Makhalidwe ndi malo okhalamo
Nkhungu - iyi ndi nyama yaying'ono (kuyambira masentimita angapo, nthawi zina - mpaka 1 decimeter), ya banja la ma shrews, yolemera magalamu khumi ndi awiri okha.
Monga tawonera chithunzi, nsonga kunja kumafanana ndi mbewa yakumunda, yosiyana ndi mphuno yocheperako, yofanana ndi chiboda, ndi mchira, nthawi zina wopitilira kukula kwa thupi lokha, ndi tsitsi lalifupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayo ili ndi maso ang'onoang'ono a mkanda, mano oyera, miyendo ikuluikulu yakumbuyo, tsitsi la velvety komanso bulauni yakuda, nthawi zina imakhala yakuda, mtundu. Pamwamba pamakhala mdima ndipo pansi pake pamakhala powalira. Nyamazo ndizofala kwambiri kumpoto kwa Europe ndipo ndizamtundu wazinyama zambiri.
Amakonda kukhazikika muzitsamba ndi zitsamba, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi paudzu. Nthawi zina, monga mbewa, amatha kukhazikika m'nyumba za anthu.
Kawiri wamba makamaka idakhazikika m'malo omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha. Nyamayo imatha kuwonedwa ili mumthunzi wa nkhalango zosakanikirana, pomwe imakonda malo achinyezi okutidwa ndi zinyalala zazomera.
Mphepete mwa Arctic ndi nzika ya Siberia ndi tundra, yomwe imapezekanso kumpoto kwenikweni kwa kontinenti yaku America. Nyama zimasungunuka kangapo pachaka (pamphambano zozizira komanso zotentha zakumpoto), ndikusintha ubweya wawo kukhala wowala komanso wandiweyani m'miyezi yachisanu kukhala ubweya wopyapyala wamalankhulidwe anzeru munthawi yabwino. Mtundu womwewo waubweyawo ndiwosangalatsa ndipo uli ndi mitundu itatu ya bulauni, yosiyana pakati pa kuwala mpaka imvi komanso mdima kwathunthu.
Chovala chachikulu, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 10, amapezeka kumpoto kwa Peninsula yaku Korea, Far East ndi China. Chiwerengero cha nyama iyi chikuchepa kwambiri, potengera momwe zinthu ziliri, njira zikutengedwa kuti zitetezedwe.
M'chithunzicho ndi chimphona chachikulu
Chaching'ono chaching'ono yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo imatha kutalika osapitirira 6 cm, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako. Amapezeka ku Caucasus, Kyrgyzstan ndi Siberia. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Chaching'ono kwambiri (pafupifupi 4 cm) ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, zomwe sizinachitike pachabe kuti zimawoneka ngati yaying'ono kwambiri yoyimira zinyama ku Russia.
Pachithunzicho, kagwere kakang'ono
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa opusa
Mosiyana ndi makoswe-mbewa, nsonga amatanthauza nyama zoyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, samakumba mink, koma amakhala m'nkhalango: padziko lapansi, lophimbidwa ndi masamba akugwa ndikufota, udzu wa chaka chatha.
M'nyengo yozizira, chinyama sichimangobisala, chifukwa chake, mukakhala kuti mukugwira ntchito, mutha kukumana nayo nyengo zonse. Akhunguwo amakhala osamala, ndipo moyo wake waukulu umapitilira usiku. Koma imatha kugwira ntchito zake nthawi ina iliyonse patsiku, makamaka imadzilimbitsa yokha maola ochepa dzuwa lisanalowe.
Amatha kupanga njira zokhotakhota panthaka yofewa, pansi pa chipale chofewa komanso zinyalala zamtchire, akuchita izi mothandizidwa ndi proboscis ndi miyendo. Nthawi zina, popita patsogolo, imagwiritsanso ntchito kuyenda kwa makoswe: ma moles, voles, mbewa.
Zing'onozing'ono shrew shrew amasiyana m'malingaliro osafunikira. Ndipo ziwalo zazikulu zomwe zimamuthandiza kukhala ndi moyo padziko lino lapansi ndikumverera kwakukhudza ndi kununkhiza. Kuphatikiza apo, usiku chida chapadera komanso chapadera, chomwe amapatsidwa mwachilengedwe, monga echolocation, chimamuthandiza kuyenda.
