Aliyense wa ife kuyambira ali mwana amadziwa mbalame, chinthu chodabwitsa komanso chosiyana ndikumangokhalira kugogoda nkhuni. Woponda matabwa, ili, ili ndi dzina la nthenga iyi ndi ya banja lokonda nkhalango limodzi ndi ma twirls. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya nkhwangwa m'chilengedwe. Iliyonse ya mitunduyi ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma pali kufanana kwakukulu pakati pawo.
Makhalidwe achilengedwe
Chikhalidwe mbalame zimawonedwa pafupifupi kulikonse. Kupatula kokha ndi madera ozungulira, gawo la Australia ndi zisumbu zina zam'nyanja.
Mbalamezi zimangokhala. Amatha kusamukira kwina chifukwa chimodzi - kusowa chakudya. Atasamukira kumadera kwawo woponda nkhuni osabwezeredwa.
Mbalame zimayesetsa kukhala kutali ndi malo okhala anthu. Koma pali nthawi zina m'miyoyo yawo pamene chakudya chimachepa. Izi zimawakakamiza kukhazikika pafupi ndi munthuyo. Kupatula apo, komwe munthu amakhala, nthawi zonse pamakhala chakudya.
Tidakali aang'ono, timadziwa kuti nkhwangwa ndizomwe zimayendetsedwa bwino m'nkhalango. Tithokoze kuyesayesa kwa ogwira ntchito akuluakuluwa, tizilombo tambiri todwalitsa ndi mphutsi zawo zimawonongedwa tsiku lililonse, zomwe zikadabweretsa mavuto osaneneka m'minda yamatchire ndi dimba.
Kwa dzenje lawo, mbalame zodabwitsazi sizisankha mtengo wamoyo, koma mtengo womwe mulibe zizindikilo zamoyo. Mbalame zamatabwa zimasankha nkhalango zokhalamo chifukwa moyo wawo wonse umagwirizana kwambiri ndi mitengo.
Amakonda taiga, nkhalango zosakanikirana, ndi malo ena obiriwira. Pali mitundu ina ya nkhalango zomwe, chifukwa chosowa mtengo, zimatha kukhazikika mu nkhadze yayikulu.
Mitundu ina yamatabwa amakonda kukhala ku cacti
Mitengo yamatabwa yapansi ndipo musamve chisoni konse m'chigwa ndi m'chipululu. Phokoso lofananalo la nthenga lomwe limamveka paliponse likusonyeza kuti wopha matabwa akugwira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zokolola zambiri zidzapulumutsidwa.Imfa ya nkhalango, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha vuto la mphamba, njoka, marten, lynx ndi anthu, zitha kubweretsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakula kwambiri.
Ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kumadzaza ndimomwe zimakhalira m'malo obiriwira. Chifukwa chake, munthu ayenera kuteteza mbalamezi munjira iliyonse. Nthawi idzadutsa ndipo nkhalango yopulumutsidwa mwadongosolo ipulumutsa mitengo yambiri, chifukwa chilichonse padziko lapansi ndichachilengedwe komanso cholumikizidwa.
Woponda nkhuni pansi
Kufotokozera mbalame
Kutalika kwa mbalamezi kumafikira pafupifupi masentimita 25. Mbalamezo siziposa 100 g Koma pali zina zomwe sizili choncho. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa nkhwangwa yotchedwa Müllerian ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50, ndipo kulemera kwake ndikoposa magalamu 500. Pakati pawo pali oimira ang’onoang’ono, omwe kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndi mbalame ya hummingbird. Kutalika, mbalame zotere sizikula masentimita 8, ndipo zimalemera 7 g.
Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya thupi la nkhandweyo ndi mlomo wawo wolimba, womwe umadziwika kwambiri chifukwa chakuthwa kwake komanso kulimba kwake. Mitengo imawoneka m'mphuno mwa nthenga, zomwe ndi chitetezo chawo chodalirika ku tchipisi tomwe tikuuluka m'mitengo.
Chigaza chimakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe olimba. Amapulumutsa mbalame kuti zisachite mantha. Mapiko a nthenga amakhala ndi kutalika kwake. Chifukwa chakuthwa kwake ndi kocheperako, ogwiritsira mitengo amatha kuwuluka mosavuta pakati pa nkhalango zamitengo.
Pamiyendo yayifupi ya mbalameyi, zala zinayi zimawoneka, zomwe zimayendetsedwa molunjika mbali zosiyana. Kupatula kwake ndi mtundu wina wamatabwa otchedwa zala zitatu. Mothandizidwa ndi mapangidwe ake, ndizosavuta kuti mbalame ikhale yolimba pamtengo pogwira ntchito molimbika, komanso kuyenda nayo.
Nthenga za Woodpecker zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, makamaka mchira. Mtundu wake ndiwosiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, gawo lawo lakumtunda limapangidwa ndi mitundu yakuda kapena yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, pansi pake pamakhala mopepuka pang'ono (yoyera kapena imvi).
Mutu wa opala matabwa onse ndi wovala chipewa chofiirira chokongola. Ichi ndi china chosiyanitsa cha iwo. Palinso mitundu yotere yamatabwa, momwe mitundu ya golide, yobiriwira ndi yoyera imapambana muutoto.
Akazi ali ndi zosiyana pakati pa amuna. Kawirikawiri woponda matabwa Ndi wamwamuna. Mtundu wa akazi, mitundu yodekha yosalowerera ndale imakhalapo. Alibe chipewa chowala pamutu ndi mchira.
Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'chilengedwe woponda matabwa wamkulu. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 27, mbalameyo imalemera mpaka 100 g.Mtundu wa nthenga za mbalameyi ndi wakuda komanso woyera. Dera laling'ono kumbuyo kwa mutu komanso kumalo amchira wakumtunda, lojambulidwa ndi zofiira kapena pinki, limapangitsa nthenga kukhala zokongola kuposa abale ena onse.
