Mkwiyo - nthumwi yowala ya okhala kunyanja. Nsomba yosangalatsayi ndi yovuta kuiphunzira, chifukwa mitundu yake yayikulu siyimayandama pamwamba pomwe, ndipo kuyiyang'ana pansi panyanja kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chapanikizika kwambiri. Komabe, anglers apeza kutchuka monga nsomba zamtengo wapatali.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Monkfish
Monkfish kapena anglerfish ndi nsomba zodya nyama kuchokera ku anglerfish. Cholembacho chimadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa chosawoneka bwino. Ndi dongosolo lalikulu, lomwe limaphatikizapo magawo asanu, mabanja 18, mitundu 78, ndi mitundu pafupifupi 358. Mitunduyi imafanana wina ndi mnzake morphologically komanso m'njira ya moyo, chifukwa chake chiwerengerocho sicholondola ndipo pali mikangano yokhudza omwe akuyimira.
Kanema: Monkfish
Monkfish amatchedwa nsomba ya ceratiform. Nsombazi zimasiyanitsidwa, choyambirira, ndi njira yawo yamoyo - amakhala mozama, pomwe anthu ambiri am'madzi satha kukhala chifukwa chazovuta zazikulu. Kuzama uku kumatha kufika mamita 5,000, zomwe zimapangitsa kuphunzira kwa nsombazi.
Komanso anglerfish amaphatikizidwa ndi izi:
- mtundu wobisa - wakuda, wakuda wakuda wopanda mawanga ndi mitundu ina;
- pambali pake nsombazo zimakhala zofewa pang'ono, ngakhale kuti zonse zimakhala ndi misozi;
- Nthawi zambiri khungu limaphimbidwa ndi zikwangwani zopangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi zophuka;
- machitidwe pachipumi ndi "ndodo yosodza" (mwa akazi okha). Ndi mthandizi wake, anglers agwire nsomba, amene amatenga njira nyama, kotero, amasambira kwa chilombo;
- akazi nthawi zonse amakhala okulirapo kuposa amuna;
- Nsomba zowotcha zimakhala ndi mano angapo ataliatali opangidwira kokha kuti agwire nyama - pamenepo, mano ndi osalimba, motero sangathe kutafuna kapena kuluma.
Mwachikhalidwe, mitundu yodziwika bwino ya monkfish imasiyanitsidwa:
- Angler waku America;
- wakuda wakuda angler;
- European anglerfish;
- Caspian ndi South African monkfish;
- monkfish yaku Far East ndi anglerfish yaku Japan.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Monkfish fish
Monkfish imasiyanasiyana wina ndi mnzake kutengera mtundu wake. Monkfish wamba waku Europe - nsomba yamalonda - imatha kutalika mpaka mita ziwiri, koma nthawi zambiri anthu amakhala osaposa mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika. Kulemera kwake kumatha kukhala makilogalamu 60.
Nsombayi imakhala ndi mamina oteteza ndipo ilibe mamba. Kuchuluka kwa khungu ndi madera a keratinized pakhungu kumalilola kuti lidzibise lokha ngati kupumula kwa nyanja. Maonekedwe a thupi m'malo awo achilengedwe amafanana ndi osunthika - amakongoletsedweratu kuchokera mbali. Chigoba chawo chosunthika ndi nsagwada yayikulu ndi gawo limodzi lodziwika kwambiri, pomwe nsomba imabisalira kumbuyo kwa pansi.
Nsombazo zikafika pamwamba kapena zikagwidwa chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kuthamanga, zimafufuma kukhala mawonekedwe a misozi. Chigaza chake chimawongola, maso ake amapita panja, nsagwada zake zapansi zimapita patsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa mawonekedwe ake kukhala owopsa kwambiri.
Mimbulu ya monkfish imapunduka ndipo imachitika ndikutsekera kumapeto kwake - "ndodo yosodza". Ndi iwo, akalulu amakhala ndi mwayi wosaka nyama zoopsa.
