grosbeak wamba amakhala m'mapaki, minda, nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zosakanikirana za ku Eurasia, kuchokera ku England kupita ku Japan, kupatula kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo, likulu la Russia ndi mayiko aku Scandinavia, kukhala osowa kwambiri m'malo awa.
Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango za thundu komanso m'minda, komanso m'minda yopangira anthu yomwe ili pafupi ndi komwe anthu amakhala, komanso manda.
Mbalame zamtundu uwu zimapezekanso ku Siberia, Caucasus, Crimea ndi Alaska. Kusamukira kumayiko okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, ma grosbeak wamba amafika kumalire a Turkey, Morocco ndi Algeria.
Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wachinyamata kapena wabuluu, kutengera nyengo yake. Ili ndi mtundu wa nthenga wakuda, mabokosi, oyera, ocher ndi ofiira. Amuna a Gubnose wamba ndi owala kwambiri, amaoneka ofiira, abulauni ndi bulauni. Zazikazi sizanzeru kwambiri, koma zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pamutu komanso mbali.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yamtunduwu ya mbalame imaphatikizaponso ma grosbeak okhala ndi zotchingidwa komanso zamadzulo, mitundu yake imaphatikizapo kuphatikiza chikaso chowala, choyera ndi chakuda.
Mitundu iwiriyi ya mbalame ndi yolumikizana kwambiri ndipo imakhala ku kontrakitala yaku America, koma yoyamba pakati, ndipo yachiwiri kumpoto kwake.
Chikhalidwe ndi njira ya moyo wa gubonos
Mbalamezi ndi zotchuka chifukwa chokhala osamala komanso amantha. Sagwidwa kawirikawiri ndi anthu kotero kuti amatchedwanso "mbalame zosaoneka." Osati pachabe. Dubonosy ndi akatswiri obisala, ndipo amatha "kusungunuka" mlengalenga pamaso pathu.
Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa nkhalango za oak komanso m'minda ya zipatso ya maapulo, kubisala kuti zisayang'ane korona wamitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma Duboni amadziwika ndi phlegm, kudzipangira komanso kulingalira.
Amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali osasunthika ndikuganiza bwino panthambi yosuntha pang'ono kapena ayi. Komabe, mbalame zimachenjera msanga, zachidziwikire kuti ndizosamala, koma, ngati kuli kofunikira, zimalimba mtima mokwanira.
Ngakhale mbalame ndi zokongola, zimazolowera anthu msanga komanso ndizodzichepetsa, anthu samazisunga m'nyumba zawo mosamala, mwina chifukwa cha katundu wa mbalamezi zomwe zimabisala mosalekeza ndi maso.
Zilombozi, zomwe ndi za mbalame za nyimbo, ndizodziwika bwino pa nyimbo zawo kuyimba. Dubonosy makamaka amapanga phokoso nthawi yachaka. Zokopa zawo zimadziwika ndikubowoleza mwadzidzidzi ndipo sizimayankhula mokweza, nthawi zina zimakhala ngati kulira.
Mverani mawu a grosbeak wamba
Chakudya cha Gubonos
Mlomo waukulu wa grosbeak, pafupifupi kukula kwa mutu wake, ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chopondera chakudya chotafuna, chomwe chimathandiza mbalameyo kudya bwino yamatcheri, yamatcheri ndi maula monga chakudya, kuphwanya mafupa awo mosavuta.
Ma Dubonos Mutha kudya beech ndi mtedza wa paini, zipatso zamatcheri, honeysuckle ndi zipatso za mbalame. nthula, mapulo ndi nyanga za nyanga. Mbalamezi zimapambananso pakuphwanya ndi kudya chimanga, nyemba za nsawawa, mpendadzuwa ndi nthanga za dzungu.
M'nyengo yamasika, mbalame zimakonda kudya masamba atsopano komanso masamba atsopano a masamba, masamba ang'onoang'ono, ndi maluwa a lilac. Kuphatikiza apo, chakudya cha grosbeak, kuposa ndi mbalame zina: tizilombo, mbozi zokudya, kafadala, May beetles, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lepidoptera.
Koma ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amawononga tizirombo, ma grosbeaks ndi mvula yamabingu agalu a chilimwe. Mbalamezi zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri mbewu zomwe anthu amalima m'minda ndi minda ya zipatso.
Nthawi zina amakhala osusuka kwambiri kotero kuti amawononga zipatso za ntchito yaanthu pafupifupi konse. Amadya ngati maapulo, nkhaka zatsopano, zipatso zina ndi ndiwo zamasamba, chifukwa chake amatha kuwononga masamba otupa a yamatcheri, maula ndi mitengo ya maapulo kumapeto kwa masika.
Amakonda mbalame ndi zitsamba zatsopano: kabichi, saladi, plantain, clover ndi maluwa a dandelion. Kwa iwo omwe amasunga mbalame izi m'makola, sizovuta kupeza chakudya cha nyama zolusa komanso zamphongozi.
Zakudya zosazolowereka monga miyala, mchenga ndi choko pang'ono zitha kupindulitsanso thanzi la mbalame. Eni ake amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chapadera cha mbalame zam'nkhalango, zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi Vitacraft, komanso chakudya cha mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zazikulu, monga Padovan.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa ma gubonos
Nthawi yakumasirana imayamba mbalamezi pofika masika. Oyendetsa ndege, powona abwenzi awo, adzazidwa ndi kuyimba ndikukweza nthenga pamutu pawo. Ndipo munali panthawiyi pomwe ma grosbeaks amalumikizana awiriawiri, ndikupanga zisa zomwe zimawoneka ngati mbale yakuya zikuchitika mu Meyi-Juni.
Mbalame zimawakonzekeretsa pamitengo, ndikuziluka kuchokera kuzinthu zomangira zachilengedwe: nthambi zosakhazikika, mizu ndi nthambi, kuziphimba ndi tsitsi la akavalo ndi mapesi azitsamba kuti atonthozedwe. Chidebe cha anapiye chikakhala chokwanira, kuyikira mazira kumayamba, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala mazira asanu.
Amakhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso zachikasu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi zotsekemera komanso zopindika za buluu komanso zotuwa. Pa milungu iwiri yotsatira, makulitsidwe amapezeka, omwe nthawi zambiri amachitika chachikazi grosbeak.
Mkazi wake amamusamalira ndikubweretsa chakudya, ndipo atatha kuwonekera, akupitiliza kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mnzake, kudyetsa anawo chakudya chomera ndi tizilombo.
Pofika Julayi, anawo amakula kale, akuphunzira kuuluka ndikusiya chisa cha makolo nthawi yophukira isanayambike. Ngakhale kuti ma grosbeaks amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka khumi ndi zisanu, kuthengo amatha kufa kale kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi amakhala zaka zosapitirira zisanu.
