Kukambirana

Kukambirana nsomba zokongola komanso zowala zomwe zimakhala mumtsinje wa Amazon. Ili ndi thupi lozungulira, lophwatalala pang'ono m'mbali. Nsomba zazikulu kwambiri, akulu amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 20. Amakondedwa ndi akatswiri azamadzi padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yowala komanso bata. Ndipo izi ndizomveka, chifukwa simukupeza nsomba zokongola kwambiri. Akasungidwa m'nyanja yam'madzi, samayambitsa mavuto, ndipo amasangalatsa eni ake.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Discus

Symphysodon discus (discus) ku mtundu wa Symphysodon. Nsomba zam'kalasi zam'madzi, ngati ngati nsomba, banja la cichlov. Mitunduyi idapezeka kumbuyo mu 1904, idaphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya Symphysodon discus Heckell subspecies.

Kanema: Discus

Pomwe kafukufuku wa Dr. Askelrod, panali cholembedwa ku Tropical Fish Hobbyist, chomwe chimatchula za taxomy ya mtundu wa Symphysodon. M'bukuli, mtundu wa Symphysodon aequifasciata unadziwika koyamba ngati mtundu wodziyimira pawokha. Mawu akuti aequifasciata adatengedwa kuchokera ku Chilatini ndipo amatanthawuza kuti mikwingwirima, yofanana ndi iyo imafotokoza mtundu wamtundu wansombazi. Mwa mitundu iyi, mikwingwirima yakuda yowonekera mthupi lonse la nsombazo, mwa nsomba za Heckel subspecies, mikwingwirima yonse imafotokozedwanso chimodzimodzi.

Chifukwa chake, m'kope lino, Dr. Axelrod adazindikira misonkho yotsatirayi:

• Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840, discus Heckel yomwe idapezeka mu 1840 ndi yake;
• Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin.

Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo:

• amber discus wobiriwira;
• discu wabuluu;
• discus wabulawuni.

Pambuyo pake, wasayansi yemweyo adalankhula zakusakwanira kwa kafukufuku wake mderali, mu 1981, mu kope lomwelo adasindikiza misonkho yatsopano, yatsatanetsatane yamtunduwu. The subspecies Symphysodon discus Heckel akuphatikizapo S. discus Heckel ndi S. discus willischwartzi Burgess. Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegri akuphatikizapo S. aequifasciata haraldi Schultz, S. aequifasciata Pellegrin, ndi S. aequifasciata axelrodi Schultz.

Pambuyo pake mu 2006, asayansi ochokera ku Switzerland adayesetsa kuti apange mtundu uwu kukhala mitundu itatu:

• Symphysodon discus Heckell amatchula za discus Heckel;
• Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin mitundu iyi imaphatikizanso ndi mizere yama discus aequifasciata Pelegrin;
• S. tanzoo Lyons, mitunduyi imaphatikizapo discus yonyezimira wobiriwira S. t. tanzoo Lyons.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Discus fish

Symphysodon discus ili ndi thupi lozungulira, lodziwika. Thupi limalimba kwambiri m'mbali. Mutu wa nsomba ndi waung'ono. Mwa amuna, mbali yakutsogolo ya mutu imadziwika kwambiri. Mutu uli ndi maso awiri otuluka pang'ono. Zipsepse kumbuyo ndi kumapeto kwa kumatako sizitali, koma motalika. Nsombayi ili ndi mchira wokongola komanso wooneka ngati fan. Zipsepse zomwe zili pamimba mwa nsombazi ndizotalika. Zipsepsezo zimawonekera poyera, ndi mawanga ataliatali pamenepo. Mawanga amakhala ofanana ndi thupi. Mtundu wa nsombayi, mtundu wa mikwingwirima 9 yolunjika imadziwika. Mitundu ya discus, mwina mitundu yowala yabuluu, golide, wobiriwira, nsomba zagolide.

Chosangalatsa: Discus amatha kusintha mtundu wawo, kutengera momwe alili. Mikwingwirima yamitundu yosiyana imatha kuwoneka kapena kutha pathupi pa nsombayo. Ngati nsombayo ili ndi mantha kapena chisangalalo, mizere yolunjika pa nsomba imatha kutha, ndipo yopingasa, m'malo mwake, imawala.

Pakati pa nyengo yobereketsa, amuna amatha kuwona kusiyanasiyana kwa mbewa. Mwa nsomba zachikazi za mtundu uwu, ovipositor yopangidwa ndi kondomu imapangidwa panthawi yobereka. Maganizo azakugonana pamtundu uwu wa nsomba sanafotokozedwe.Pamikhalidwe yakugwidwa, kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 20-25, m'chilengedwe mulinso anthu okulirapo amtunduwu.

