Hedgehog wamba - chithunzi chodziwika bwino
Chithunzi cha wokhala waminga m'nkhalango ndi steppes amadziwika bwino kwa aliyense. Kuchokera m'mabuku a ana, lingaliro la nyama yosalakwa komanso yopanda vuto, yomwe nthawi zambiri timakumana nayo m'malire a nkhalango ndi misewu yopondereza, imakhazikika. Chiyambi cha dzina la hedgehog wamba chimachokera ku Latin ndipo chimamasuliridwa kuti "chotchinga chaminga".
Makhalidwe ndi malo a hedgehog
Pali mitundu yopitilira 20 ya ma hedgehogs, koma ali m'njira zambiri zofananira ndikuzindikirika chifukwa cha zotumphukira zazitali pamutu wokulirapo wa hedgehog wapakati mpaka 20 cm. Maso amdima amakhala osangalatsa komanso owoneka bwino, koma sawona bwino. Koma mphamvu ya kununkhiza ndi kumva ndi yabwino kwambiri, ngakhale tinyanga tamphuno tonyowa tosalala komanso tayendedwe tating'ono.
Anthu ambiri molakwika amakhulupirira kuti nungu ndipo hedgehog - gulu la nyama ndi maubale am'banja. M'malo mwake, kufanana kwake kumanyenga, achibale a ma hedgehogs amakhala pakati pa timadontho, timitengo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ndi nyimbo. Nyama yofanana ndi Hedgehog zovala zometa - nthawi zonse si abale ake. Chifukwa chake, urchin yam'nyanja ndi nyama, osafanana ndi wokhala m'nkhalango, kupatula dzina.
Hedgehog ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pafupifupi kulemera kwake kwa nyama kumakhala pafupifupi 800 g, koma asanabadwe, imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 1200. Amuna amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya hedgehog ndiyofupikitsa kuposa yaikazi yakumbuyo; zala zisanu pa chilichonse zili ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Mchira wawung'ono mpaka masentimita atatu sulowoneka pansi pa malaya ngati ubweya wa nyama.
Masingano obiriwira a brownish mpaka 3 cm kukula kwake, mkati mwake. Pansi pa singano iliyonse pamakhala ulusi wa minofu womwe ungakweze ndikutsitsa. Amakula ndikugwa nthawi zambiri ngati singano 1-2 pa atatu pachaka. Palibe chovala chokwanira cha ubweya; chivundikirocho chimakonzedwa mwatsopano chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Odwala okha ndi omwe amagwetsa singano.
Chiwerengero cha singano mumodzi wamkulu wa hedgehog chimafika 5-6 zikwi, ndipo mu nyama yaying'ono - mpaka 3 zikwi minga. Tsitsi lofiira laling'ono pakati pa singano limabweranso, ndipo pamimba ndi pamutu ndi wandiweyani komanso wakuda kwambiri. Chovala chovala chaubweya chofiirira chimakhala chofala kwambiri, koma pakati pa ma hedgehogs pali mitundu yazitsulo zoyera komanso zowonekera.
Chodziwika bwino cha ma hedgehogs amadziwika kuti amapindika kukhala mpira ngati pangozi pangozi. Kukhoza kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi ntchito ya minofu ya annular, kutambasula zigawo zapamwamba za khungu.
Nyamazo zimatha kukhala mderali kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka chiwopsezocho chitadutsa. Singano zimakula mosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakonda kulumikizana mwamphamvu. Umenewu ndi mpira wosafikirika.
Zinyama hedgehogs amakhala m'makontinenti awiri okha: Eurasia ndi zigawo zakumpoto kwa Africa. Ngakhale kufanana kwa nyengo yaku Europe ndi North America, ma hedgehogs kulibeko, ngakhale zotsalira zakale zikuwonetsa kukhazikitsidwa kale.
Nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi mapiri, zigwa zaudzu, mitsinje yodzaza ndi madzi, zitunda, nthawi zina zipululu ndizo malo okhala nyama zaminga. Madera okhawo ndi ma conifers okha ndi omwe amapewa. Gawo lanu ma hedgehogs mdziko la nyama osayika, kukhala wekha, makamaka mdera lina, lomwe limafufuzidwa pafupipafupi posaka chakudya.
