Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nyenyezi
Pa kutchulidwa mbalame zikudyera ambiri amakumbukira ubwana wawo ndi unyamata wawo, momwe amapangira nyumba za mbalame, zomwe zinkatchedwa nyumba zambalame.
Pachithunzichi pali nyenyezi ya ametusito
Ngakhale ali mwana, ambiri sanaganize za izi, komabe, mayanjano oterowo amapezeka ambiri. Tsoka ilo, si anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokhudza moyo wa mbalame yodabwitsayi, ena samayerekezeranso momwe ziwombankhanga zimawonekera, koma izi zitha kukhazikika poyang'ana chithunzi cha nyenyezi ndipo mutawerenga zochepa zokhudza moyo wa mbalamezi.
Choyamba, ndikufuna kudziwa izi nyenyezi ndi wa banja lokhala ndi nyenyezi ndipo ndiamtundu wapaulendo. Starlings ndi mbalame zapakatikati. Kutalika kwa thupi kuli pafupifupi masentimita 20, mapiko amafikira masentimita 13 m'litali, mchira kutalika kwake kufika masentimita 6.
Pouluka, mapiko ake nthawi zina amafika pafupifupi masentimita 40. Ndi kamphindi kakang'ono chonchi, mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 75. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, mbalameyi imakopa chidwi.
Mtundu wa nyenyezi zimasiyanasiyana ndi msinkhu ndi nyengo.
Mtundu wa mbalamezi ndiwosangalatsanso, popeza kutengera msinkhu ndi nyengo ya mbalameyo, komanso mawonekedwe azakugonana, zitha kukhala zosiyana. Starlings nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthenga zakuda zokhala ndi mawonekedwe azitsulo. Koma palinso tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi nyemba zobiriwira, zamtambo, zofiirira kapena zamkuwa.
Mu kasupe, amakhala ndi nyengo yosungunuka, yomwe imasintha kwambiri mawonekedwe a mbalame. Starlings amakhala abulauni, nthawi zina ngakhale ndi imvi ndi zofiirira. Kenako pang'onopang'ono mtundu uwu umazolowanso pamaso pa anthu, koma kusintha kumeneku kudzatenga kanthawi.
Mbadwo wachinyamata wa nyenyezi, womwe sunasungunuke, nawonso amasiyana mitundu yawo. Mbalame ndi zofiirira zofiirira mtundu, nthenga zilibe kuwala kwapadera, nthawi zina timadontho toyera timawonekera pansi pa thupi. Mapiko a ana ang'onoang'ono amakhala ozungulira, pomwe achikulire mapiko awo ndi akuthwa.
Koma sikuti nthenga zokha zimasintha mu mbalameyi, mulomo ulinso ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Mlomo wa mbalameyo wopindika pang'ono, wakuthwa komanso wautali umakhala ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "chameleon effect", chomwe chili motere: nthawi yokomana, mulomo umasanduka wachikasu, uwu ndi mtundu wachizindikiro kuti mbalameyo yakonzeka kukwerana ndikubereka ana. Nthawi yonseyi, mlomo wa nyenyezi zoyera umakhala wakuda wakuda.
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa wamkazi ndi wamwamuna mikhalidwe iwiri - mulomo ndi nthenga. Pamlomo wakuda wa mbalameyi, mutha kuwona kachidutswa kakang'ono, kamtundu kakang'ono, kamene mwa amuna kamakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu, koma mwa akazi kachitsotso kakhala kofiira.
Mukayang'ana nthenga, ndiye kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi: mwa akazi, nthenga pamimba ndi pachifuwa zidzakhala zazifupi, koma chifuwa cha amuna chimakhala ndi nthenga zazitali. Mapazi a Starlings ndi ofiira-ofiira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mbalame imayenda pansi ndimasitepe, osati kudumpha.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nyenyezi
Za nyenyezi nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati oyimba kwambiri ndipo izi sizangochitika mwangozi. Mbalameyi imadziwika ndi mawu osiyanasiyana. Liwu lawo limapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso lofanana ndi likhweru, kulira, kulongolola komanso kutulutsa.
Izi ndichifukwa choti nyenyezi zili ndi mphatso ya onomatopoeia. Amadziwika kuti amatha kunyamula ndikutulutsa mawu a mbalame zakuda, ma warbler, lark, orioles, zinziri, komanso ma jays.
Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti nyenyezi yoyimba imayimba m'njira iliyonse. Nyenyezi zina zimakumbukiranso kuimba kwa mbalame zosowa zomwe zimakhala kumayiko otentha komwe zimasamukira.
Mverani mawu a nyenyezi
Amakhulupirira kuti chilichonse mbalame za mbalamezi zimauluka kum'mwera... Komabe, sizili choncho. Kuchuluka kwa kusamukira kwawo kumayiko aku Europe kumasiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira nyengo nyengo ya dera linalake.
