Kea Ndi mbalame yaku New Zealand. Amadziwikanso kuti parrot yamapiri ku New Zealand, yomwe ndi parrot weniweni yekhayo padziko lapansi. Kea adavekedwa mbalame ya Chaka Chatsopano ya New Zealand, ndi mavoti opitilira chikwi omwe adaponyedwa pamtunduwu kuposa omwe adakhalapo. Kea pakadali pano akuwopsezedwa kuti atha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kea
Kea (Nestor notabilis) amapezeka kudera lakumwera kwa Alps ku New Zealand ndipo ndi parrot yekhayo padziko lonse lapansi. Mbalamezi zomwe zimakonda kucheza komanso anzeru kwambiri zimazolowera kukhala m'malo ovutawa. Tsoka ilo, machitidwe omwe kea adapanga kuti apulumuke, chidwi chake komanso chidwi chofuna kudya, zadzetsa mikangano ndi anthu pazaka 150 zapitazi. Kuzunzidwa ndi kuzunzidwa kukuwononga kwambiri anthu a Kea, ndipo ndi mbalame zochepa chabe zomwe zatsala, Kea ndi mtundu womwe uli pangozi m'dziko lonselo.
Kanema: Kea
Kea ndi chinkhwe chachikulu chomwe chimakhala ndi nthenga zobiriwira za azitona zomwe zimalowa mkati mwa buluu kwambiri kumapeto kwa mapiko. Pansi pamapiko ndi pansi pamchira, mawonekedwe ake ndi ofiira-lalanje. Akazi a Kea ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna ndipo amakhala ndi milomo yayifupi.
Zosangalatsa: Mbalame zina zambiri zachilengedwe ku New Zealand sizimauluka, kuphatikizapo wachibale wa kea, kakapo. Mosiyana ndi izi, kea amatha kuuluka bwino kwambiri.
Dzinalo ndi onomatopoeic, ponena za kufuula kwawo kofuula "keee-aaa". Awa sindiwo phokoso lokhalo lomwe amapanga - amalankhulanso mwakachetechete, ndipo achinyamatawo amalira mosiyanasiyana ndikulira.
Kea ndi mbalame zanzeru kwambiri. Amaphunzira maluso odyetsa ochokera kwa makolo awo ndi mbalame zina zakale, ndipo amakhala odziwa bwino milomo ndi zikhadabo zawo. Momwe chilengedwe chawo chimasinthira, kea adaphunzira kusintha. Kea ali ndi chidwi chambiri ndipo amakonda kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndikusintha ma puzzles. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa momwe mbalame zanzeru izi zimagwirira ntchito m'magulu kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi kea ikuwoneka bwanji
Kea ndi chinjoka champhamvu chouluka chachikulu pafupifupi 48 cm kutalika ndi 0.8-1 makilogalamu kulemera, chofala m'mapiri a South Island ku New Zealand. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi nthenga zobiriwira za azitona zokhala ndi lalanje lowala pansi pa mapiko ake ndipo ili ndi milomo yayikulu, yopapatiza, yopindika, yofiirira.
Wamkulu kea ali ndi mawonekedwe awa:
- nsonga zobiriwira zamkuwa;
- kutsika kofiyira kumbuyo kofiyira, kotambalala kumipando yakumtunda;
- nthenga zakuthwa zakuda, zomwe zimapangitsa nthenga kukhala zowala;
- kumunsi kwa thupi kuli maolivi obiriwira;
- Zingwe zamapiko zofiira lalanje, zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yachikaso ndi yakuda yotambalala mpaka pansi pa nthenga;
- nthenga zakunja ndizamtambo, ndipo zapansi ndizonyezimira;
- mutu wake ndi wobiriwira-wamkuwa;
- mlomo wakuda wakuda ndi nsagwada yayitali yokhotakhota ndi chidwi chachikulu;
- maso ndi oderapo ndi mphete yachikaso yopyapyala yachikaso;
- zikhasu ndi mapazi ndi zaimvi;
- wamkazi ndi wofanana ndi wamwamuna, koma ali ndi mlomo wamfupi, wokhala ndi dzanja lopindika pang'ono, ndipo ndi wocheperapo kuposa wamwamuna.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kuyimba kwa kea kofala kwambiri ndikulira kwakutali, kwamphamvu, kofuula, komwe kumatha kumveka ngati "kee-ee-aa-aa" kapena "keeeeeaaaa" wopitilira. Phokoso la achinyamata silimakhazikika mokwanira, limakhala ngati kulira mokweza kapena kukweza.