Ma Hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala kapena malo azachuma: m'malo opaka, minda yosiyidwa, kunja kwa mizinda ndi minda yambewu. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi moto wamnkhalango, nyengo yoipa kapena kusowa kwa chakudya.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa hedgehog
Ma Hedgehogs ndi nyama zoyenda usiku masana amabisala pakati pa masamba ndi zipatso za tchire, pakati pa mizu ya zomera. Sakonda kutentha, amabisala m'mayenje ozizira ozizira kapena zisa za udzu wouma, moss, masamba. Makulidwe anyumba yotere ndi yayikulupo pang'ono kuposa kukula kwa mwini, mpaka masentimita 20-25. Apa, nyama imasamalira ubweya waubweya pachifuwa ndi pamimba, ndikunyambita ndi lilime.
Zala zazitali zapakati zimathandiza kutsuka minga ngati kuli kotheka, zomwe zimateteza kuzilombo, koma kusonkhanitsa nkhupakupa ndi tiziromboti tina. Pakati pa akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, pali lingaliro la ola limodzi lomwe limatanthauza kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa pa ola limodzi loyenda m'nkhalango.
Kusamba kwa asidi kumathandiza kuchotsa tiziromboti, choncho ma hedgehogs amakonda "kusamba" m'maapulo ovunda kapena zipatso zina. Chokhudzana ndi khalidweli ndimalingaliro olakwika a hedgehog ngati wokonda apulo. Zokonda za nyama ndizosiyana.
Mumdima, kununkhira bwino kumathandiza, masomphenya ndi kumva zimathandizira. Zochita za nyamazi zikuwonetsa njira yomwe imafika makilomita atatu usiku. Miyendo yayifupi siyikulolani kuti musunthe mwachangu, koma masitepe ofulumira amanyamula ma hedgehogs mwachangu kukula kwake mwachangu mpaka 3 m / s. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hedgehogs ndi abwino kudumpha ndikusambira.
KU Kodi hedgehog ndi ya nyama yanji mwachilengedwe, aliyense amadziwa. Ndi wamtendere, koma ali ndi adani ambiri m'chilengedwe: mimbulu, nkhandwe, ferrets, martens, kite, akadzidzi, mamba. Mukakumana ndi mdani, hedgehog imadumphira kaye kanyama kanyama kuti igunde, kenako mpira wa singano umakhala linga losagonjetseka. Pobowola zala zake ndi pakamwa, woukirayo amataya chidwi ndi nyamayo ndipo achoka.
Koma pali njira zanzeru zopusitsira hedgehog yosavuta. Awo nyama zomwe zimadya ma hedgehogsali ndi luntha la chilombo. Kadzidzi wochenjera amaukira mwakachetechete ndipo amafuna kuti agwire nyamayo modzidzimutsa.
Masikelo olimba pamapazi a mbalame amateteza ku zisonga zobaya. Nkhandwe imanyengerera hedgehog kumadzi kapena kuponyera kuchokera kuphiri kupita mosungira. Atatsegula pamimba ndi pakamwa, nyama yosambira imakhala pachiwopsezo cha chilombo.
Mu duel hedgehog ndi njoka chilombo chopanda mantha chomwe chidzapambane. Kumugwira mchira ndikumapinda mpira, modekha amamukoka pansi pake. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ma hedgehogs samvera za ziphe zambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, magazi owopsa a mbozi kapena ma ladybird, poyizoni wa njuchi, cantharidin wa ntchentche zaku Spain samapweteketsa wokhalamo waminga, ngakhale ziphe ngati izi zimapha nyama zina.
Hydrocyanic acid, opium, arsenic kapena mercuric chloride imakhudza kwambiri ma hedgehogs. Pofika nthawi yophukira, nyamazo zimadzipezera mafuta kuti zizitha kugona. Mitundu ya ma hedgehogs omwe amakhala kumadera akumwera amakhalabe achangu chaka chonse.
Nthawi yobisalira imachitika pakabowo. Kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika ndipo kugunda kumatsikira kumenyedwa 20-60 pamphindi. Kudzuka kumachitika mchaka pamene mpweya umakhala wotentha pofika Epulo. Ngati mafuta ochepa samakhala ochepa, chiweto chitha kufa ndi njala.
