Nsomba gourami amakhala pamalo olemekezeka pamndandanda wazokonda zamadzi - onse odziwa zambiri komanso oyamba kumene. Oyamba kumene amakonda gourami chifukwa chaulemu wawo wamtendere komanso wamtendere, ndipo akatswiri odziwa zamadzi am'madzi amakonda mtundu wokongola komanso kukula komwe kumakopa chidwi cha okhala m'madzi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Gourami
Kumasulira kwenikweni kuchokera ku Chijava, "gourami" amatanthauza "nsomba yowonetsa mphuno yake pamwamba pamadzi." Inde, dzinalo ndi lachilendo poyang'ana koyamba, koma ndi, monga wina aliyense, lomwe likutsindika gawo lalikulu la nsomba zamtunduwu. Amawonetsadi mphuno zawo m'madzi! Izi zimafotokozedwa ndikuti gourami ali ndi chiwalo chapadera cha kupuma - branchial labyrinth.
Kanema: Gourami
Kalelo, asayansi-ichthyologists amakhulupirira kuti chiwalo ichi chimatha kusunga madzi ndi gourami ndipo, chifukwa cha ichi, amapulumuka chilala. Kapenanso kuthana ndi mtunda pakati pakuumitsa matupi amadzi, monga olumpha matope. Koma monga zidatsimikizidwira pambuyo pake, labyrinth imalola gourami kumeza ndikupumira mpweya wokhala mumlengalenga wopanda mpweya popanda kuwononga thanzi. Ndi chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amayandama pamwamba pamadzi ndikumwa madzi opatsa moyo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngati mwayi wofika pamadzi ndi wovuta, gourami amatha kufa.
Mbali yachiwiri yamitunduyi ndi zipsepse za m'chiuno, zosinthidwa pakusintha. Mu nsombazi, adakhala ulusi wopyapyala wautali ndipo amatenga gawo lokhudza kukhudza. Chipangizochi chimathandiza gourami kuyenda m'matope omwe akhala malo okhala. Koma ngakhale tikakhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi oyera bwino, gourami samaleka kumva chilichonse ndi zipsepse zawo zosinthidwa.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti dzina "gourami" palokha ndilophatikiza. Kungakhale kolondola kutchula nsomba zokhazokha kuchokera ku mtundu wa Trichogaster mwanjira imeneyo, koma zidachitika kuti nthumwi zochokera m'madzi am'madzi ofananawo adayamba kuyimba mofanizira gourami. Chifukwa chake, mitundu 4 imatha kuonedwa ngati "gourami wowona": bulauni, ngale, mwezi ndi mawanga. Ponena za nsomba zina zonse zomwe amati molakwika gourami, koma zafalikira, gululi limaphatikizapo kupsompsona, kudandaula, kumeta, uchi ndi chokoleti.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi gourami amawoneka bwanji
Mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa gourami ndi nsomba zapakatikati, mpaka kukula kwa masentimita 10-12 m'nyanja yamadzi, osatinso. Ngakhale, nthawi zina pamakhalanso anthu akuluakulu - mwachitsanzo, njoka gourami (kutalika kwa thupi 20-25 cm) kapena gourami wamalonda (imakulira mpaka 100 cm, koma ma aquarists sakonda "chilombo" ichi).
Mawonekedwe ake, thupi la nsombayo limakhala lophwatalala pang'ono kuchokera mbalizo ndikutalikitsa pang'ono. Mapiko amchiuno amachitika kuyambira pakati pamimba ndikupita kumalo owonjezera omwe ali pafupi ndi mchira. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, popanga mapiko a pectoral adalowetsedwa ndi ulusi wazitali kwambiri womwe umagwirizana kutalika ndi thupi - cholinga chawo chochepa chimakwaniritsa gawo lothandizira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Dzina lachi Latin la mtundu wa Trichogaster limapangidwa ndi mawu oti "trichos" - ulusi ndi "gaster" - mimba. Gulu lamakono limapereka kusintha kwa mawu oti "gaster" ndi "podus" - mwendo. Kuphatikiza apo, zipsepse zakuthwa, ngakhale zitatayika, zimasinthanso pakapita nthawi.
Kugonana kumatsimikizika ndi dorsal fin - mwa amuna imakwezedwa kwambiri ndikuwongoleredwa, ndipo mu "kugonana koyenera" - m'malo mwake, imazunguliridwa.