Ngakhale kea amadziwika ndi luso lawo lotengera kutulutsa mawu, sanafufuzidwe kawirikawiri, ndipo ntchito yawo (kuphatikiza kutsanzira mamvekedwe opangidwa ndi zamoyo zina, kapena ngakhale phokoso lachilendo monga mphepo) silinaphunzirepo konse mu mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Kea ndi membala wa nthambi yakale kwambiri yamabanja achimwini, parrot waku New Zealand.
Zosangalatsa: Mbalame zobiriwira za azitona ndizanzeru kwambiri komanso zimasewera, zomwe zidadzipangira dzina loti "chisokonezo chamapiri." Anthu aku New Zealand sanazolowere kuzolowera mbalame, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutsegula zitini kuti mupeze chakudya chamafuta, kuba zinthu m'matumba, kuwononga magalimoto, komanso kuimitsa magalimoto.
Kodi kea amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kea ku New Zealand
Native ku New Zealand, kea ndi mitundu yotetezedwa komanso ma parrot okhaokha padziko lapansi - omwe amakonda kwambiri New Zealand. Kea amapezeka m'mapiri a South Island ku New Zealand okha. Kea amapezeka kumapiri akumwera kwa Alps, koma amapezeka kwambiri kumadzulo. Kea akhoza kukhala mu ukapolo zaka 14.4. Zaka zakutchire sizinanenedwe.
Kea amakhala m'nkhalango zokhala ndi malo okwera kwambiri, zigwa zazitali kwambiri, mapiri otsetsereka ndi nkhalango kunja kwa zitsamba za subalpine, pamtunda wa 600 mpaka 2000 mita. Nthawi zina imatha kutsikira kuzigwa zochepa. M'nyengo yotentha, kea amakhala m'tchire lamapiri ataliatali komanso alpine tundra. M'dzinja, amapita kumadera okwera kukadya zipatso. M'nyengo yozizira, imamira pansi pamatabwa.
Chosangalatsa: Kea zinkhwe zimakonda kuthera nthawi yawo pansi, kusangalatsa anthu omwe akudumpha. Komabe, akamauluka, amadzionetsa ngati oyendetsa ndege abwino.
Kea amakonda kulowa m'nyumba momwe angathere, ngakhale kudzera mu chimneys. Kamodzi munyumba, palibe chopatulika, ngati ndichinthu chomwe chingatafunidwe, ndiye kuti ayesera kuchichita.
Kodi kea amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Predatory parrot kea
Kea ndi omnivores, amadyetsa mitundu yambiri yazomera ndi nyama. Amadyetsa mitengo ndikupukuta, zipatso, masamba, timadzi tokoma ndi mbewu, amakumba mphutsi za tizilombo ndikubzala ma tubers (monga ma orchids achibadwidwe) m'nthaka, ndikukumba zipika zowola kuti apeze mphutsi, makamaka m'nkhalango za Rome ndi m'minda ya paini.
Nyama zina zaku kea pamatumba a Hatton ku Siward Kaikoura Ridge, ndipo m'mayendedwe awo amakolola mitembo ya agwape, chamois, tara ndi nkhosa. Mbalame zimakonda kukhala kumbuyo kwa nkhosa ndikukumba pakhungu lawo ndi minofu kuti zifike pamafuta ozungulira impso, zomwe zingayambitse septicemia yoopsa. Khalidwe ili silofala, koma lakhala chifukwa chomwe kea akhala akuzunzidwa kwazaka zopitilira zana.
