Black Mamba ankaona kuti ndi imodzi mwa njoka zoopsa, zachangu komanso zopanda mantha. Mtundu wa Dendroaspis, womwe chokwawa ichi ndi chake, amatanthauza "njoka yamtengo" potanthauzira kuchokera mchilatini.
Mosiyana ndi dzina lake, mtundu wake nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda (mosiyana ndi pakamwa, chifukwa umatchulidwanso). Anthu amamuopa poyera komanso amawopa kutchula dzina lake lenileni, kuti mosazindikira asadzamve ndikutenga chikalatachi pempho loti adzachezere, m'malo mwake ndikulongosola kwa "wobwezera zoipa zomwe zachitika."
Ngakhale zikhulupiriro zomwe zilipo zomwe mantha wamba amabisika, asayansi amatsimikiziranso izi njoka yakuda mamba M'malo mwake, siimodzi yokha mwa njoka zoopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komanso imachita zinthu mwamakani kwambiri.
Zolemba ndi malo okhala mamba wakuda
Makulidwe a mamba yakuda amadziwika kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ina yamtunduwu. Mwina ndichifukwa chake sichimasinthidwa kukhala mitengo ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka pakati pa tchire lambiri.
Akuluakulu amafika mpaka mamitala atatu, ngakhale milandu yakutali idalembedwa pomwe kutalika kwa zitsanzo zina zidapitilira mita inayi ndi theka. Pamene ikuyenda, njoka iyi imatha kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa ma kilomita khumi ndi chimodzi pa ola, pamalo athyathyathya, liwiro la kuponyera kwake limatha kufikira makilomita makumi awiri pa ola limodzi.
Mtundu wa achikulire amtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda mpaka wakuda, ngakhale pali anthu ena omwe ali ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana. Zidakali zazing'ono, njoka izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zoyera mpaka zoyera.
Mamba wakuda amakhala makamaka m'malo ochokera ku Somalia kupita ku Senegal komanso kuchokera ku South West Africa kupita ku Ethiopia. Amagawidwanso ku South Sudan, Tanzania, Kenya, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe ndi Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Popeza sichiyendetsedwa ndimitengo, ndikosatheka kukumana nayo m'nkhalango yamvula yamkuntho. Malo ake okhalamo ndi malo otsetsereka okhala ndi miyala, zigwa za mitsinje, matchire ndi nkhalango zosawerengeka zokhala ndi zitsamba zazing'ono zamatchire osiyanasiyana.
Popeza madera ambiri omwe kale amakhala ndi nthumwi za mtundu wa Dendroaspis pakadali pano akukhala ndi anthu, mamba yakuda imakakamizidwa kukhazikika pafupi ndi midzi yaying'ono ndi matauni.
Mmodzi mwa malo omwe njokayi imakonda kupezeka ndi nkhalango zamabango, kumene, makamaka, kuzunzidwa kwake kwa anthu kumachitika. Komanso, nthumwi zambiri zamtunduwu zimakhala m'miyala, malo ndi mabowo amitengo yomwe ili pamtunda wochepa kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mamba wakuda
Black mamba - njoka yapoizoni, ndipo kusiyana kwake ndi zokwawa zina zowopsa kwa anthu kumachita nkhanza modabwitsa. Sizachilendo kuti iwukire poyamba, osadikirira kuti anthu awopseze.
Kukulitsa gawo lakumtunda kwa thupi lake ndikupanga mchira, kumawombera mwachangu kwa wovulalayo, ndikuluma pakadutsa mphindi ziwiri osalola kuti ibwere m'maganizo mwake. Nthawi zambiri, asanaukire munthu, amatsegula pakamwa pake mwakuda koopsa, komwe kumatha kuopseza ngakhale anthu okhala ndi mitsempha yolimba.
Amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa poyizoni, komwe kumatha kupha, kumayambira mamiligalamu khumi ndi asanu, koma chimodzi black mamba kuluma munthu atha kupeza ndalama zochulukirapo kakhumi mpaka makumi awiri kuposa chiwerengerochi.