Moyo
Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala zokha. Ndi nthawi yokhayokha pomwe amayesa kupanga awiriawiri. Pali opangira nkhuni, mwachitsanzo, ma acorn, omwe amakonda kukhala pagulu.
Ponena za mawu a mbalame, zimasiyana kutengera mitundu. Koma mokulira, ogwiritsira ntchito mitengo sakonda kupanga phokoso. Amalankhulana kudzera mumfuti womenyedwa ndi mbalame pamtengo. Phokoso lake limasintha kutengera mtundu wa nkhuni, chinyezi mlengalenga ndi zina zambiri.
Mverani kulira ndi kuimba kwa nkhwangwa
Mothandizidwa ndi izi, mbalame zimasiyanitsa madera awo komanso zimakopa chidwi cha amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Chifukwa chake, kugogoda kwamitengo yamitengo pamtengo kumawonetsa kuti nthawi yokomera mbalame yayamba.
Kuuluka kwa mbalame kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta. Ndi okhawo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito luso limeneli pafupipafupi. Kwenikweni, ali okhutira ndi kupalasa pakati pamitengo yoyima kwambiri ndikukwawa m'mbali mwa mitengo, yopuma ndi michira yolimba.
Kujambula ndi katsamba wobiriwira
Zowopsa sizikakamiza mbalame kubisala mwachangu pamalopo. Amasamukira mbali inayo ya mtengo ndikuwona modekha zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera pamenepo. Mtunda woyandikira kwambiri pakati pake ndi chilombocho ndiomwe umapangitsa mbalameyo kuuluka.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalame zamatabwa zimakhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Amawapeza m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yomwe imakonda kukhala mumitengo imadya chakudya kuchokera pansi pa khungwa lawo. Mbalameyi imachita izi mosamala kwambiri, ndimayesetsa kuwononga mtengo wokha momwe ndingathere.
Ndi mlomo wolimba, wogamula mitengo amatulutsa kabowo pakhunguyo, kenako ndi lilime lalitali kwambiri amatulutsa mbozi kuchokera pamenepo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kutalika kwa lilime la woponda nkhuni ndikofanana ndi milomo yake ingapo. Pa lilime lake pamakhala minga yapadera yomwe mbalameyi imamatira ku nyama yake.
Ino ncinzi cikonzya kumugwasya kuzyiba mbociyandika kucita oobo? Chilichonse ndichosavuta. Mbalameyi imamva bwino kwambiri. Wogamula mitengo amamva phokoso laling'ono pansi pa khungwa la mtengo. Mbalame zamatabwa zomwe zimakhala m'chigwa kapena m'chipululu zimayang'ana chakudya padziko lapansi.
Zokoma zomwe amakonda kwambiri nkhwangwa ndi kafadala, mbozi, mphutsi, agulugufe, nyerere, nyongolotsi. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chanyama chonsechi, amadya zakudya zamasamba. Nthawi zambiri, otema mitengo okhala kumadera ozizira amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wazakudya.
Zimasinthiratu kupezeka kwa tizilombo ndi mtedza, paini ndi mbewu za spruce. Pali nkhwangwa, yemwe amakonda kwambiri ndi acorns. Pali mitundu ya mbalamezi zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri kuti muzimwa madzi ake.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Woodpeckers imatha kuswana yokha kapena kawiri pachaka. Munthawi yonseyi, banjali limakhalabe lokhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi yokometsera mbalame imayamba mu February. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe kumenya kwawo mitengo kumamveka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, champhongo chimayesa kukopa chidwi chachikazi, ndipo awiri omwe apangidwa kale amateteza gawo lawo pogogoda.
Pokhala, okonda mitengo amasankha mabowo opangidwa ndi milomo yawo. Amayesetsa kuti asakhazikike m'nyumba ya wina. Mbalame zimasintha maenje awo chaka chilichonse. Maenje okumbidwa ndi odula mitengo amakondedwa ndi mbalame zina, zomwe zimakhala mosangalala kwambiri.
Ogwiritsira ntchito matabwa amatha pafupifupi masiku 7 kuti akonze nyumba zawo. Ponena za odula matabwa, amamva bwino m'mabowo okumba. Nthawi zambiri kuya kwawo kumafika 1 mita.
Mkazi amaikira mazira 2 mpaka 9 mnyumba yabwino. Nthawi yosakaniza imatha pafupifupi masiku 18. Pambuyo pake, anapiye abuluu, akhungu komanso opanda thandizo amabadwa, omwe makolo onse amasamalira pafupifupi milungu isanu.
Tidakali aang'ono, anapiye otetemera amakhala osusuka modabwitsa. Izi zimawapatsa mphamvu mwachangu. Anapiye amafunikira pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuti akhale olimba ndikuimirira papiko. Pambuyo pake, amatuluka mchisa ndikukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha pamodzi ndi achikulire. Nthawi ya mbalameyi ndi zaka 8-12.
Pachithunzicho, wokonda mitengo yakuda
Kusunga nkhwangwa mu ukapolo
Mitengo ya Woodpeckers sikuwoneka kawirikawiri ikamangidwa chifukwa kumakhala kovuta kuwapatsa chakudya chomwe amakonda. Kuti mbalameyo imve bwino komanso kuti ikhale yotakasuka, imafunika kanyumba kakang'ono kokhala ndi zomera, pansi pa khungwa momwe mungapezeko chakudya. Mbalameyi imatha kuvulaza ndi mlomo wake wolimba ngati mungachite nayo mosazindikira.
