Saigas (lat. Saiga tatarica) ali m'gulu la nyama zakutchire zochokera kubanja la ng'ombe, zakale kwambiri kotero kuti ziweto zawo zimadya ndi mammoth. Lero pali mitundu iwiri yaying'ono Saiga tatarica tatarica (green saiga) ndi Saiga tatarica mongolica (saiga wofiira).
Komanso pakati pa anthu nyamazi zimatchedwa margach ndi kumpoto kwa antelope. Pakadali pano, mtundu uwu ukutetezedwa mwamphamvu, popeza watsala pang'ono kutha.
Ena steppe anthu ankaona nyama kuyera. Mutu wolumikizana kwambiri pakati pa nyama izi ndi anthu ukuwululidwa munkhani ya wolemba Ahmedkhan Abu-Bakar "White Saiga".
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Nyama imeneyi siyokongola kwenikweni. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakugwirani nthawi yomweyo ngati mutayang'ana chithunzi cha saiga - mphuno yawo yovuta komanso yolimba yomwe ili ndi mphuno zowongoka. Kapangidwe kake ka mphuno kamalola osati kutentha kokha m'nyengo yozizira, komanso kumasunga fumbi nthawi yotentha.
Kuphatikiza pamutu wobisala, saiga ili ndi thupi lopindika, lolimba mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika ndi yopyapyala, miyendo yayitali, yomwe, monga nyama zonse zokhotakhota, imatha ndi zala ziwiri ndi ziboda.
Kutalika kwa nyama kumafota mpaka 80 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira 40 kg. Mtundu wa nyama umasintha malinga ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, chovalacho chimakhala cholimba komanso chofunda, chopepuka, chokhala ndi utoto wofiyira, ndipo nthawi yotentha chimakhala chofiyira, chakuda kumbuyo.
Mutu wamphongo udavala korona wonyezimira, wachikaso choyera, nyanga zooneka ngati zingwe mpaka 30 cm. nyanga ya saiga kuyamba pafupifupi atabadwa ng'ombe. Zinali nyanga izi zomwe zidapangitsa kutha kwa mitundu iyi.
Zowonadi, mzaka za m'ma 90 zapitazo, nyanga za saiga zidagulidwa pamsika wakuda, mtengo wawo udali wokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, osaka nyama mozemba adawapha ndi makumi khumi. Masiku ano saigas amakhala ku Uzbekistan ndi Turkmenistan, madera a Kazakhstan ndi Mongolia. M'dera angapezeke mu Kalmykia ndi dera Astrakhan.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Komwe kumakhala saiga, kuyenera kukhala kowuma komanso kokulirapo. Abwino steppe kapena theka-chipululu. Zomera m'malo omwe zimakhala zimakhala zosowa, choncho amayenera kuyendayenda nthawi zonse kufunafuna chakudya.
Koma ziweto zimakonda kukhala kutali ndi minda yofesedwa, chifukwa cha malo osagwirizana sangathe kuthamanga mwachangu. Amatha kusokoneza mbewu zaulimi mchaka chouma kwambiri, ndipo, mosiyana ndi nkhosa, sapondereza mbewu. Samakondanso mapiri.
Saiga nyamaamene amakhala m'gulu. Maso okongola modabwitsa ndi kusamuka kwa gulu lankhondo lomwe lili ndi mitu masauzande ambiri. Monga mtsinje, iwo amafalikira pansi. Ndipo izi ndichifukwa cha mtundu wa kuthamanga kwa antelope - amble.
Maulendo amatha kuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali liwiro la 70 km / h. Ndipo iyi imayandama antelope saiga chabwino, pali milandu ya nyama kuwoloka mitsinje yotakata, mwachitsanzo Volga. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nyamayo imadumpha mozungulira ikamathamanga.
Kutengera ndi nyengo, amapita kumwera nyengo yachisanu ikayandikira ndipo chisanu choyamba chimagwa. Kusamuka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopanda nsembe. Pofuna kuthawa mphepo yamkuntho yamkuntho, gululo limatha kuyenda mpaka makilomita 200 osayima tsiku limodzi.
Ofooka ndi odwala amangotopa ndipo, atagwa, amatha. Akasiya, amataya ziweto zawo. M'nyengo yotentha, gulu la ziweto limasamukira kumpoto, komwe udzu umakhala wabwino kwambiri komanso madzi akumwa okwanira.
Ana a antelopes amenewa amabadwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yamasika, ndipo asanabadwe, saiga amabwera m'malo ena. Ngati nyengo siili yabwino kwa nyama, imayamba kusamuka, kenako makanda amatha kuwonedwa m'gululi.
