Mbalame yodabwitsa ya nkhuku
Mitundu ya mbalame zamtundu wa nkhuku zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yawo yambiri, kupezeka kwachilengedwe m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mbalameyi idzakongoletsa osati bwalo la ambuye okha, komanso zoo zilizonse zokhala ndi nthenga zowoneka zakunja komanso mbadwa zawo kuyambira nthawi zakale. Sizodabwitsa kuti kutanthauzira dzina la mbalameyo kuchokera ku Chirasha Chakale kumatanthauza "wachifumu".
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Kunja mbalame kukumbukira kwambiri za Turkey, pheasant, nkhuku zoweta kapena zinziri, zomwe amagwirizana nazo kwambiri. Partridge ndi grouse wakuda nawonso ndi am'banja lake. Kodi ndi mbalame zamtundu wanji, zomwe mungapeze mukufotokozera kwake. Avereji ya kukula kwa thupi, ngati nkhuku. Kumbuyo kwakumbuyo kumalumikizana bwino mumchira wawufupi, kutsikira pansi.
Khosi lalitali lokhala ndi nyanga zachikopa ngati zotuluka pofika pamutu. M'derali mulibe nthenga, motero zimakopa chidwi chake ndi khungu lake labuluu. Mlomo wokhotakhota ndi wamkati wokulirapo ndi ndevu zoterera pansi pake. Mapiko ang'onoang'ono ozungulira okhala ndi nthenga zowirira.
Guinea mbalame
Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri mu banja lachifumu, iliyonse mwanjira yapadera. Momwe mungasiyanitsire mbalame, zovala zawo zokongola komanso zodzikongoletsera zidzakuwuzani. Mbalame yodziwika bwino yotchedwa Guinea mbalameyi ndi yojambulidwa ndi maluwa ozungulira ngale; pa nthenga ina yakuda ya mbalame yotere, mutha kuwona madontho ambiri opepuka. Mitundu ya chubaty imakongoletsedwa ndi ma curls opindika ngati mawonekedwe, mbalame yamphongo imakhala ndi nthenga zazifupi pakhosi komanso nthenga zazitali pachifuwa.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbalame zodziwika bwino za ngale zimapezeka kuthengo, mitundu yambiri yoswana imadabwitsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kukhathamira kwake, kupezeka kwa ziphuphu ndi ndolo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana mu mbalame. Mitundu yambiri ndi mayina amasiyanitsa mbalame, zomwe zimatchedwa genephalus, atsekwe, kanga, nkhuku ya pharaonic.
Mu chithunzi mbalame mbalame
Mbalame yayikulu imalemera pafupifupi 1.5 mpaka 2 kg, pomwe akazi amakhala okulirapo pang'ono. Kuyambira zoweta, kukula kwake kwawonjezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi abale ake achilengedwe. Mbalame zokongola za mbalamezi zimachokera ku Africa komanso pachilumba cha Madagascar. M'nthawi zakale, adapita nawo ku Greece Yakale, kenako mbalame ija idawoneka ku Roma Yakale.
Kusintha kwanyengo kunakhudza ziweto zochepa zomwe sizinapulumuke. Kubwera kwachiwiri kwa mbalame ku Guinea kunachokera ku Guinea, mzaka za 15-17, chifukwa cha apaulendo aku Portugal omwe sanalole kuti mbalame yodabwitsa ife.
Kenako kukhazikika kwake kunayamba. M'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, mbalame zazikazi zosinthazi zasintha ndipo zakhala zikuswana mwakhama. Mitundu ya mbalame zamtchire zimakhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana: madera akumwera a Sahara adasankhidwa ndi mbalame zakutsogolo, Peninsula ya Somali, Kenya ndi Ethiopia adasankhidwa ndi mitundu ya ziwombankhanga.
Pachithunzicho, mbalame zakutchire
Russia idayamba kudziwana bwino ndi mbalame m'zaka za zana la 18. Poyamba ankasungidwa ngati zokongoletsa m'minda yachifumu yabwino komanso mabwalo. Pambuyo pake adayamba kuwaswana kuti azidya Nyama ya mbalame, mazira abwino. Mbalame ku Guinea ndizodzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi tizirombo: nyongolotsi, tizilombo ndi slugs.
