Pafupifupi mwana aliyense ku funso: "Kodi mumadziwa nyama zakumpoto ziti?" mwa ena akuti - chisanu... Izi sizangochitika mwangozi, chifukwa mbalame yoyera yakhala ikufala kwambiri ku Eurasia ndi North America kotero kuti yakhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro zakumpoto. Amamuwonetsanso pamikanjo yamizinda yozungulira.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Owl Snowy
Kadzidzi wachipale chofewa, kapena monga ambiri amatchulira, kadzidzi woyera, ndi amtundu wa akadzidzi a ziwombankhanga, banja la akadzidzi a dongosolo la akadzidzi. Mbalameyi inalandira dzina lachiwiri chifukwa cha nthenga zake zoyera, zomwe zimapezeka paliponse m'thupi. M'magulu oyambilira, mtundu uwu udaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wina, koma akatswiri amakono a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti kadzidzi wachisanu ndimtundu wa akadzidzi.
Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha paleontological, kholo limodzi la akadzidzi onse lidakhalako zaka 80 miliyoni zapitazo. Mitundu ina, kuphatikiza ndi kadzidzi wachipale chofewa, idafalikira zaka 50 miliyoni munthu asanawonekere. Chimodzi mwamaumboni (koma osati chokhacho) chazakale zawo ndichakuti ndizofala kumayiko opatukana, ndipo zimawoneka chimodzimodzi, ngakhale kadzidzi sangawolokere kunyanja.
Kanema: Snowy Owl
Makhalidwe a akadzidzi onse ndi monga kuti alibe eyeballs, kotero maso ndi ofanana mu kapangidwe ka ma telescope. Maso sangayende, koma chisinthiko chimalipira kusowa uku ndikuyenda kwa mutu, komwe kumatha kutembenuza khosi (kukhala lolondola, madigiri 280 - 140 mbali iliyonse). Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi maso owoneka bwino kwambiri.
Kadzidzi alibe awiri, koma atatu awiriawiri a zikope, iliyonse yomwe imagwira ntchito yake. Wina amafunika kuphethira, winayo kuti ateteze maso akugona, winayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopukuta zamagalimoto kuti zinthu zizikhala zoyera.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: White Snowy Owl
Kadzidzi chisanu ndi chachikulu kwambiri motsutsana ndi mbalame zina zamtundu wina. Mapiko ake ndi mapiko a mita imodzi ndi theka. Kukula kwakukulu kodziwika kunafika masentimita 175. Ndizosangalatsa kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe akazi amakhala akulu kuposa amuna. Makamaka, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumakhala pakati pa masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, pomwe kukula kwamphongo kumakhala masentimita 65 okha. Kulemera kwa akazi kulinso kwakukulu - pafupifupi ma kilogalamu atatu. Amuna amalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri ndi theka.
Nthenga za Snowy Owl ndizolimba kwambiri komanso zotentha mokwanira. Ngakhale miyendo ili ndi nthenga zabwino zomwe zimawoneka ngati ubweya. Nthenga zazing'ono zimabisanso mlomo wa mbalameyi. Izi ndichifukwa choti amakhala m'malo ozizira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nthenga za kadzidzi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizitha kuuluka pafupifupi mwakachetechete. Chinanso ndichoti kadzidzi woyera amatulutsa ndikusintha kwa nyengo. Amayamba kutulutsa nthenga zake zakale kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndipo nthawi yachiwiri pachaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Mtundu, monga titha kumvetsetsa kuchokera ku dzina lachiwiri la mbalameyi, ndi yoyera. Zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi malo okhala ndi kadzidzi ku polar. Chifukwa chakuti imalumikizana ndi chipale chofewa, kadzidzi samakhalabe wosaoneka kwa adani ndi omwe akuwakonda. Mwasayansi, mtundu wotere womwe umafanana ndi mbiriyo umatchedwa patronizing. Pali mawanga akuda pa nthenga. Malo awo ndi osiyana ndi mbalame iliyonse, monga zolemba zala kwa anthu.
Mutu wa mbalameyo ndi wokulirapo komanso wozungulira, wokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono komanso pafupifupi osawoneka. Koma ndi kuchepa kwake, kadzidzi amamvetsera bwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kumva makoswe ngakhale atakhala patali kwambiri. Kadzidzi amakhulupirira kuti amamva bwino kuposa nthawi zinayi kuposa mphaka woweta. Maso ake ndi ozungulira, owala wachikaso. Palibe mipira ya diso, monga akadzidzi ena. Fluffy eyelashes amatha kusintha m'maso. Mlomo ndi wakuda, koma wosawoneka, chifukwa umabisa ndi nthenga. Kadzidzi alibe mano.
