Musk agwape, ichi ndi cholengedwa chachilendo chokhala ndi ziboda zomwe zatulutsa nthano zambiri ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ake - mano atali. Chifukwa cha zipsinjo zikukula kuchokera pachibwano chapamwamba, agwape akhala akuwoneka ngati vampire yemwe amamwa magazi a nyama zina.
M'nthawi zakale, anthu amamuwona ngati mzimu woipa, ndipo asatana adayesa kutulutsa mano ake ngati chikho. Dzinalo la gwape lotembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chi Greek limatanthauza "kunyamula musk". Kuwoneka kwa nswala za Musk adakopa akatswiri azachilengedwe kuyambira nthawi zakale, ndipo mpaka pano, ambiri ali okonzeka kugonjetsa makilomita zana m'mbali mwa mapiri kuti mumuwone ali moyo.
Chikhalidwe
Pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi la musk deer limafalitsidwa kumpoto kwa Russia. Malo okhala mitunduyo ndi mapiri a Altai, Sayan, mapiri a Eastern Siberia ndi Yakutia, Far East ndi Sakhalin. Gwape amakhala m'nkhalango zonse za m'dera lamapiri.
M'madera akumwera, mitunduyi imakhala m'malo ochepa ku Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, China, Korea, Nepal. Mbawalazi zimapezekanso ku India, pamapiri a Himalaya, koma zikuwonongedwa pano pakadali pano.
Tsoka lomwelo lidamugwera m'mapiri a Vietnam. Musk deer amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira pamapiri otsetsereka. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuzipeza pamtunda wa mamita 600-900, koma zimapezekanso mamita 3000 m'mapiri a Himalaya ndi Tibet.
Musk agwape samasamukira kawirikawiri, amakonda kukhala mdera lomwe lasankhidwa. Akazi achikazi ndi nswala zazaka zazing'ono zimakhala ndi gawo laling'ono, pomwe amuna akulu, opitilira zaka zitatu, amakhala mahekitala 30. nkhalango za taiga m'malo awo.
Amuna ndi akazi omwe amakwanitsa zaka zambiri amatsogoleredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndipo malo okhala amuna am'modzi zimadalira kuchuluka kwazimayi m'derali, komanso amuna ena. M'madera amphongo nthawi zambiri mumakhala wamkazi mmodzi kapena atatu.
Gwape wodzichepetsayu adazolowera moyo ngakhale m'nkhalango zakumpoto. Kusintha kwa kutentha kuchokera ku taiga yaku East Siberia ndikokwera kwambiri: kuyambira -50 mpaka +35 C⁰, komabe ma artiodactyls amakhalanso komweko.
Kuchokera ku banki yakumanja ya Siberia Yenisei kupita kunyanja ya Pacific, nthanda yamdima, yopanda malire imakula, magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu omwe ali mu lamba wonyezimira. Madera akuluakulu ndi zitunda, zokutidwa ndi nkhalango zowirira za mkungudza, mkungudza, spruce, sizowoloka.
Ndipo ndi njira zochepa zokhazokha pakati pa mitengo yakugwa zomwe zingathandize woyenda kupeza chikhomo. Nkhalango zowopsya, zozizira, zopanda kanthu, zodzaza ndi ndere ndi moss, zidasankhidwa ndi musk deer kunyumba kwawo.
Moyo
Ngakhale kuti nkhalango za taiga zikuoneka ngati zakuda kwambiri, mbawalazi zimakhala zotetezeka kumeneko. Kupatula apo, chilombo chosowa chitha kuzembera mwakachetechete. Ndizosatheka kuti chimbalangondo kapena nkhandwe yoyandikira iyandikire pafupi ndi musky Gwape musk agwape - kusweka kwa nthambi zomwe zathyoledwa kumchenjeza wozunzidwayo, ndipo adzafulumira kuchoka pamalopo.
Ngakhale mimbulu yolimba, ma lynx ndi Far Eastern marten nthawi zambiri samatha kugwira nswala zazing'onozi - zimatha kusintha mayendedwe mwadzidzidzi madigiri 90 ndikusokoneza mayendedwe ngati kalulu.
Pokhapokha m'masiku amphepo yamkuntho ndi mphepo, pamene nkhalango ikung'amba ndi kuthyola nthambi, gwape wa musk sangamve zodya zokwawa. Mbawalayo amakhala ndi mwayi wobisala ngati ali ndi nthawi yochitira patali.
Musk gwape sangathamange kwa nthawi yayitali, mwakuthupi thupi lake ndilotopetsa, koma kupuma pang'ono kumawonekera mwachangu kwambiri, nswala imayenera kuyima kuti ipumule, ndipo pamtunda wowongoka imatha kubisala ku lynx kapena wolimba wolimba.
Koma m'madera akumapiri, nyama zam'mimba zinapanga njira zawo zotetezera ku chizunzo. Amasokoneza njirayo, mphepo, ndikusiya malo omwe adani ake sangafikeko, ndikupita kumeneko panjira zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono.