Thandizani polimbana ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono ka mbatata ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Kuswana kwapakhomo kwakwaniritsa kutuluka kwatsopano Mitundu ya mbalame: Volga yoyera, zonona, Zagorsk yoyamwa ndi ena. Pofuna kusamutsa malo, anthu amtchire amasankha malo otentha ndi ouma: nkhalango zowuma zouma, nkhalango zotsika pang'ono, apolisi, masanje.
Mbalame sizitha kuyimirira komanso kuzizira, makamaka nyama zazing'ono. Sali amanyazi kwambiri, amalola anthu kutseka ndipo safulumira kuchoka, ngakhale atha kuthamanga mwachangu, ndikupanga liwiro. Amawuluka bwino, koma amayenda pafupipafupi. Tinyama tating'onoting'ono titha kuwuluka nthawi yoyamba, kuwonetsa mantha. Phokoso lililonse kwa iwo ndi mbendera yobisala.
Kumtchire, mbalame zazikazi zimakhala pagulu, momwe mbalame 10 mpaka 30 zimasonkhana. Mtsogoleri ndi wamwamuna wodziwa zambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu. Amamutsanzira ndikumutsatira. Mwa nyama, njoka zimasaka mbalame; Zothandizira, zazikulu zazikulu; mbalame zolusa, koma adani akulu pakati pa anthu ndiopha nyama zopanda nyama. Ubwino wa mazira a mbalame ndipo phindu la nyama yodyera lakhala likukopa anthu kuti azisaka.
Kuswana ndi kusunga mbalame kunyumba
Mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ikuluikulu, ndi mbalame zodziwika bwino zokha zomwe ndi zoweta. Nyama zabwino ndi mazira amtunduwu amayamikiridwa. Kupindulitsa kwa mbalame kumawonekeranso polimbana ndi tizirombo ta m'munda: nyongolotsi, nsabwe za m'masamba, Colorado kafadala, nkhono, slugs ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
MU kuswana mbalame chinthu chofunikira ndi kudzichepetsa, kuyanjana ndi alendo ena pabwalo la nkhuku. Opulumutsa amatha kusungidwa ndi nkhuku, chifukwa sizitsutsana.
Ngati mbalame zimakhala zowopsa, ndiye kuti zimayesera kunyamuka, chifukwa chake, kuti zizisungidwa m'miyambo, nthenga zowuluka pamapiko zimadulidwa masentimita 5-6. Mbalameyo imatha kudziimira payokha pakagwidwa agalu ndi amphaka, chifukwa chake kuyenda pabwalo ndikotetezeka kwa iwo.
Mbalameyi sichimayambitsa mavuto ambiri kwa alimi ndipo imabzalidwa bwino. Mtengo wa mtunduwo ukuwonetseredwa pakulimbana ndi matenda, kuthekera koswana m'makola komanso m'malo oyenda, malo otsekedwa.
Saopa nyengo yozizira yaying'ono, amayenda ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Muli Mbalame zoweta m'chipinda chowuma komanso chowunikira, komwe amabwerera pambuyo poyenda tsiku limodzi. Amakhala pamakona ndi nkhuku ndikupanga phokoso pamene alendo akuwoneka ngati alonda enieni.
Utuchi, peat, zometera matabwa kapena udzu wawung'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zofunda m'nyumba. Chophimbacho ndichokwera kwa 10-15 cm. Pansi pake imatsukidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti tipewe chinyezi ndi nkhungu, zomwe ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Kutentha kwa nyumba sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 15 ° C.
Mbalame zaku Africa
M'minda yam'nyumba muli Guinea mbalame ankachita m'misokomo ndi othamangitsa komanso omwa mowa. Pansi amapangidwa ndi malo otsetsereka osonkhanitsira mazira. Zitopazo zimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito matayala apadera. Banja la Kaisara limapangidwa ndi akazi 4 ndi 1 wamwamuna. Ndi bwino kubereketsa mbalame posakaniza kapena mothandizidwa ndi nkhuku zouluka.