Chosangalatsa: Scion ya anglerfish imawala kwenikweni. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha tiziwalo timene timakhala ndi mabakiteriya a bioluminescent.
Anglers amasiyana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi jenda. Ndi akazi omwe amawoneka monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndipo ndi akazi omwe amapezeka pamalonda. Anglerfish yamphongo ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi iyo: kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 4, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi chidole.
Kodi angler amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Monkfish m'madzi
Anglers amapezeka m'malo awa:
- Nyanja ya Atlantic;
- Nyanja yaku Europe;
- Iceland;
- Nyanja ya Barents;
- Gulf ya ku Guinea;
- Nyanja Yakuda;
- Nyanja Kumpoto;
- Chingerezi cha Chingerezi;
- Nyanja ya Baltic.
Kutengera mtunduwo, amatha kukhala pakuya kwa 18 m kapena 5 mita zikwi. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya nsomba za angler (European) imakonda kukhazikika pansi penipeni pa nyanja, pomwe kuwala kwa dzuŵa sikugwa.
Kumeneko, angler amakhala gwero lokhalo lowala la nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimakodola. Anglers amakhala moyo wokhazikika ndipo nthawi zambiri amagona pansi, kuyesera kuti asawonekere momwe angathere. Sapanga chilichonse chothawa, samadzisankhira okha malo okhala.
Anglers sakonda kusambira. Mitundu ina ya monkfish imakhala ndi zipsepse zowoneka bwino zomwe zimakankhira pansi nsomba zikagona. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mothandizidwa ndi zipsepsezi nsombazi "zimayenda" pansi, zikudzikakamiza ndimayendedwe amchira.
Moyo wa anglers umadalira kuti ndi nyama zochepa komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, amafunika kukhala ndi thupi lolimba kuti azitha kukhala motakasuka m'malo opandaubwenzi. Chifukwa chake, ziwanda zam'madzi zimayang'ana kwambiri pakusunga mphamvu, chifukwa chake zimakhazikika m'malo omwe muyenera kusunthira pang'ono, komanso, kubisalira adani ndi zoopsa zina.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe monkfish imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi monkfish imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Monkfish
Monkfish yachikazi imakhala ndi kachitidwe kosaka kosaka. Zimaphatikizana ndikunyanjaku kudzera mumitundu yobisalira komanso zotupa zambiri pakhungu zomwe zimafanana ndi kupumula. Scion pamutu pawo imanyezimira ndi kuwala kobiriwirako komwe kumakopa nsomba zazing'ono. Nsombazi zikasambira pafupi ndi kuwalako, woponya mivi amayamba kuzitsogolera kukamwa. Kenako imachita phokoso lakuthwa, kumeza nyamayo yonse.
Chosangalatsa: Kapangidwe ka nsagwada kamalola kuti idye nyama yomwe imafikira kukula kwa anglerfish yomwe.
Nthawi zina monkfish imatha kupanga ma jerks ataliatali ngakhale kudumpha pansi, kukokera kwa wovulalayo. Amachita izi mothandizidwa ndi zipsepse zofananira, zomwe amapumira pansi atagona.
Zakudya za angler tsiku lililonse zimaphatikizapo:
- nsomba zosiyanasiyana - monga lamulo, cod, gerbils;
- cephalopods: octopus, squids, cuttlefish;
- nkhono, nkhanu, nkhanu;
- mbola;
- nsombazi zazing'ono;
- fulonda;
- pafupi ndi pamwamba, anglers amasaka hering'i ndi mackerel;
- Monkfish imatha kulimbana ndi ntchentche ndi mbalame zina zazing'ono zomwe zikuyandama pamafunde.
Monkfish silingafanane ndi kukula kwa nyamayo ndi mphamvu zawo; chibadwa sichimawalola kuti asiyire wovulalayo, ngakhale itakhala kuti siyikwanira pakamwa. Chifukwa chake, atagwira nyama yomwe wagwirawo m'mano mwake, woyimbayo amayesetsa kuyidya kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi zambiri, kukumana ndi squid ndi octopus ndizomvetsa chisoni kwa anglers, chifukwa nyama izi ndizoposa nsomba mwanzeru ndipo zimatha kuzemba kuukira kwake.