Amayi amasiya ana awo okha m'chigwa, amabwera kawiri patsiku kudzawadyetsa
Ali ndi zaka za masiku 3-4 ndipo akulemera mpaka 4 kg, amaseka amayi awo poyesa kuwatsata. Nyama zimenezi zimagwira ntchito masana ndipo zimagona usiku. Nyama zingathe kuthawa mdani wawo wamkulu, nkhandwe, pokhapokha atathamanga mwachangu.
Zakudya za Saiga
Mu nyengo zosiyanasiyana, gulu la saigas limatha kudyetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera, zina zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kuzilombo zina. Mphukira yowutsa mudyo, tirigu wa tirigu ndi chowawa, quinoa ndi saltwort, mitundu pafupifupi zana yokha yazomera imaphatikizidwa pachakudya cha margach nthawi yotentha.
Kudya zomera zokoma, antelope amathetsa vuto lawo ndi madzi ndipo amatha kukhala opanda kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimadya matalala m'malo mwa madzi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yokwanira ya saigas imagwera kumapeto kwa Novembala-koyambirira kwa Disembala. Pothamangitsa, amuna onse amafuna kupanga "harem" kuchokera kuzimayi momwe zingathere. Kukula msinkhu mwa akazi kumathamanga kwambiri kuposa amuna. Kale mchaka choyamba cha moyo, ali okonzeka kubweretsa ana.
Munthawi yamakedzana, madzi ofiira okhala ndi fungo lokanika, losasangalatsa amatuluka m'matope omwe ali pafupi ndi maso. Ndi chifukwa cha "fungo" ili kuti amuna amamverana ngakhale usiku.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ndewu zowopsa pakati pa amuna awiri, kuthamangitsana, zimawombana pamphumi ndi nyanga, mpaka m'modzi mwa otsutsanawo atagonjetsedwa.
Pankhondo ngati izi, nyama nthawi zambiri zimapweteka kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kufa pambuyo pake. Wopambanayo amatenga akazi ake omwe amawakonda kupita nawo kunyumba. Nthawi yolanda imatha pafupifupi masiku 10.
Ng'ombe yamphongo yamphamvu komanso yathanzi imakhala ndi akazi okwanira 50, ndipo kumapeto kwa kasupe iliyonse imakhala ndi mwana wamkazi mmodzi (wamkazi wachichepere) mpaka ana atatu a saiga. Ntchito isanayambe, akazi amapita ku chipululu, kutali ndi dzenje lothirira. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodzitchinjiriza ndi ana anu kwa adani.
Kwa masiku angapo oyamba, mwana wang'ombe samayenda komanso kugona, atagwada pansi. Ubweya wake umasakanikirana ndi nthaka. Ndi kangapo patsiku pomwe mayi amabwera kwa mwana wake kudzamudyetsa mkaka, ndipo nthawi yonseyi amangodyera pafupi.
Ngakhale kuti mwana wakeyo alibe mphamvu, amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndipo amakhala nyama yolandidwa ndi nkhandwe, mimbulu, komanso agalu olusa. Koma pambuyo pa masiku 7-10, saiga wachichepereyo amayamba kutsatira amayi ake zidendene, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri amatha kuthamanga kwambiri ngati achikulire.
Pafupifupi, mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ma saigas amakhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo ali mu ukapolo, moyo wawo umatha zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
Ziribe kanthu kuti mitundu iyi ya artiodactyls ndi yakale bwanji, siyenera kutayika. Mpaka pano, njira zonse zatetezedwa kuti zisunge madera aku Russia ndi Kazakhstan. Zosungidwa ndi malo opangirako analengedwa, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuteteza nyama zoyambirirazo kuti zidzakhale m'tsogolo.
Ndipo zochitika zokhazokha za anthu osaka nyama omwe amayankha pempho logula nyanga za saiga, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu pachaka. China ikupitilizabe kugula nyanga saiga, mtengo pomwe amapita, ndipo zilibe kanthu ngati ndi nyanga zakale, kapena zatsopano, kuchokera ku nyama yolamulidwa kumene.
Zimakhudzana ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe. Amakhulupirira kuti ufa wopangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo umachiritsa matenda ambiri a chiwindi ndi m'mimba, sitiroko, ndipo ngakhale amatha kutulutsa munthu chikomokere.
Malingana ngati pakufunika, padzakhala omwe akufuna kupindula ndi nyama zoseketsa izi. Ndipo izi zidzatsogolera ku kutha kwathunthu kwa antelope, chifukwa muyenera kutenga mpaka magalamu atatu a ufa kuchokera ku nyanga.
