Ural ndi dera lomwe mapiri amapezeka, ndipo apa pamadutsa malire pakati pa Asia ndi Europe. Kum'mwera kwa dera lino, Mtsinje wa Ural umadutsa mu Nyanja ya Caspian. Pali malo achilengedwe okongola, komabe, chifukwa cha zochitika zapadera, dziko la zomera ndi zinyama lili pachiwopsezo. Mavuto azachilengedwe a Urals adawonekera chifukwa cha ntchito za mafakitale ngati awa:
- mankhwala amtengo;
- mafuta;
- zitsulo;
- zomangamanga;
- mphamvu yamagetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, izi zikuwonjezereka chifukwa choti mabizinesi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zachikale.
Kuwonongeka kwa mlengalenga
Monga madera ambiri mdziko muno, dera la Urals lili ndi mpweya woipa kwambiri, womwe umayambitsidwa ndi mpweya woipa. Pafupifupi 10% ya mpweya wam'mlengalenga umapangidwa ndi Chomera cha Magnitogorsk Metallurgical. Chomera chamagetsi cha Reftinskaya chimaipitsanso mpweya. Makampani opanga mafuta amapanga zopereka zawo, amatulutsa pafupifupi matani zikwi zana za zinthu zomwe zimalowa mumlengalenga pachaka.
Kuwonongeka kwa hydrosphere ndi lithosphere
Limodzi mwa mavuto am'mitsinje ndi kuipitsa madzi ndi nthaka. Mabizinesi amakampani nawonso amathandizira izi. Zitsulo zolemera komanso mafuta otayidwa amalowa m'madzi ndi nthaka. Mkhalidwe wamadzi m'derali ndiwosakhutiritsa, chifukwa chake 1/5 yokha yamapaipi amadzi a Ural ndi omwe amayeretsa kwathunthu madzi akumwa. 20% yokha yamadzi amchigawochi ndioyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, pali vuto linanso mderali: kuchuluka kwa anthu sikumapatsidwa madzi ndi zimbudzi.
Makampani opanga migodi amathandizira pakusokoneza zigawo za dziko lapansi. Mitundu ina yamalo awonongedwa. Zimawerengedwanso kuti ndizovuta kuti mchere umapezeka pafupifupi m'matawuni, chifukwa chake malowo amakhala opanda kanthu, osayenerera moyo ndi ulimi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma voids amapangidwa ndipo pali ngozi yazivomezi.
Mavuto ena azachilengedwe a Urals
Mavuto enieni am'derali ndi awa:
- Kuwononga mankhwala komwe kumachokera ku zida zamankhwala zomwe zimasungidwa pamenepo;
- chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa zida za nyukiliya chimachokera ku zovuta zomwe zikugwira ntchito ndi plutonium - "Mayak";
- zinyalala za m'mafakitale, zomwe zapeza matani pafupifupi 20 biliyoni, zikuwononga chilengedwe.
Chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe, mizinda yambiri mderali ikukhala yovuta kukhala. Izi ndi Magnitogorsk ndi Kamensk-Uralsky, Karabash ndi Nizhny Tagil, Yekaterinburg ndi Kurgan, Ufa ndi Chelyabinsk, komanso madera ena a dera la Ural.
Njira zothetsera mavuto azachilengedwe a Urals
Chaka chilichonse zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi lapansi, komanso Urals makamaka, zikuipiraipira "pamaso pathu". Chifukwa cha migodi yokhazikika, zochitika za anthu ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa, mpweya wapadziko lapansi, ma hydrosphere ndi nthaka yapansi zili m'malo ovuta. Koma pali njira zothetsera vutoli, ndipo mabungwe aboma ndi osankhidwa pagulu akutenga njira zoyenera.
Lero pali zovuta zambiri zachilengedwe mu Urals zomwe zingathetsedwe mwachangu komanso pa bajeti. Chifukwa chake, malo osavomerezeka akuyenera kukonzedwa mokwanira. Njira zazikulu zothetsera mavuto ndi izi:
- kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zapanyumba ndi zamakampani - choipitsa chachikulu cha chilengedwe chikadali pulasitiki, yankho lothandiza kwambiri ndikusinthira pamapepala;
- kusamalira madzi akuda - kukonza madzi akuchulukirachulukira, ndikokwanira kukhazikitsa malo oyenera othandizira;
- kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi oyera - kugwiritsa ntchito gasi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo. Choyamba, izi zidzalola kuyeretsa mlengalenga, ndipo chachiwiri, kusiya mphamvu za nyukiliya, chifukwa, kuchokera munjira zogwiritsira ntchito malasha ndi mafuta.
Mosakayikira, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa zomera m'chigawochi, kuvomereza malamulo okhwima okhudzana ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe, kuchepetsa (kugawa molondola) mayendedwe m'mitsinje ndikuwonetsetsa kuti "jekeseni" wazachuma mderali. Makampani ambiri ogulitsa mafakitale sataya bwino zinyalala zopanga. M'tsogolomu, mafakitale omwe amamangidwa bwino omwe amakonza mitundu yonse yazinthu zopangira zopanda pake zithandizira kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe kukhala zabwinoko.