Chosangalatsa: Wotsegulira akatsegula pakamwa pake, amapanga kamphepo kakang'ono kamene kamakokera nyama kukamwa mwa monkfish limodzi ndi mtsinje wamadzi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Monkfish mu Nyanja Yakuda
Monkfish imakhala moyo wodekha. Zochita zawo zonse zimayang'ana kusaka ndi kudya chakudya chogwidwa, nthawi zina amatha kuyenda pansi, kufunafuna malo atsopano obisalira.
Mitundu ina ya nsomba zotchedwa angler imakhala m'malo osaya kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri nyanja zam'madzi zimakwera pamwamba pake. Pali zochitika pamene nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimasambira pamwamba pamadzi, ndikuwombana ndi mabwato ndi asodzi.
Monkfish amakhala okha. Akazi amatsutsana kwambiri, choncho kudya anzawo kumakhala kofala pamene munthu wamkulu akuukira ndikudya wocheperako. Chifukwa chake ma anglers ndi nsomba zam'madera omwe samangodutsa malire awo.
Kwa anthu, ziwanda zam'madzi sizowopsa, chifukwa nyama zazikulu kwambiri zimakhala pansi panyanja. Amatha kuluma chosambira, koma osawononga kwambiri, popeza nsagwada zawo ndizofooka ndipo mano awo osowa ndi osalimba. Anglers ndi cholinga chomeza nyama, koma sangathe kumeza munthu.
Chosangalatsa: Mwa mitundu ina ya monkfish, "ndodo yophera nsomba" siyopunduka yopindika, koma njira yomwe ili pakamwa.
Male monfishfish samasinthidwa kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Nthawi zambiri amakhala chakudya cha nsomba zina zakuya, ndipo iwonso amatha kudya nsomba zochepa komanso plankton.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Far Eastern monkfish
Male anglerfish amatha kuswana nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina - atangosiya mawonekedwe a tadpole; Amuna a European anglerfish amatha kumangobereka ali ndi zaka 14. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakula msinkhu wazaka 6.
European anglerfish imakhala ndi nthawi, koma mitundu yakuya kwambiri yamadzi siyimera konse. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamphongo imathira mazira omwe atsitsidwa kale ndi achikazi pamalo obalirako - mazirawo ndi matepi omatira omwe amakhala m'malo obisika. Ma Pisces samasamalira ana amtsogolo ndikuwasiyira tsogolo lawo.
Anglers akuya amchere amabala munjira ina. Moyo wawo wonse ngati wamwamuna ndikusaka mkazi. Amamuyang'ana ndi ma pheromones omwe amatulutsidwa kumapeto kwa dorsal fin. Mkazi akapezeka, anglerfish wamwamuna amayenera kusambira kupita kumbuyo kapena kumbuyo - kuti asamuzindikire. Akazi amakhala osadya chilichonse, choncho amatha kudya champhongo. Ngati wamwamuna amatha kusambira mpaka wamkazi, ndiye kuti amamatira thupi lake ndi mano ang'onoang'ono ndikumumatira mwamphamvu. Patangopita masiku ochepa, yamphongoyo imasakanikirana ndi thupi la mkaziyo, n’kukhala tiziromboti. Amampatsa zakudya, ndipo amamupatsa feteleza nthawi zonse.
Chosangalatsa: Nambala iliyonse yamphongo imatha kujowina thupi la mkazi.
Pakapita kanthawi, yamphongo pamapeto pake imasakanikirana nayo, ndikusandulika thumba. Iye sayambitsa mavuto kwa mkazi. Pafupifupi kamodzi pachaka, amaikira mazira omwe ali kale ndi umuna ndikusambira kutali ndi clutch. Ngati mwangozi agundananso m'manja mwake, ndiye kuti ali ndi mwayi woti adye ana ake amtsogolo.