Chosangalatsa: mutu wa kadzidzi wachisanu ndimayendedwe kwambiri ndipo amatha kutembenuza osachepera madigiri 270. Izi zimathandiza kadzidzi kwambiri posaka.
Kodi kadzidzi wachisanu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbalame yachisanu
Mbalameyi ndi yomwe imakhala kumpoto chakumtunda, komanso m'madera onse awiri. Malo ake amakhala m'chigawo chachikulu cha Russia ndi Canada.
Anthu amapezeka pazilumba za Arctic Ocean, kuphatikiza:
- pa Novaya Zemlya;
- pa Svalbard;
- pachilumba cha Wrangel;
- ku Greenland.
M'malo mwake, kadzidzi pachipale chofewa amakhala ku Arctic konseko. M'mbuyomu, mbalame zimapezekanso ku Scandinavia, zomwe zimawoneka m'mawu achilatini a dzina la mbalameyi ya Nyctea scandiac. Koma tsopano ndi alendo osowa kwambiri kumeneko.
Mbalameyi imangoyendayenda. Ndiye kuti, imakhala ndi nthawi yozizira komanso yokometsera. Koma anthu ena amakonda kukhala m'malo azisaka nthawi yozizira. Nthawi yomweyo, amasankha madera omwe sanakutidwe kwambiri ndi ayezi kapena chipale chofewa. Akadzidzi achisanu amasuntha pakati pa nthawi yophukira, kenako amabwerera kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo. Nthawi zina, koma kawirikawiri, mbalame zimauluka kupita kumadera omwe amati ndi akumwera. Mwachitsanzo, akadzidzi achisanu awonedwa ku Khabarovsk Territory, Northern Japan ndi Peninsula yaku Korea.
Kadzidzi amasankha kukhazikika makamaka m'malo otseguka, nthawi zina pakati paphiri laling'ono lamapiri, chifukwa samauluka pamwamba pa 1000 mita pamwamba pamadzi. M'malo mwake, kadzidzi wachipale chofewa amayesetsa kupewa nkhalango, kumamatira kwambiri kumtunda ndi nkhalango. Izi ndichifukwa cha zovuta zakusaka m'malo okhala ndiudzu. Nthawi ya njala, zimachitika kuti mbalame zimauluka kupita kumidzi kukafunafuna chakudya, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Kodi kadzidzi wachisanu amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Snow owl in the tundra
Chipale chofewa chimadya nyama zambiri. Amangodya zanyama zokha ndipo samadyanso chomera chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri amadya makoswe osachepera anayi patsiku. Munthu wamkulu sangapeze zokwanira zochepa. M'chaka chimodzi, kadzidzi wamkulu amadya makoswe pafupifupi 1,600 onga mbewa, makamaka ndimu. Ziwombankhanga zimameza nyama zing'onozing'ono pomwepo, ndipo zisanadye nyama zambiri, zimawatengera kwa iwo, kenako nkuzikhadzula ndikudya zidutswazo padera. Kadzidzi amabwezanso ubweya ndi mafupa.
Kuphatikiza pa makoswe, chakudya cha kadzidzi ndi:
- hares;
- ma pikas;
- ermines ndi zina zolusa zazing'ono;
- nkhandwe zazing'onozing'ono;
- abakha ndi atsekwe ang'onoang'ono;
- magawo.
Zinthu zina kukhala zofanana, nthawi yotentha, kadzidzi woyera amakonda kudya makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri imasaka nyama zazikulu (kutengera kukula kwake) m'nyengo yozizira. Akadzidzi ambiri achisanu awonanso akudya nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, samanyoza zakufa m'nyengo yozizira.
Chosangalatsa: Kadzidzi wachipale chofewa amasaka pansi. Amakhala pamalo okwera ndipo amayang'ana. Powona nyamayo, imagubuduza mapiko ake mwamphamvu, kenako imawulukira kwa mbewa yamphongoyo ndikuigwira ndi zikhadabo zake. Koma nthawi zina kadzidzi wachisanu amagwiritsa ntchito njira ina posakira - pakutsika kotsika.
Ngati nyamayo imakhala yayikulu kuposa kadzidziyo kapena kukula kwake ndikofanana, ndiye kuti, ikuwuluka, imaluma mwa nyamayo ndipo imangomupachika mpaka wosiya kukana. Kenako mbalameyo imamenya mnzakeyo ndi mlomo wake. Umu ndimomwe zimachitikira kusaka kalulu.