Mtundu wa gourami ndiwosiyanasiyana ndipo umadziwika ndi mitunduyo. Mitundu yambiri yamitundu ya gourami idapangidwa. Koma ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana uku, mtundu umodzi wamachitidwe ukhoza kutsatidwa - mtundu wamwamuna ndi wowala kwambiri kuposa utoto wa akazi. Kuwonongeka kwa mamba a nsomba za gourami nthawi zambiri kumakhala chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa.
Tsopano mukudziwa zonse za kusunga nsomba za gourami. Tiyeni tiwone komwe amapezeka m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Kodi gourami amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gourami ku Thailand
Ma gourami onse amapezeka kumadzi otentha a Thailand, Vietnam ndi Malaysia. Kumeneko, nsombazi zimapezeka ngakhale m'malo osayenera kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Gouramis amakula bwino mumigolo yamvula, ngalande zamatope, ngalande, komanso madera ampunga. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zipsepse zawo m'chiuno zasanduka ziwalo zanzeru - ndiyo njira yokhayo yoyendetsera madzi amatope ndi matopewo.
Potengera izi, wasayansi waku France a Pierre Carbonier, yemwe anali woyamba ku Europe kumvetsera nsomba iyi, adazindikira kuti gourami anali wolimba modabwitsa. Koma sanaganizire chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri - zosowa za nsombazi kuti zikhale ndi mpweya wabwino wamlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, zoyesa zonse za asayansi kuti apereke zitsanzo zingapo ku Dziko Lakale zidatha tsoka: nsomba zonse zidafera panjira.
Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa "osamukirawo" omwe adagwidwawo adayikidwa m'miphika yotsanuliridwa pamwamba ndikusindikizidwa mozungulira. Chifukwa chake, panali imfa yayikulu ya nsomba - sanathe kuyimilira ulendo wawo wapanyanja. Pokhapokha akatswiri aku ichthyologists aku Europe atalankhula ndi anthu am'deralo ndikuphunzira komwe dzina la nsomba limayambira, migoloyo idayamba kudzaza 2/3 yokha, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zizitha kuperekanso zitsanzo zoyambirira kumayiko aku Europe. Mu 1896.
Ponena za magawidwe achilengedwe a gourami - tsopano nsombazi zimakhala ku Southeast Asia komanso pafupifupi zilumba zonse zoyandikana ndi mainland. Gourami wodziwika bwinoyu ali ndi malo otakata kwambiri - amakhala m'madera ambiri ochokera ku India kupita kuzilumba zaku Malay. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana mitundu - kutengera dera. Pafupifupi. Sumatra ndi Borneo ndi pearl gourami wopezeka paliponse. Thailand ndi Cambodia ndizanyumba yamwezi.
Chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwawo, gourami adadziwitsidwa bwino kumalo omwe sanapezekepo kale: pafupifupi. Java, m'madzi ndi mitsinje ya Antilles.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe a gourami m'matumba amadzi momwe sayenera kulumikizidwa ndi am'madzi omwe amatulutsa nsomba zam'madzi mu chilengedwe.
Kodi gourami amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: nsomba za gourami
M'dera lawo lachilengedwe, gourami amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta m'madzi ndi mphutsi za udzudzu wa malungo. Chakudya cha nsomba ndi chomera sichimanyoza - magawo azomera amoyo amakhala pamalo oyenera pazosankha zawo. Chifukwa chake, nsomba izi zimasankhanso pazakudya, komanso posankha malo okhala.
Mukasunga gourami m'nyanja yamadzi, ndikofunikira kusamalira zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Ndi kudyetsa mwadongosolo ndi chakudya chouma (daphnia yemweyo), m'pofunika kupereka gawo loti pakamwa pa gourami ndi kochepa. Chifukwa chake, chakudyacho chizifanana "kukula".
Ndikofunikira kuwadyetsa katatu patsiku, koma mosamala muziwongolera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chotsanulidwa - muyenera kupereka chimodzimodzi momwe nsomba zingadye mumphindi zochepa. Kupanda kutero, daphnia wosadyedwayo ayamba kuwola, zomwe zingawononge dziwe komanso kuwononga madzi. The gouramis mosakayikira adzapulumuka, koma aesthetics idzasokonezedwa.
Mfundo ina yofunika yokhudza zakudya za gourami ndikuti nsombazi zimatha kupirira njala zazitali (mpaka masiku 5-10), ndipo popanda zovuta zilizonse zathanzi. Izi zikunenanso zakusinthasintha modabwitsa komanso kupulumuka kwa gourami.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Pearl Gourami
Kupirira modabwitsa komanso kupezeka kwa gawo lapadera la kupuma kumathandiza kuti zizolowere pafupifupi madzi aliwonse ndikumapirira mosavuta kusowa kwa aeration yokumba (ngakhale nsomba zina zam'madzi am'madzi oyambira - omata omwewo, malupanga ndi zebrafish, amafa msanga pakalibe fyuluta ndi aerator).