Mphamvu yakuuluka kumayiko otentha imakula kuyambira kumadzulo mpaka kum'mawa. Starlings zimauluka kumwera kwa Europe, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa ndi India, kuno mungapeze kuti nyenyezi m'nyengo yozizira. Mbalame zimachoka kumayambiriro kwa September mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa October.
Mbalame zimabwerera kumalo awo okhalira mazira molawirira, kwinakwake mu February - koyambirira kwa Marichi, kudakali chipale chofewa m'malo ambiri. Skvortsov amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri, malinga ndi momwe, pakuwonekera kwa mbalamezi, kasupe amalowa muufulu wonse, amatenthetsa chilichonse mozungulira ndikutentha kwake ndipo amapereka chisangalalo chochuluka ku chikhalidwe chotsitsimutsa.
Amuna amafika koyamba, ndipo akazi amawoneka patangopita masiku ochepa, kapena ngakhale sabata limodzi pambuyo pake. Ichi ndi gawo la kusamuka kwa mitundu iyi ya mbalame zouluka.
Kuuluka kwa nyenyezi kuli mawonekedwe apadera. Mbalamezi zimasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu a mbalame masauzande angapo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mofananamo komanso mokongola zimauluka mlengalenga, ndikupita motsatana mofananamo komanso mofananamo.
Nthawi zina ndege zotere zimatha kubweretsa zovuta kwa anthu okhala m'mizinda. Gulu lalikulu la nkhosa likasamuka, phokoso la ana a nyamazi limakhala lamphamvu kwambiri kuposa msewu wamisewu m'misewu yodzaza ndi magalimoto.
Mwachilengedwe, nyenyezi ndi mbalame zazikulu komanso zotsimikiza. Amatha kukhala opikisana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina, makamaka polimbana ndi malo abwino okhala.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yamoyo wa nyenyezi
Kuwona moyo wa mbalame zamtchire izi kwawonetsa kuti mbalame zamtchire sizikhala zaka zoposa 12. Komabe, nthawi iyi ndi yokwanira kubala mibadwo yoposa imodzi ya olowa m'malo.
Nyengo yakumasirana imayamba ndi nyenyezi nthawi yachilimwe, mbalamezo zikabwerera kumayiko awo. Mwamuna akangofika, ndipo amachita kaye koyamba, chifukwa zazikazi zimawonekera pambuyo pake panthawi yosamukira, nthawi yomweyo amayamba kufunafuna malo abwino okhala.
Pachifukwa ichi, nyumba ya mbalame, dzenje kapena dzenje lililonse, mwachitsanzo, pakhoma la nyumba yakale kapena nyumba yosiyidwa, ndi yoyenera. Mwamuna akangosankha "kunyumba", amakhala pansi pafupi ndikuyamba kuyimba mokweza. Nyimboyi ndi chisonyezo choti malowa akukhalamo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatenga chidwi cha akazi.
Pamene awiriawiri apanga, ndiye kuti ntchitoyo imayamba pachimake, momwe onse amatengapo gawo. Zisa zimamangidwa kuchokera ku ubweya wa nyama, nthambi, masamba, mizu, moss ndi zina. Yaimuna imatha kukhala ndi tiana tating'ono ndipo imasamalira zazikazi zingapo nthawi imodzi.
Chowotchera wamba chimakhala ndi mazira 4-6, omwe amakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu wobiriwira mopanda ma specks ndi zina inclusions. Dzira lililonse limangolemera magalamu opitilira 6 okha. Mbewuyo imasakanikirana kwambiri ndi yaikazi, ndipo yamphongo imangolowa m'malo mwake ikamadya. Nthawi yosakaniza imatha pafupifupi masiku 12.
Anapiye amabadwa osathandiza ndipo amakhala chete. Amuna ndi akazi amasiya anapiye muchisa n kuuluka kukafunafuna chakudya chawo, kwinaku akuchita izi nthawi imodzi. Ana otsogola amadya zakudya zofewa poyamba, ndipo akamakula, makolo awo amawabweretsera chakudya chokhwima: ziwala, nkhono, mbozi zazikulu. Pakatha masiku 23 mwana wabadwa, anapiye amakhala okonzeka kusiya chisa ndikukakhala paokha.
Kudyetsa nyenyezi
Zakudya za Starlings zimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba komanso chakudya cha nyama. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, dzuwa likatentha, pamatuluka mphutsi zambiri zomwe zimadya. Amadyanso mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe nthawi zambiri timabisala m'makungwa a mitengo.
M'chilimwe, chakudya cha ana a nyenyezi chimakhala ndi ziwala, agulugufe, mbozi ndi mbozi. Koma nthawi yomweyo, saopa kudya zakudya zamasamba: mbewu za zomera zosiyanasiyana, zipatso pamitengo, monga mapeyala, maapulo, maula kapena yamatcheri.
Sukulu ya nyenyezi imawonedwa ngati chinthu chowopsa pamunda waulimi, chifukwa imatha kuwononga kwambiri. Minda yambewu ndi minda yamphesa nthawi zambiri zimawopsezedwa ndipo imatha kukhala malo okonda kudyetsa mbalame.