Pamalo otetezeka, agwape akudikirira zoopsa. Zambiri zachilengedwe zimalola nyama zamtundu wa musk kuti zizilumpha kuchokera kumphepete, kupitilira chimanga chopapatiza, masentimita ochepa chabe.
Koma ngati mungadzipulumutse nokha kuchokera ku lynx kapena marten mwanjira imeneyi, ndiye kuti munthu akasaka nyama zam'mimba, izi zimawerengedwa ndi alenje odziwa zambiri, ndipo ngakhale agalu awo amayendetsa mwapadera malo osungira anthu kuti athe kudikirira nswala pamenepo.
Mtengo wa misk deer kwa anthu
NDI kusaka nyama zam'mimba kuyambira nthawi zakale. Ngati kale cholinga chake chinali kupeza chigaza chachilendo ndi mano, tsopano nyama ndiyofunika chitsuloyomwe imatulutsa musk.
M'chilengedwe mtsinje wa musk agwape Ndikofunikira kuti amuna azindikire gawo lawo ndikukopa akazi nthawi yamvula. Kuyambira kale, munthu wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito musk musk mankhwala ndi zodzikongoletsera.
Ngakhale Aarabu akale, asing'anga otchulidwa m'mabuku awo okhudza musk musk. Ku Roma ndi ku Greece, musk ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zofukiza. Kum'mawa, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera mankhwala a rheumatism, matenda amtima, kuwonjezera mphamvu.
Ku Ulaya zitsulo ikani ndege Siberia musk nswala m'makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera komanso mafuta onunkhiritsa. Ku China, mitundu yopitilira 400 ya mankhwala adapangidwa pamaziko a musk.
Nyama yamphongo yamphongo imayamba kutulutsa musk ali ndi zaka ziwiri, ndipo gland imagwira ntchito mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Ili pamunsi pamimba, pafupi ndi maliseche, zouma ndi kuphwanyidwa kukhala ufa zimabweretsa magalamu 30-50 a ufa.
Chakudya
Kukula kocheperako (osapitilira 1 mita m'litali ndi 80 cm kutalika) nyama zam'mimba zimangolemera kilogalamu 12-18 zokha. Gwape wamng'onoyu amadyetsa makamaka ma epiphyte ndi ndere zapadziko lapansi.
M'nyengo yozizira, izi ndi pafupifupi 95% yazakudya zam'mimba za musk. M'nyengo yotentha, imatha kusiyanitsa tebulo ndi masamba abuluu, maambulera ena, fir ndi singano zamkungudza, ferns. Mbawala, titero kunena kwake, asiye zipisi zikule mpaka nyengo yozizira yatsopano.
Pakudyetsa, imatha kukwera pamtengo wokonda mitengo, kudumpha nthambi ndikukwera mpaka kutalika kwa mita 3-4. Mosiyana ndi nyama zoweta, mphalapala zakutchire sizimadya chakudya kwathunthu, koma yesetsani kusonkhanitsa ndere pang'ono kuti malo odyetserako asungidwe. Gwape wa Muscovy sayenera kugawana chakudya ndi nyama zina, chifukwa chake chakudya chimakhala chokwanira nthawi zonse.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Moyo wa nkhandwe umasintha nthawi yayitali ikayamba. Mu Novembala-Disembala, amuna amayamba kuyambitsa malowa ndi zonunkhira zawo, amalemba mpaka 50 patsiku. Amagwiritsa ntchito zitunda pochita izi.
Amayesetsa kukulitsa gawo lawo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi oyandikana nawo. Polimbana ndi malo padzuwa, kutanthauza kuti wamkazi, agwape akumenya nkhondo zowopsa. Amuna awiri akakumana, poyamba amangoyenda pamtunda wa 6-7 mita, akuwonetsa zipsinjo zawo ndikukula ubweya wawo, motero amadzipatsa kudzidalira komanso kukula kwina.
Nthawi zambiri mbawala zazing'ono zimachoka m'derali. Zikakhala kuti magulu ankhondo ndi ofanana, kumenyanako kumayambira, komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mano akuthwa ndi ziboda. Mbawalayo samachita khama, amathyola mano awo ndipo amadzivulazana wina ndi mnzake pankhondoyi.
Ikakwerana, yaikazi imanyamula ana 1-2, omwe amabadwa mchilimwe ndipo amakula msinkhu miyezi 15-18. Nyamazi zimakhala zaka zisanu zokha. Ali mu ukapolo, zaka zawo zimakhala zaka 10-12.
Pakadali pano, ziwerengero za misk ku Russia zili ndi anthu pafupifupi 125 zikwi. Ngakhale m'masiku akale nyama za musk zidatsala pang'ono kutheratu, mitunduyi idapulumuka, ndipo tsopano ndi ya malonda. Chiwerengerocho chimayendetsedwa ndi minda yosaka ndipo ma vocha angapo amaperekedwa kuti awombere nyama zam'mimba m'malo osiyanasiyana mdziko muno.