Ndikofunika kutsimikizira kupirira kwapadera kwa gourami ndi zowona. Chifukwa chake, nsombazi zimatha kukhala popanda zovuta pamitundu yambiri yolimba komanso ma acidity.
Poterepa, magawo oyenera kwambiri kwa iwo adzakhala:
- madzi amchere pang'ono (okhala ndi asidi acid pH = 6.0-6.8);
- kuuma kosapitirira 10 ° dH;
- kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala pamlingo wa 25-27 ° С, ndipo panthawi yobzala, pamafunika kutentha mpaka 28-30 ° С.
Komanso, kutentha kumawoneka ngati gawo lofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa nsomba zam'malo otentha zimalekerera kwambiri, zimayamba kuvulaza. Chifukwa chake, m'madzi okhala ndi gourami, thermostat ndiyofunika kwambiri kuposa fyuluta ndi aerator. Momwemo, zonse zimagwirizana ndi moyo weniweni.
Zina mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe ndizofunikira pamakhalidwe abodza. Ndikofunikira kuyika ndere zamoyo mu gouram aquarium, ndikuziyika m'magulu kuti pakhale malo osambira. Ndipo - ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kupezeka kwa algae kokha, komanso zomera zoyandama (Riccia, Pistia).
Kufunika kwa zomerazi ndikuti zizitha kufewetsa kuwala kowala, komwe kumathandizira amuna kuti apange zisa zachangu kuchokera ku thovu (gourami, monga banja labwino, amasamalira ana awo). Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zomerazo siziyenera kuphimba pamwamba pa madzi 100% - gourami imayandama nthawi ndi nthawi kumeza mpweya.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakusunga gourami mu aquarium ndikupezeka kwa zokutira. Mothandizidwa ndi chida chosavuta, mutha kuthetsa mavuto awiri. Choyamba, muonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya ndikutentha kwamadzi - kumeza mpweya wotere, gourami singawononge labyrinth yawo yapadera, yomwe imakhudzanso kusiyana kwa kutentha. Kachiwiri, magalasi amaletsa kufa kwa anthu omwe amangodumpha kwambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nsomba za gourami
Kukula msinkhu kwa nsomba za gourami kumachitika miyezi 8-12. Monga lamulo, mkazi amayikira mazira nthawi 4-5 nthawi pakati masiku 10-12, pambuyo pake njira yoberekera imatha. Chiwerengero cha mazira ndi pafupifupi zidutswa 50-200 pa zinyalala. Ma dimorphism ogonana amadziwika bwino pafupifupi pafupifupi onse oimira mtundu wa Gourami. Kuphatikiza pa kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake ka kumapeto (komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa), popanga, mamba a amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wowala.
Amuna okhawo gourami amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga chisa. Zinthu za chisa ndi mpweya ndi malovu - nsombayo imamangirira thovu lake. "Ukadaulo" wosavuta kwambiri umakupatsani mwayi wopanga chisa chabwino, chomwe kukula kwake kumafika masentimita asanu ndipo kumatha kuthandizira ana onse. Monga lamulo, gourami samangodutsa tsiku limodzi kuti athetse "nkhani yanyumba". Kenako "mutu wabanja" amapempha wamkazi kuti abereke. Yaimuna imagwira mazira pakamwa pake ndikuwayika mu chisa, momwe kukula kwawo kumachitika.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu ina ya gourami imabereka popanda kumanga mazira. Zikatere, mazirawo amangoyandama pamwamba pamadzi. Chilichonse chomwe chinali cha ife, koma champhongo chokha ndicho chimasamalira caviar.
Mphutsi za gourami zimatuluka m'mazira pafupifupi tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Nsomba zomwe zangobadwa kumene ndizocheperako, zimakhala ndi yolk sac, yomwe imakhala ngati chakudya chawo m'masiku 3-4 otsatira. "Chakudya" chotsatira pamndandanda wa gourami ndi ma ciliates, zooplankton ndi ma protozoa ena. Koma m'malo opangira, atangotenga mwachangu chisa, gourami wamwamuna ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo mu aquarium: bambo wosamala kwambiri amatha kuwononga ana, kuyesera kuwabwezeretsa ku chisa.
Labu la labyrinthine la gourami wakhanda limapangidwa masabata 2-3 okha atabadwa, kotero poyamba zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa ana kukhala ndi madzi oyera okhala ndi aeration wabwino. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchotsa chakudya chochuluka kuchokera ku aquarium panthawi yake. Pansi pazoyenera, mwachangu amakula mwachangu, koma mosagwirizana, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musanjanitse bwino kukula kwake.