Ma hedgehogs amadziwa madera awo ndipo amawateteza ku zovuta za abale awo. Akazi amakhala mpaka mahekitala 10 amderali, ndipo amuna - kawiri kuposa pamenepo. Kukhala kwawo kumawonetsedwa ndi mkokomo wa phokoso, zikumveka mofanana ndi kuyetsemula. Ziweto za ma hedgehogs zoyimba mluzu komanso zosachita chidwi ngati mbalame.
Mverani kumfula kwa hedgehog
Mverani kumveka kwa chikwapu
Chakudya cha Hedgehog
Zakudya za ma hedgehogs zimadalira chakudya cha nyama, chophatikizapo kafadala, mavuvu, ma chule, mbewa, zikopa, abuluzi. Wokhala waminga amasangalala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndipo mphutsi zawo, nkhono, slugs, zitha kuwononga chisa cha mbalame ndi mazira kapena anapiye oswedwa.
Mwambiri, kususuka ndi kudya zakudya zamagulu kumafotokozedwa ndi zomwe zimachitika komanso kufunika kosunga mafuta ochepa. Zinyama zamatenda a Hedgehog: mano 20 apamwamba ndi 16 otsika amathandizira kuthana ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera chakudya nyama kungakhale zipatso, kubzala zipatso.
Ma Hedgehogs makamaka amafunika chakudya atatuluka ku hibernation. Kuti zibwezeretse mphamvu, nyamayo imatha kudya 1/3 ya kulemera kwake usiku. Mu ukapolo, ma hedgehogs mofunitsitsa amadya nyama, mazira, mkate, ayisikilimu komanso oatmeal. Lingaliro la hedgehog monga wokonda kirimu wowawasa ndi mkaka ndichinyengo. Zakudya zoterezi zimatsutsana naye chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa lactose.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kwa hedgehog
Nyengo yakumasirana imayamba masika, pambuyo pobisala, kapena chilimwe. Amuna amamenyera akazi kudzera munkhondo zakomweko: amaluma, amaluma ndi singano ndikuwopsezana. Palibe miyambo yapadera, wopambana amapeza chachikazi mwa kununkhiza.
Pambuyo pokwatirana, kutenga pakati kumatha masiku 40 mpaka 56. Ana amatuluka kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinyama zinayi zonyamula zinyalala. Ana amabadwa opanda chochita, akhungu komanso amaliseche.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wakhanda wobadwa kumene wa hedgehog
Koma patadutsa maola ochepa, singano zoteteza zimawonekera pakhungu la pinki. Poyamba zimakhala zofewa, koma masana chivundikiro chaminga chimalimbitsa ndikukula. Kukula kwa ma hedgehogs ndikuti poyamba amakutidwa ndi malaya oteteza, kenako amaphunzira kupindika kukhala mpira, kenako amatsegula maso awo.
Mpaka mwezi umodzi, anawo amadya mkaka wa amayi. Mkazi wokhala ndi makanda amakhala m khola labisalapo lomwe limapangidwa ndi masamba ndi mitengo. Wina atapeza chisa, hedgehog imanyamula anawo kupita kumalo ena otetezeka. Ma Hedgehogs amayamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, koma pamapeto pake amasiya khola lawo kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Kukula msinkhu kumachitika miyezi 12.
Kutalika kwa ma hedgehogs m'chilengedwe ndikanthawi, zaka 3-5. Chifukwa chake chili m'gulu la zilombo zambiri. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala ndi moyo wautali, mpaka zaka 10-15. Koma nyama sizimasinthidwa kuti zizikhala kunyumba.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi usiku, phokoso komanso sizingatheke kuphunzitsa. Chifukwa chake, zokumana nazo zimalimbikitsa izi mpanda - osavomerezeka Ziweto. Ambiri amawona ma hedgehogs ngati nyama zopanda ntchito kwa anthu. Koma chinyama chiti ndi mphamba chilengedwe chimawaweruza, kuwakhazikitsa mowolowa manja padziko lonse lapansi.
