Mallard ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya abakha amtsinje, yomwe ndi ya Anseriformes (kapena lamellar-billed). Amawerengedwa kuti ndi kholo la mitundu yonse ya abakha owetedwa, ndipo lero ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri pakati pa mamembala ena omwe amapezeka m'zinyama.
Drake wa Mallard
Zofukula zamakono zamakono zasonyeza kuti kuswana bakha la mallard Anthu ochokera ku Aigupto wakale anali adakali pachibwenzi, choncho mbiri ya mbalamezi ndi yolemera kwambiri komanso imakhala yosangalatsa.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Bakha la Mallard ali ndi mawonekedwe olimba, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumafika masentimita 65. Mapiko a mapikowa amakhala pakati pa 80 cm mpaka mita imodzi, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala magalamu 650 mpaka kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka.
Drake wa Mallard amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa mitundu yokongola kwambiri pakati pa oimira ena onse pabanja lalikulu la bakha, ndipo ali ndi mutu ndi khosi la mdima wobiriwira wokhala ndi utoto "wachitsulo". Chifuwacho ndi bulauni-bulauni, kolayo ndi yoyera. Mbalame za amuna ndi akazi zimakhalanso ndi "galasi", lomwe limakhala molunjika pamapiko ndipo limadutsa mzere woyera pansipa.
Tangoyang'anani chithunzi cha mallard, kuti mumve za mawonekedwe a akazi ndi abambo. M'malo mwake, chaka chonse amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso "owoneka bwino", omwe amangochisiya pokhapokha nyengo yazanyengo.
Male mallard
Zilonda za mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala za lalanje, zokhala ndi zotupa zofiira. Mtundu waukulu mu nthenga za akazi ndi bulauni. Mwambiri, amawoneka ochepera komanso mawonekedwe kuposa ma drakes.
Mallard si mitundu yayikulu yokha yamtundu wa bakha, komanso yofala kwambiri. Malo ake ndi ochuluka kwambiri, ndipo amapezeka kumayiko onse kupatula ku Antarctica.
Mbalame mallardyomwe imakhala ku Middle East, North Africa, zilumba za Japan, Afghanistan, Iran, kum'mwera kwa mapiri a Himalaya, m'maboma ambiri aku China, ku Greenland, Iceland, New Zealand, North ndi South America, Hawaii, England ndi Scotland.
Ku Europe komanso kudera lalikulu la Russia, mallard imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Amakhazikika makamaka m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe komanso opangira (pakati pa nyanja, mitengo, maiwe ndi mitsinje), ndipo magombe awo ayenera kukhala okutidwa ndi mabango, popanda omwe oimira banja la bakha sangaganize zokhala mosangalala.
Ngati m'mphepete mwa dziwe mulibe miyala kapena miyala, mallard sadzakhazikika m'gawo lake. M'madera opanda madzi ozizira komanso m'malo osungira nyama, mbalamezi zimapezeka mchaka chonse, komwe nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa ndi odutsa komanso alendo wamba.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Bakha wa mallard, chibadwireni, amakhala m'dera lamadzi pomwe adabadwira. Pofika nyengo yophukira, nthawi zambiri amapanga maulendo apandege opita kumunda (obzalidwa ndi tirigu, mapira, phala, nandolo ndi tirigu wina) kuti akachite zokolola.
Oimira mbalamezi amathanso kupanga "mafinya" ausiku m'matumba ang'onoang'ono kuti apeze chakudya chatsopano. Amasunga nyama zakutchire onse limodzi ndi osochera awiriawiri kapena pagulu. Kuuluka kwa mbalame kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwake komanso phokoso lomwe mapiko ake amapanga.
Mbalamezi sizimakonda kumira, kukakamizidwa kubisala pansi pamadzi pokhapokha pakawoneka zoopsa kapena kuvulala. Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, amakonda kupita mwachangu komanso kutha, komabe, akamamuwopseza kapena kumuvulaza ndi mfuti yosaka, ayamba kuthamanga mwachangu, osunthika m'mbali mwa gombe.
Mawu a Mallard zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku "quack" wodziwika bwino (mwa akazi) kumamvekera bwino (mwa amuna). Bakha wa Mallard akhoza kugulidwa ndi onse omwe ali ndi minda, popeza mbalamezi zimalolera bwino nyengo yozizira m'malo opangidwa mwanzeru, komanso alenje, omwe nthawi zambiri amagula mallards kuti apitirize kugulitsa kapena kuwasaka.
Chakudya
Wamba ndi imvi mallard idyetsani makamaka nsomba zazing'ono, mwachangu, masamba osiyanasiyana am'madzi, algae ndi zakudya zina zofananira. M'chilimwe, amadya mphutsi za udzudzu, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakulimbitsa chilengedwe, makamaka kwa anthu.
Abakha a Mallard amathamangira pansi pamadzi posaka chakudya
Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimapanga "forays" kuminda yoyandikana nayo, kumadya buckwheat, mapira, phala, balere ndi chimanga china. Amathanso kukumba mwachindunji kuchokera pansi mitundu yonse yazomera za mbewu zomwe zimamera mozungulira matupi amadzi komanso m'mapiri oyandikira.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Mbalameyi imapanga zisa pakati penipeni pa zomera zobiriwira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo imadzipangira okha malo oti anthu ndi zamoyo zina zingawafike. Atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, ma mallard amakhala okonzeka kukwatira ndi kubereka. Pawiri amapangidwa molunjika m'dzinja, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi nthawi yozizira. Nthawi yoswana imadalira malo okhalamo, ndipo nthawi zambiri imayamba kuyambira mkatikati mwa masika mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Drake ndi wamkazi palimodzi akuchita nawo ntchito yomanga chisa, ndipo amayenera kukhala pafupi ndi madzi, ndipo ndimavuto ochepa, omwe pansi pake amakhala ndi zotsalira za zomera zowuma. Munthawi yonse yogona, drake amayang'anira chitetezo chachikazi ndi chisa, koma liti mallard mazira, achoka mnyumbayo kupita moult.
Mallard wamayi wokhala ndi anapiye
Pa clutch imodzi, mkazi amatha kubweretsa mazira asanu ndi atatu mpaka khumi ndi awiri, pomwe patatha mwezi umodzi, amayamba kuwonekera bakha zazing'ono... Kwenikweni patadutsa maola 10, mayi amatenga anawo kupita nawo kumadzi, ndipo pakatha miyezi iwiri anapiyewo amayamba moyo wawo wodziimira paokha. Kutchire, kutalika kwa moyo wa mallard ndi zaka 15 mpaka 20. Mndende, mbalame zimatha kukhala zaka 25 kapena kupitilira apo.