Amayi a ku Guinea mbalame ndi amantha kotero kuti sangasamalire ana nthawi zonse: amasiya kuyamwa. Mutha kugula mbalame za mbalame kuchokera kwa alimi ambiri a nkhuku, popeza kufalitsa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri kwakhala bizinesi ya alimi komanso amalonda. Mtengo wa Guinea mbalame zimatengera dera, mtundu, zaka, momwe zimaperekera mbalame ndi zina.
Chakudya
Mu chakudya chakutchire nkhuku mbalame Zosiyanasiyana kwambiri: tizilombo timapanga maziko azakudya masika, kenako zimadzaza ndi mbewu, mbewu, masamba, masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso zina. Mbalame yachifumu sidzanyoza ngakhale mbewa zazing'ono. Ndikofunikira kuti dziwe liri mkati mwa mwayi wofikira.
Ngati malowa ndi ouma, ndiye kuti thupi la mbalameyo limasinthasintha ndikumvetsetsa madzi kuchokera ku chakudya. Mndende, mbalame zimadyetsedwa zinyalala, udzu wodulidwa, mbatata ndi kaloti. Mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa ndi mazira a nkhuku, kanyumba kanyumba ndi chinangwa zimawonjezeredwa, ndipo thanzi limalimbikitsidwa ndi mkaka ndi whey.
Mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku, ndipo achikulire mpaka kanayi. Kufunika kwa chakudya mu mbalame ndikokwera, popeza ali ndi metabolism yofulumira. Nthawi yomwe mbalame yaikazi kuthamanga, kuwonjezera zakudya ndi chakudya chama protein.
M'nyengo yotentha, iwo amapeza chakudya pakati pa zitsamba, m'minda momwe muli zipatso zambiri, m'madambo okhala ndi udzu wamtali. Zofunika kwambiri ndi dandelions ndi burdock. M'minda yaulimi, mbalame zimapeza tirigu ndi namsongole. Pambuyo poyenda bwino m'chilengedwe, mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kukana chakudya chamadzulo.
Pali zakudya zabwino, koma mbalame sizimakonda. Izi ndi barele, nsomba kapena nyama ndi fupa. Amatha kusakanizidwa pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, amadyera m'malo mwa udzu wouma ndi fumbi laudzu. Nthawi zonse mumasowa madzi oyera kapena matalala atsopano.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kutchire, nthawi yoswana ya mbalame yachifumu imagwera nyengo yadzuwa. choncho mbalame amawopa kuzizira ndi chinyezi. Atangolimba ndikukhwima, adzayamba kudzichepetsa pakusintha kwanyengo.
Pachithunzicho, mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi anapiye
Pali mazira okwana 8 mu clutch, omwe mkazi amawasirira masiku 25. Guinea mbalame yamphongo amamusamalira, amateteza chisa. Ngati pangakhale zoopsa, makolo onse awiri amayesa kukopa chidwi cha wolakwayo ndikuchotsa munthuyo kapena chinyama pachinyumbacho ndi ana amtsogolo.
Malo okhala chisa amasankhidwa pakati pa nkhalango, mdzenje lokumbidwa. Guinea mazira a mbalame lopangidwa ndi peyala, lokhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba kwambiri chomwe chimateteza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisalowe. Mitunduyo imakhala yofiirira mpaka buluu wonyezimira. Anthu amtchire amamangiriridwa kumalo omwewo kuti aikire mazira, pomwe owetedwa amataya izi.
Makulitsidwe kumatenga masabata 3-4. Anapiye omwe amawoneka okongola kwambiri: mitundu yambiri pansi ndi nthenga zowala zimakongoletsa anawo. Kukonda kwawo amayi awo kumatenga nthawi yayitali, kwa pafupifupi chaka chonse amamutsatira kapena amakhala pafupi.
Pachithunzicho, mazira a mbalame
Kukhoza kwa mbalame zazing'ono kusinthasintha chilengedwe komanso kukhala osadzikongoletsa pakudya kumalumikizidwa ndi moyo wawo wautali wazaka 10-11. Koma mbalame zoweta zimaweta nyama ndi mazira opatsa thanzi. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa moyo wawo mu ukapolo sikupitilira zaka 2-3.