Nthawi zambiri kusaka kumayambira madzulo, koma kadzidzi woyera sangatchedwe mbalame yomwe imayenda usiku kwambiri. Maulendo osaka amathanso kuchitika m'mawa kwambiri mutapuma nthawi yayitali. Mosiyana ndi akadzidzi ena, kadzidzi woyera sawopa konse kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Owl Northern Snowy Owl
Kawirikawiri kadzidzi woyera amakhala kutali ndi anthu, kotero si aliyense amene angathe kuziona. Mbalameyi, monga chilombo chilichonse cholimba, ili ndi chikhalidwe chake. Ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wolimba. Pafupifupi akadzidzi onse achisanu amakhala okha. Amapanga awiriawiri okha m'nyengo yoswana, ndipo panthawi imeneyi amachita zonse pamodzi.
Kadzidzi amatha kupanga mawu kuti azilankhulana komanso kuwopseza adani. Phokoso limakhala ngati kulira, kulira komanso nthawi zina kulira. Ziwombankhanga zimalankhulana nthawi yokhayokha, choncho nthawi zambiri zimakhala chete.
Nthawi zambiri kadzidzi amakhala moyo wake wonse m'maloto kapena kutsata nyama. Mbali yosangalatsa ya kadzidzi ku polar ndikuti imatha kukhala ndi moyo wosawoneka bwino. Akadzidzi otsalawo amasaka usiku wokha.
Kadzidzi amasakidwa ndi ndimu ndi makoswe ena onga mbewa. Powononga makoswe, akadzidzi achisanu amayang'anira kwambiri kuchuluka kwawo. Ubwino wa izi ndikuti mwanjira imeneyi amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga zachilengedwe. Chofunikira china chachilengedwe cha akadzidzi ndikuti ndiomwe amachititsa kuti mbalame zina za Trundra ziziyenda bwino.
Chochititsa chidwi: Akadzidzi achisanu samasaka pafupi ndi zisa zawo, pomwe amateteza mwamphamvu malo owazungulira mkati mwa kilomita imodzi. Mbalame zina, monga mbalame zam'madzi, zimadziwa izi ndipo zimakhazikika pafupi ndi kadzidzi kotero kuti zimasunganso zisa zawo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Anapiye a kadzidzi wachisanu
Popeza akadzidzi akumwera amakhala osungulumwa, alibe mtundu uliwonse wamakhalidwe awo. Munthawi yogona, amakhala ndi amuna okhaokha, koma nthawi zambiri amatha. Nyengo yokwatirana ya akadzidzi achisanu ili mkati mwa kasupe wa kalendala.
Monga chisonyezo chakugonana ndi chachikazi, champhongo chimamubweretsera chakudya, kumawuluka momuzungulira, kukupiza mapiko ake mwamphamvu, ndikuyenda pambali, chophwanyika. Nthawi zambiri mphatsoyo imakhala nyama yakulira. Kuti akope chachikazi, amathanso kukonza mipikisano yazionetsero, ikuyenda pamwamba pa mapiri, nthawi zina ikung'ung'uza mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Ngati mkaziyo avomereza, ndiye kuti banjali limayamba kusamalira ana amtsogolo, omwe amamanga chisa. Chisa ndi chosavuta. Imakhazikika panthaka yopanda kanthu, yomwe mbalame imatulutsa dzenje kapena kukhumudwa pang'ono ndi zikhadabo zake. Kuphatikiza apo, chisa chimatha kulumikizidwa ndi udzu wouma, zikopa za makoswe kapena nthenga zakale mpaka pansi. Kadzidzi nthawi zambiri amakhala pachisa pamalo ouma owuma. Pazilumbazi, zisa zimamangidwa m'mbali mwa matanthwe a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mazira a Owl sanaikidwe nthawi imodzi, koma nawonso. Dzira limodzi patsiku. Ngakhale kuti nthawi imeneyi imakhala yayitali kwambiri, imatha sabata lathunthu. Choncho, anapiye mu chisa chimodzi nthawi zonse amakhala osiyana mibadwo. Zazikazi zimakhalira mazira kwa mwezi wathunthu. Anapiye amaswa potengera mazira. Pa nthawi yokwanira, yamphongo imatenga udindo wodyetsa. Koma pambuyo pake, pakakhala anapiye ambiri, yaikazi imayamba kusaka. Nthawi zambiri mkazi amakhala m chisa ndipo amateteza anapiye ndi mazira kuti asalowerere nyama zolusa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'zaka zodyetsedwa bwino, anapiye pachisa chilichonse amatha kufikira 15. M'zaka zosapambana, pafupifupi theka la mazira amaikidwiratu, koma palinso nthawi zina pomwe ana sapezeka konse.