Ngati munthu alumidwa ndi njoka yowopsa iyi, amafunika kubaya mankhwala osadukiza mkati mwa maola anayi, koma ngati kulumako kunagwera pankhope, ndiye kuti atatha mphindi 15 mpaka 20 amatha kufa ndi ziwalo.
Njoka yakuda idatchulidwa osati chifukwa cha mtundu wa thupi, koma pakamwa yakuda
Poizoni wa mamba wakuda Lili ndi kuchuluka kwa ma neurotoxins othamanga kwambiri, komanso caliciseptin, yomwe ndi yoopsa modabwitsa chifukwa cha Cardio system, yomwe imangopangitsa kuti misempha isawonongeke komanso kuwonongeka kwamanjenje, komanso kubanika komanso kumangidwa kwamtima.
Ngati simukuyambitsa mankhwala, ndiye kuti imfa imapezeka munthawi zana. Mphekesera zimafalikira pakati pa anthu kuti njoka imodzi yamtunduwu nthawi imodzi imagunda anthu angapo a ng'ombe ndi akavalo.
Pakadali pano, ma seramu apadera omwe adapangidwa moyenera, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yake, atha kuyimitsa poyizoni, chifukwa chake, ngati mamba yakuda ikuluma, kulowererapo kwachangu ndikofunikira.
Nthawi zambiri amangoyesa kuzizira m'malo kapena kuti asayanjane nawo mwachindunji. Komabe, ngati kulumako kumachitika, kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera mwachangu ndipo amayamba kukhala ndi malungo, choncho ndibwino kuti musakomane naye maso ndi maso, ndikuchepetsa chithunzi cha mamba wakuda pa intaneti kapena powerenga ndemanga za mamba wakuda mu kukula kwa World Lide Web.
Chakudya cha mamba chakuda
Ponena za mamba wakuda, titha kunena kuti njoka iyi imadziyang'ana bwino bwino mdera lozungulira mdima komanso masana. Chifukwa chake, amatha kupita kukasaka akafuna.
Zakudya zake zimaphatikizira kuchuluka kwamitundu yonse yoimira nyama zofunda, kuyambira agologolo, makoswe osiyanasiyana ndi mbalame mpaka mileme. Nthawi zina, mitundu ina ya zokwawa imakhala nyama yawo. Njoka yakuda yakuda imadyetsa komanso achule, ngakhale ndizovuta, amakonda zakudya zina kwa iwo.
Njoka izi zimasaka momwemo: choyamba, amazembera nyama yawo, kenako nkuziluma ndikukwawa ndikuyembekezera kufa kwake. Zikakhala kuti poyizoni anali wosakwanira kuti aphedwe mwachangu, atha kutuluka m'malo obisalapo kuti alumenso kachiwiri.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, oimira zokwawa izi amakhala ndi mbiri ya njoka zina potengera kuthamanga kwake, kotero ndizovuta kuti wovulalayo abisalire.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nyengo yakunyamula kwa mamba wakuda nthawi zambiri imachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika mpaka koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Amuna amamenyera wina ndi mnzake ufulu wokhala ndi wamkazi. Kuluka mfundo, amayamba kumenyanirana ndi mitu yawo mpaka ofooka atachoka pankhondo.Ndi bwino kudziwa kuti pamenepa sagwiritsa ntchito poizoni kwa abale awo, kupatsa woluza ufulu wobisala popanda choletsa.
Zitangokwatirana, njoka zonse zimabalalika ndikupita kuchisa chawo. Chiwerengero cha mazira pa clutch akhoza mpaka awiri. Njoka zazing'ono zimabadwa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kupitilira theka la mita. Kwenikweni kuyambira ali obadwa, ali ndi poyizoni wamphamvu ndipo amatha kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Kutalika kwa moyo kwa njoka izi ukapolo kumafikira zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, kuthengo - pafupifupi khumi, chifukwa, ngakhale ali pachiwopsezo, ali ndi adani, mwachitsanzo, mongoose, pomwe poyizoni wa mamba yakuda ilibe mphamvu, kapena nguluwe zakutchire.