Kuwonjezeranso kofanana ndi mphamvu zina, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi zamoyo zina zambiri, kumathandiza kuti zisasowe mumdima pakati pa zimayambira za udzu ndi mizu yazomera.
Pofunafuna chomwe ikulakalaka, chombocho chimatulutsa mawu. Ndipo makutu a nyama, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, amalandila zizindikilo zofunikira poyankha, ndikupatsa chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza zomwe zikuzungulira dziko.
Chakudya
Nyamayo, ngakhale ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, imakhala yolimba kwambiri, imadya chakudya chowirikiza kawiri patsiku.
Ndipo amapeza chakudya, kukumba mwakhama kumtunda kwa nthaka, kuposa momwe aliri ndi vuto lakukwiyitsa kwambiri wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa. Koma ndibwino kuti musafulumire kukwiya ndi oyandikana nawo monga zikopa, chifukwa nyama zitha kuthandiza kuthana ndi tizirombo tambiri: mbozi, ma weevils, kafadala, dinani kachilomboka, May beetles, bere, slugs.
Kuphatikiza apo, wochenjera nthawi zambiri samakoka diso la munthu, chifukwa imagwira ntchito makamaka usiku, ikudzaza zinyalala. Chinyamachi chimadyetsa nyama zopanda mafupa zapansi panthaka: nkhono, millipedes, akangaude ndi mbozi zapadziko lapansi.
M'nkhalango zowirira, zodzaza ndi nyama zazing'ono, komwe amakhala, sizili zovuta kuti iye apeze chakudya nthawi yabwino. Komanso chowombelera chimatha kudya zitosi za mbalame, zovunda ndi mbewu za mbewu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala chakudya chawo m'nyengo yachisanu.
Mukamadya, nyama, nthawi zambiri imakhala pamapazi onse anayi, koma nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, ikamadya nyongolotsi kapena kafadala, imatha kugwiritsa ntchito miyendo yakutsogolo kuti igwire nyama yake.
Nthawi zambiri posaka china chodyedwa, wopikisanayo amakwera mitengo, kukwera thunthu, kumamatira kuzinthu zosakhazikika za khungwa ndi zikhasu zake kuti adye mazira a nisitere kapena njenjete za gypsy.
Kuti ipeze chakudya, chakupha chimatha kuwononga ngakhale nyama zazikulu kwambiri monga mbewa zazing'ono ndi achule poyerekeza ndi kukula kwake. Ndipo ngati chigonjetso chimawadya pafupifupi kwathunthu, kusiya zikopa ndi mafupa a omwe akuwakonda.
Achule ambiri amakhala nyama zikuluzikulu panthawi yopumula, ndipo chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, mafupa awo okha, omwe adatafunidwa bwino, amapezeka pansi m'nkhalangomo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yoswana ya ziweto imayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika, makamaka mu Marichi, ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Munthawi imeneyi, mayi shrew amatha kubereka ana angapo (kuyambira awiri mpaka anayi), iliyonse yomwe imawonjezera ana 3-9 kuchuluka kwa mitundu iyi ya tizilombo.
Mimba ya nyama imatenga pafupifupi milungu itatu kapena inayi. Ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa nthawi ya bere, akalulu amamanga chisa pakati pa mizu ya mitengo kapena miyala. Amamangira ana awo amtsogolo malo okhala ndi masamba ndi moss, kuti apindule ndi zofewa.
Zoyala zazing'ono zimakula mwachangu, ngakhale amabadwa akhungu komanso opanda thupi lotetezedwa, lamaliseche. Kwa milungu itatu yotsatira, kuyambira nthawi yobadwa, amadya mkaka wa m'mawere.
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, ana awonere anawo amatseguka, ndipo amayamba kuphimbidwa ndi tsitsi. Ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi 3-4 amatha kubala ana. Nyama zimakhala pafupifupi miyezi 18-23, koma panthawiyi zimatha kuchulukana kwambiri.