Nthaŵi zambiri matumba amatengedwa. Maso awo amatseguka pa tsiku la khumi. Kawirikawiri nthawi imodzimodziyo imakhala ndi imvi yofiirira, yomwe idzasinthidwe panthawi yoyamba. Amayamba kukwawa pachisa, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi ndi theka amayesa kunyamuka. Kutha msinkhu kwawo kumabwera mchaka chimodzi. Nthawi yonse ya kadzidzi wachisanu nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu. Mu ukapolo, kadzidzi amakhala zaka makumi atatu.
Adani achilengedwe a akadzidzi akumwera
Chithunzi: Kadzidzi wachisanu akuthawa
Popeza kadzidzi wachipale chofewa amawoneka ngati mbalame yayikulu kwambiri motsutsana ndi nzika zina za mtundawu, sizimenyedwa kawirikawiri. Komabe, kadzidzi woyera amakhalanso ndi adani, popeza anapiye ake amakhala pachiwopsezo kwa adani awo. Anapiye oswedwa nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndi nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe ku Arctic, ndipo nthawi zina ndi skuas. Ankhandwe a ku Arctic amakondanso kukwera muzisa kuti adye mazira a kadzidzi. Chifukwa chakuti nkhwangwa ndi ana awo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhandwe za ku Arctic, nkhandwe za ku Arctic zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mdani wamkulu wa kadzidzi woyera.
Nthawi zina kufa kwa anapiye kumachitika chifukwa cha nkhanza za achikulire. Anapiye akulu amatha kuwononga mng'ono, kenako ndikudya. Koma kudya anzawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosowa kwa iwo. Nthawi zambiri, akadzidzi ang'onoang'ono amafa ndi njala chifukwa anapiye okulirapo amachotsera makolo awo chakudya.
Zowononga sizisaka nkhuku zazikulu, koma ngati izi zichitika, kadzidzi amatambasula mapiko ake ndikuwopseza adani, kuwonetsa kuwukira konyenga. Nthawi zambiri, akadzidzi achisanu amatuluka kutali ndi adani, atamva kapena awona mdani wawo. Ngati zidachitika kuti kadzidzi wamkulu wagwidwa ndi nkhandwe yakutchire kapena nyama ina modzidzimutsa, ndiye kuti imangogwera chagada ndikumenyera mdaniyo ndi mawoko ake omata.
Mdani akaukira chisa cha kadzidzi, ndiye amayesetsa kutchinga njira yake pofuna kuteteza anapiye. Amapukutira mapiko ake kutsogolo kwa mkamwa mwa chilombo, nthawi ndi nthawi amawuluka kenako nkugwera, ndikuigwira ndi zikhadabo zake. Kawirikawiri njira zotere zimakhala zokwanira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Great Snowy Owl
Masiku ano, akadzidzi achisanu ndimitundu yosawerengeka. Ku North America, chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika ndi 53% kuyambira m'ma 1960. Pali zifukwa zokhulupirira kuti chithunzichi chikhoza kukhala chofanana ku Russia komanso kumpoto kwa Europe. Chodziwika bwino ndichakuti m'malo omwe amakhala nthawi zonse, mbalame zatsika kwambiri, ndipo zayamba kuchepa.
Mitunduyi ili ndi chiopsezo, koma mpaka pano saopsezedwa kuti atha, ndipo palibe njira zina zomwe zachitidwa kuteteza akadzidzi achisanu. Kuchuluka kwa zisa za mbalamezi ndi pafupifupi ma awiriawiri makumi asanu pamakilomita zana. Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi pafupifupi 28,000, zomwe ndizochulukirapo. Koma asayansi ena amaganiza kuti izi ndizochulukirapo, ndikuwonetsa kuti kadzidzi achisanu posachedwa alandila udindo wa Red Book.
Sizikudziwika bwinobwino chomwe chidapangitsa kuchepa kwa akadzidzi achisanu. Kusintha kwanyengo kumatha kutenga nawo gawo pazimenezi, chifukwa zimakhudza kukula kwa chakudya. Kuwonongeka kwina kwa anthu kumayambitsidwa ndi zochita za anthu. Zimachitika kuti chisanu amafera mumisampha. Misampha m'malo ambiri imasungidwa makamaka ndi osaka nyama. Nkhuntho zimamwaliranso ku North America zikagundana ndi magalimoto kapena mizere yamagetsi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/30/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 11:51