Kuthekera kwakubadwa kwa amuna sikumakhala kopanda malire, chifukwa chake, amasintha kukhala keratinized pa thupi la mkazi, pamapeto pake amasiya kukhalapo. Mwachangu, kutuluka m'mazira, koyamba kuyandama pamwamba, komwe kumayenderera limodzi ndi plankton - amadyako. Kenako, kusiya mtundu wa kachilombo kofiira, amatsikira pansi ndikukhala ndi moyo wa monkfish. Zonsezi, ziwanda zam'nyanja zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 20, mitundu ina - mpaka 14-15.
Adani achilengedwe a monkfish
Chithunzi: Monkfish fish
Chifukwa cha voracity ndi nzeru zochepa, ma anglers nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi nyama, zomwe sangathe kuzipirira. Koma ambiri, si chidwi ndi zolusa m'madzi, choncho, ndi nyama yolandira mwangozi osati chinthu chofuna kusaka.
Nthawi zambiri, monkfish imagwidwa ndi:
- sikwidi. Nthawi zina ma angler amapezeka m'mimba mwa squid;
- octopus zazikulu;
- nsomba yayikulu ya chinjoka;
- chiguduli chimatha kumeza ngakhale anglerfish yayikulu;
- zimphona zazikulu zimadya mwana wamwamuna wamphongo;
- shaki wa goblin;
- mollusk wotchedwa "hellish vampire".
Kawirikawiri anthu amtundu wa monkfish amatayika m'mazira kapena misomali. Anapiye okhala pamwamba amadyedwa ndi anamgumi ndi nsomba zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi.
Mwambiri, ziwanda zilibe adani achilengedwe pazifukwa zingapo:
- abisala mwangwiro;
- alibe chakudya chambiri m'gulu la nsomba ndi zamoyo zam'madzi;
- kukhala mozama kwambiri;
- iwowo ali pamwamba pa mndandanda wazakudya m'malo awo achilengedwe - pansi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Anglerfish
European monkfish ndi nsomba zamalonda, zomwe zimagwidwa chaka chilichonse pafupifupi matani 30,000. Kuti agwire nsomba izi, amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde apadera akuya komanso ma longline apansi. Izi zikuchitika kwambiri ku England ndi France.
Anglers amatchedwa nsomba "mchira", ndiye kuti nyama yawo yonse imayikidwa mchira. Amakonda mosiyanasiyana ndipo amakhala ndi thanzi labwino.
American anglerfish ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha kusodza kofalikira - sichikhala pansi panyanja ndipo nthawi zambiri chimayandama pamwamba, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale nyama yosavuta. Chifukwa chake, ku England malonda a nyama angler amaletsedwa ndi Greenpeace, ngakhale kuti usodzi ukupitilirabe.
Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa moyo wawo, ziwanda zakhazikika mu chakudya cha nyama zakuya zam'madzi. Koma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amachitidwe awo, ma angler sangathe kuzimiririka kunyumba, zomwe zimapanganso kafukufuku wawo.
Chosangalatsa: Nyama ya monkfish imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino. Amagulitsidwa okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo samapezeka kawirikawiri m'mashelufu am'masitolo; m'malesitilanti, amawotcha, koma amangodyera mchira wokha.
Chifukwa chakukhala kwakanthawi kwambiri panyanja komanso kukhala pansi, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zam'madzi kumakhala kovuta kuwerengera. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti European anglerfish ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya monkfish sichiri pangozi yotha.
Mkwiyo Ndi zolengedwa zapadera komanso zosafufuzidwa pang'ono. Ngakhale kuphunzira kwawo kuli kovuta, ndipo pali kutsutsana kosalekeza pankhani yamagulu a subspecies. Nsomba zakuya panyanja zimabisa zinsinsi zina zambiri zomwe sizinawululidwe pakapita nthawi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/16/2019
Idasinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 20:46