Adani achilengedwe a gourami
Chithunzi: Kodi gourami amawoneka bwanji
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba za gourami zimawopsezedwa ndi nsomba zonse zodya nyama, komanso mbalame zam'madzi ndi akamba. Adani ena a gourami ndi ma Sumatran barbs kapena malupanga. Osewerawa amavulaza gourami wokonda mtendere, ndipo koposa zonse amagwera pamapiko ndi masharubu omvera.
M'malo mwake, mu aquarium, maubale omwewo pakati pa nsomba amasungidwa monga nyama zakutchire. Mitundu, yomwe poyamba imatsutsana wina ndi mnzake m'matumba achilengedwe, sichimagwirizana m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe simukuyenera kuwononga ubongo wanu pakupeza chakudya ndi malo okhala - kupezeka kwa izi zonse kumaperekedwa ndi munthu.
Kutengera izi, gourami sayenera kuyikidwa ndi zikuluzikulu zazikulu zaku Africa ndi America, komanso nsomba zagolide. Nsombazi ndi adani awo olumbiridwa m'malo awo achilengedwe, chifukwa chake, m'malo ochepa, sadzasiya mwayi wokonda mtendere.
Ndipo kuchokera ku milandu yaukali ya gourami pafupifupi sizimachitika konse. Chochitika chofananachi chitha kungoyambitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe am'modzi mwa nsombazo kapena poteteza mwachangu (chisa pakubala). Ndipo, ngati nkhondo zichitika, ndiye kuti omwe akumenyera nkhondo ndi abale kapena mitundu yofanana.
Kukhalapo kwa aquarium yayikulu yokhala ndi malo ambiri okhalamo kumatha kuyanjanitsa gourami ngakhale ndi nsomba zomwe kusamvana kumatha kukhala m'malo awo achilengedwe (monga ana, ana, rasbora).
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Golden Gourami
Gourami ndi mtundu wambiri wa nsomba - nthumwi za mitundu yake yambiri zimapezeka m'madzi oyenda a mitsinje yoyera ndi mitsinje, komanso m'madzi osasunthika, omwe poyang'ana koyamba, munthu yemwe ali kutali ndi ichthyology, amawoneka ngati wosayenera pamoyo (kapena m'malo ngati amenewa, zomwe sizingatchedwe matupi amadzi - minda yampunga yodzaza madzi, mwachitsanzo).
Mitundu ina yamtundu wa gourami (mwachitsanzo, wamawangamawanga ndi bulauni) imatha kulekerera kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa mchere. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kupezeka m'malo okhala ndi mafunde ambiri komanso kumitsinje yomwe imatsikira kunyanja.
Kukhalapo kwa gawo linalake la kupuma kumathandizira kwambiri kuthekera kosintha kwa gourami - chifukwa cha izi, amadziwa malo omwe mumakhala mpweya wochepa kwambiri m'madzi. Zomwe zilipo sizokwanira nsomba ina iliyonse, yomwe imapatsa gourami mawonekedwe olimba pakukula kwa malo padzuwa. Zikuoneka kuti chilengedwe chimapatsa nsomba izi ufulu waulere.
Mphamvu ina yapadera ya gourami ndikutsutsa kwawo zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda - amakhala m'matumba am'madzi momwe zinyalala zamafakitale kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochokera kuminda yazaulimi amatayidwa.
Ponena za zinthu zopangira - posankha aquarium, munthu ayenera kuganizira, makamaka, kukula kwa nsomba zazikulu za gourami. Ngati nyanja yamchere yokhala ndi malita 20 kapena kupitilira apo ndiyabwino kwa ochepa kapena uchi gourami, kwa anthu angapo, ndiye kuti mitundu ikuluikulu iyenera kupereka malita 80-100. Ndizomveka kusunga akazi 3-4 amwamuna aliyense. Kuchepetsa kuponderezana kwapadera. Muyenera kuyika nthaka yakuda pansi kuti mtundu wa nsomba za gourami uziwoneka mosiyana kwambiri.
Gourami - nsomba zamtendere, zimasinthasintha bwino pafupifupi malo aliwonse okhala. Chokhacho ndichakuti pamwamba pamadzi pamafunika kukhudzana ndi mpweya, chifukwa apo ayi nsombazi sizitha kupuma bwino ndipo zifa. Palibenso zofunikira zina pakuswana kwawo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03.12.2019
Idasinthidwa: 07.09.2019 pa 19:34