Nthawi ya discus m'malo ake achilengedwe kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 16, komabe, nsomba sizikhala mndende zochepa. Izi zimalumikizidwa ndikupsinjika kosalekeza, komanso moyo wabwino kwamuyaya. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zowonjezera zimafupikitsanso msinkhu wa nsomba. Komabe amachita bwino m'malo awo achilengedwe. Discus khalani chete. Amachedwa. Yendani pang'onopang'ono. Amakhala ndikusambira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Kodi discus amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Discus ku Amazon

Malo okhala nsomba zowala izi ndi mitsinje yomwe ili ku South America. Nthawi zambiri, magulu a discus amapezeka mumtsinje wa Amazon. Komanso, mtundu uwu umapezeka m'madzi a Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil ndi Peru.

Mtsinje wa Amazon uli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yamvula, mitsinje imasefukira. Zomwe zimabweretsa kusefukira kwamadera akulu.

Nthawi yamadzi osefukira, mitsinje imadetsedwa kwambiri ndi masamba amitengo ndi zomera zomwe zimasefukira. Pakufika kasupe, madziwo amatsika, ndikupanga mitsinje yambiri ndi madamu ang'onoang'ono, akutali. Madzi amayamba kuda. M'madera akutali, mtsinjewo umakhala ngati madambo, pomwe nthawi yachilimwe madzi amayeretsedwa. M'madera otere, madziwo ndi ofewa komanso okhala ndi acidic yambiri. Madzi ali ndi magetsi otsika kwambiri otheka. Discus amakhala m'malo otere.

Nthawi zambiri discus amasankha malo okhala pafupi ndi gombe momwe mungathere. Amakhala m'nkhalango momwe mumadzaza madzi. Pali masamba ochepa kwambiri pansi. Discus amabisala muudzu wosefukira komanso pakati pa mizu yazomera, pomwe nsomba zamtunduwu zimabala. Nsombazi sizikhala mumitsinje ikuluikulu komanso m'madzi oyera, zimakhazikika pafupipafupi mumayendedwe ang'onoang'ono, ofunda bwino okhala ndi kuwala kosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chodzipatula kumeneku, mitundu ina yamitundu idapangidwa, yomwe titha kuwona tsopano.

Komanso chifukwa chodzipatula kumeneku, zizolowezi za nsomba zophunzirira zinayamba kudziwika. Mu gulu limodzi, mutha kuwona mpaka anthu mazana angapo. M'mitsinje yomwe imayenda mwachangu, discus ndizosatheka kupeza. Amasankha malo abata komanso odekha.

Kodi discus imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Discus in nature

Chakudya chachikulu cha discus nyama zakutchire chimakhala ndi:

• amabzala maluwa, mbewu ndi masamba. Bzalani zipatso. (amapanga pafupifupi 45% yazakudya zonse za nsomba);
• zamoyo zopanda madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi (pafupifupi 6% yazakudya);
• Chronimidae mphutsi;
• nyamakazi zosiyanasiyana, makamaka akangaude omwe amakhala pansi ndi nkhuni.

M'nyengo yadzuwa pomwe kulibe mbewu ndi zida zamatenda.

Zakudya za nsomba zamtundu uwu zimawoneka motere:

• maziko a chakudyacho ndi detritus (zinthu zakuthambo zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsalira zam'mimba zosiyanasiyana, mafupa owola ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso zotulutsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayimitsidwa m'madzi ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kapena zimakhazikika pansi pa dziwe);
• ndere zamtundu uliwonse;
• zamoyo zopanda madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi ndi zomerazo;
• mitundu ing'onoing'ono yama crustaceans, zotsalira za shrimps, zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono.

Mukasunga nsomba muukapolo, zimakhala zovuta kubwerezanso chakudya cha nsomba zotere; Zakudya za nsomba zomwe zimasungidwa mu ukapolo nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• artemia wouma wouma;
• tubificidae tubifex annelidum;
• chakudya chouma;
• mphutsi zamagazi (nyongolotsi zamagazi) mphutsi za udzudzu.

Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zowonjezerapo ndi chiwindi cha nyama yamphongo, shrimp, squid, masamba a sipinachi. Ena mwa ma aquarist amapereka masamba atsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi tizipereka maofesi a vitamini ogulidwa.

Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasungire discus mu aquarium. Tiyeni tiwone momwe nsomba zimakhalira kuthengo.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Discus

Ma discus ndi nsomba zodekha. Ali ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'magulu akutali. Gulu limodzi lotere limatha kukhala anthu mazana angapo. Nthawi zambiri sipamakhala mikangano pagulu, kupatula kuti yaimuna imatha kukangana chifukwa cha yaikazi. Nthawi zina panthawi yoswana, yaimuna ndi yaikazi imatha kukangana. Ngati panthawiyo ayika kale mazira, amatha kudya.

Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimakhala m'madzi ang'onoang'ono ofunda ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi kuwala, madzi ofunda, komanso malo ambiri ogona. Nsombazi zimaopa phokoso lalikulu komanso kusuntha kwadzidzidzi. Kupsinjika ndi koyipa kwa nsomba, amasintha mtundu wawo, kumverera koyipa. Pafupi ndi discus ya Symphysodon, nsomba monga ma Cyclides amitundu yosiyanasiyana, nsomba za mpeni, mphaka, kunyezimira komanso ma piranhas zimapezeka m'chilengedwe.

Potengera kuyandikira kwa nsomba zina, ma discus sakhala achiwawa, palibe vuto lililonse. Ndipo nsomba zina zambiri sizikhala m'dera lomwe lakhala ndi discus chifukwa chakuti madziwo amakhala ofunda kwambiri komanso ofewa. M'moyo wamba, nsomba zimakhala m'magulu. Gulu lotere nthawi zambiri silimapangidwa bwino. Pakubzala, nsombazi zimagawika pawiri, zophatikizana zazimuna ndi zazikazi. Kusambira kwa nsomba kumachitika m'malo obisika pakati pa mizu yodzala ndi zitsamba ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana.

Pogwidwa, nsomba izi nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'madzi akuluakulu, akutali. Discus yamitundu yonse ndiyabwino mokwanira kwa oyandikana nayo, koma nsomba zina sizingagwirizane nazo chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo. Sikoyenera kubzala nsomba za discus limodzi ndi ziphuphu zoopsa ndi nsomba zina, apo ayi zikopa zitha kuwaopseza ndikudula zipsepse za nsomba zodekha.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Blue Discus

Nsomba zotayira zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika. Iwo akuphunzitsa nsomba. Amatuluka kuti abereke awiriawiri. Nsomba zimayamba kubala kuyambira chaka chachiwiri chamoyo. Kusamba kumachitika m'malo obisika pakati pazinyalala, mizu yazomera. Pokonzekera kubereka, malo osewerera nsomba amakonzedwa. Amatsuka mwala, kuwomba kapena kubzala tsamba.

Discus nthawi zambiri amakwatirana mumdima. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala masewera osakwatirana. Caviar, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndimazira mazana awiri, imayikidwa pa subostat yoyeretsedwa. Pambuyo pomaliza umuna, wamwamuna amasamalira masewerawo. Discus ali ndi chibadwa cha makolo. Mazira awiri ndi mwachangu amateteza ana awo mosamala.

Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale nsomba za discus zimasamalira bwino ana awo, atapanikizika kwinaku akuyang'anira nsomba za caviar, opanga amatha kuzidya okha.

Mwachangu amayamba kutuluka m'mazira patatha masiku atatu. Munthawi mpaka mwachangu atakhwima, makolo amakhala nawo ndikuwapatsa chakudya. Discus mwachangu ali ndi utoto wotumbululuka, wosadabwitsa. Mtundu umakhala wowala pafupi ndi mwezi wachitatu wamoyo wachangu. Kuswana nsomba mu aquarium kumachitika mwapadera. Madzi a nsomba panthawi yopuma ayenera kukhala kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 30.

Ndikofunikira kuti pasakhale nsomba zina mu aquarium, nthawi zambiri awiriwa amabzala m'madzi ena opanda dothi, koma momwe mumakhala malo obalaliramo. Algae, miyala, malo osiyanasiyana. Mwachangu omwe amasungidwa mu aquarium amadyetsedwa ndi fumbi lamoyo kuyambira masiku 6. Poterepa, gawo lamadzi limasinthidwa tsiku lililonse. Makolo akamaliza kudyetsa mwachangu, amasungidwa.

Adani achilengedwe a discus

Chithunzi: Discus wachikaso

Discus ili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Mdani woyamba wa discus ndi eel wamagetsi. Amakonda kudya nsombazi kwambiri. Komanso, adaniwo ndi nsomba zikuluzikulu komanso zowopsa. Chifukwa chokhazikika komanso kuchepa kwa nsomba, nsombazi zimatha kuvutika ndi anthu ena. Amadya pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nsomba zina zimatha kutenga chakudya kuchokera ku discus, ngakhale nsomba zina sizimakonda kukhazikika m'malo ngati discus.

Nsomba monga locaria ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya catfish imakonda kusangalala ndi ntchofu zamkaka zotulutsidwa ndi discus fish. Pakayamwa, amavulaza pa discus, pomwe nsomba zimatha kufa. Samakondanso kukhala pafupi ndi zisonga ndi nsomba zina zankhanza, zomwe zingawavulaze ndikudula zipsepse zawo.

Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, zomwe sizimakhazikika nthawi zambiri m'malo okhala ma discus, nsomba zokongolazi zimawopsezedwanso ndi matenda komanso kusakhala bwino kwachilengedwe. M'malo awo achilengedwe, ma discus samadwala, koma mu aquarium, nsomba zokongola izi zimatha kudwala.

Matenda akulu a discus andende ndi awa:

• hexamitosis. Wodziwika ndi kukana kudya. Zosintha mtundu wa unyolo. Kuchiritsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa madzi mumtambo wa aquarium;
• Matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya Flexibacter columnaris pomwe nsomba zimakhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriyawa, kuchepa kwa njala, kupuma movutikira komanso mdima wautoto. Samizani matendawa ndi yankho la Levomycitin.

Mdani wina wachilengedwe wa discus akusintha zachilengedwe. Discus ndi nsomba zotentha kwambiri, sizimalekerera kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kutentha. Amafuna madzi ofunda, oyera komanso ofewa komanso acidity mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimatha kupita kumalo osangalatsa; mu aquarium, ndikuwonjezeka kapena kutsika kwakutentha, nsomba zamtunduwu zimatha mantha, ndipo zimangofa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Discus fish

Chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo, nsombazi zimakakamizidwa kuvutika. Ndipo chaka ndi chaka, chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa. Popeza nsombazi zimakonda kwambiri akatswiri azamadzi padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuchokera kumalo awo achilengedwe. Nthawi yomweyo nsomba zambiri zimafa. Lero mtundu wa Symphysodon discus udalembedwa mu Red Book. Komanso, anthu amtunduwu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kuipitsa malo osungira nsomba. Mitunduyi idalandila zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa chakuwedza kwambiri. Kugwira nsomba zamtunduwu ndikoletsedwa m'maiko ambiri.

Chosangalatsa: Kwa milungu ingapo yoyambirira, mwachangu amadyetsa zinsinsi zomwe zimabisidwa ndi khungu la makolo. Utsiwu umasungidwa pakhungu la opanga onse. Mmodzi mwa makolowo akangotuluka ntchofu, kholo lachiwiri limawonekera chapafupi ndikudyetsa mwana. Nthawi zina, movutikira, nsomba za makolo sizimatulutsa ntchofu, ndiye kuti anawo amafa. Sizingatheke kudyetsa mwachangu m'badwo uno.

Ma discus omwe akugulitsidwa pano ndi nsomba zobadwa. M'mayiko ambiri ma discus amapangidwa m'malo mosungira, m'madzi ndi m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, ku Brazil, m'mbali mwa Amazon, pakumangidwa Park ya Tumukumake Reserve, pomwe padzakhala mitsinje yambiri, malo osungira ndi mathithi, omwe adzakhale malo achitetezo.

Chitetezo cha discus

Chithunzi: Discus kuchokera ku Red Book

Monga tanena kale, ma discus adatchulidwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mtundu uwu uli ndi mtundu wa "nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, chifukwa chogwidwa pafupipafupi". Kugwira discus yamtundu uliwonse ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo la Brazil, Belgium, South America.

Lero, m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Amazon, malo otetezedwa akukonzedwa - Tumukumake Reserve Park. Paki iyi, matupi amadzi omwe amagwera pakiyi amatetezedwa. Usodzi mwa iwo ndi oletsedwa, palibe mabizinesi ndi misewu pafupi ndi pakiyo. Ndipo ndi m'malo awa omwe mumakhala discus. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Japan ndi m'maiko ena, mitundu ya discus ya Symphysodon imakula m'malo opangira zinthu.

Nsomba zomwe zikugulitsidwa pano zimawombedwa ndi akatswiri odziwa zamadzi. M'madzi otchedwa aquariums, mitunduyi imabereka bwino ndikukhala moyo kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi, bola ngati zonse zomwe akwaniritsa zikwaniritsidwa. Nsomba zowetedwa mu ukapolo zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala bwino ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kusintha kutengera momwe zinthu zimayambira m'nyanjayi kuposa abale awo achilengedwe.

Kuti asunge nsomba zokongolazi, munthu ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Imani usodzi wamisala, osadetsa matupi amadzi, pangani malo azachipatala mabizinesi kuti mpweya usagwere m'madzi.

Kukambirana mfumu yosatsutsika yam'madzi, anthu amawakonda kwambiri chifukwa cha utoto wawo wa neon. Kuwona gulu la discus mu dziwe, kapena m'nyanja yamadzi, zimatenga mpweya wathu kuchokera ku zomwe Amayi Achilengedwe amatipatsa. Koma munthu, mwatsoka, chifukwa cha phindu, pafupifupi anawononga zolengedwa zokongolazi. Tiyeni tikhale osamala kwambiri pazachilengedwe komanso zomwe zimatipatsa, ndikusunga nsomba zokongolazi kuti tiwonedwe ndi mibadwo yotsatira.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 06/30/2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 22:26