M'malo mwake, kea ikhoza kukhala mbalame yoopsa kuti iukire nkhosa iliyonse yosasamaliridwa. Ndizokonda izi zomwe zidathandizira kuyika mbalameyo pangozi, popeza alimi ndi abusa adaganiza zowapha ambiri. Tsoka ilo ndi kea, kusuta kwawo mafuta amkhosa kudawaika pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha pomwe alimi adawombera zoposa 150,000 za iwo mpaka mchitidwewo utaletsedwa mu 1971.
Chifukwa chake, kea ndi omnivorous ndipo amadya zakudya zamtundu ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana, monga:
- zopangidwa ndi matabwa ndi mbewu monga masamba, timadzi tokoma, zipatso, mizu ndi njere;
- kafadala ndi mphutsi zomwe amakumba pansi kapena pazipika zowola;
- nyama zina, kuphatikizapo anapiye a mitundu ina, monga petrel, kapena womangirira ndi nyama ya nkhosa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Parrot kea pothawa
Odwala ku New Zealand, ma parrot anzeru kwambiri akuthana ndi kulimba mtima kwawo, chidwi komanso kusewera. Mbalamezi zimakonda kuyesa zinthu zatsopano. Mukawapatsa chakudya chamasana, amatenga m'mbale zonse ndikumeza m'kapu iliyonse, ndipo akatha kudya, mbale zonse zidzatayidwa.
Ma kea omwe sakukhutira ndi chidwi, okoka mtima komanso okhumudwitsa amakhalanso olimba. Amatha kupirira kutentha kosiyanasiyana ndikusangalala ndi chilichonse kuyambira zipatso, masamba, zipatso, ndi timadzi tokoma mpaka tizilombo, mizu, ndi nyama zakufa. Amadziwikanso kuti amatolera zakudya m'zitini za anthu. M'malo mwake, kea amatchuka chifukwa cha minda ya ski yaku South Island komanso misewu yoyendayenda, komwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi olimba mtima, osasamala komanso nthawi zambiri amakhala owononga.
Kea amakonda kumangoyendayenda m'mapiri a picnic ndi malo oimikapo magalimoto, mwina chifukwa ndi gwero losavuta la chakudya chopatsa thanzi, ndipo mwina chifukwa apa ndi pomwe amadzavulazidwa kwambiri. Young kea, makamaka, ndi ana achilengedwe a makolo awo - ali ndi chidwi ndipo amasokoneza choseweretsa chilichonse chatsopano. Nzika ndi alendo nawonso amafotokoza nkhani za mbalame zonyansa zopachikidwa padenga ndi nyumba zawo.
Zosangalatsa: Kea nthawi zambiri amakhala mbalame zokonda kucheza ndipo sizichita bwino patokha motero sizisungidwa ngati ziweto. Amakhala zaka pafupifupi 15, nthawi zambiri m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 15. Kea amalumikizana ndi mitundu ingapo yamawu, komanso kupuma.
Kea amadutsa nthawi, amadzuka m'mawa kuti ayambe kuyitana, kenako amapeza chakudya mpaka m'mawa. Nthawi zambiri amagona pakati pa nthawi yamasana ndikuyambiranso chakudya madzulo, nthawi zina mdima usanagwe, akagona pa nthambi za mitengo. Nthawi yochitira zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku zimadalira nyengo. Kea samalolera kutentha ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali usiku wonse kutentha.
Kea amatha kusintha ndipo amatha kuphunzira kapena kupanga mayankho kuti apulumuke. Amatha kufufuza ndikuwongolera zinthu m'malo awo, komanso kuwononga zida zamagalimoto ndi zinthu zina. Khalidwe lachiwonongeko ndi chidwi chimawonedwa ndi asayansi ngati zina zamasewera. Nthawi zambiri imawoneka ikuseweretsa nthambi kapena miyala, imodzi kapena m'magulu. Kea amalondola nyama zolusa komanso zolowetsa m'magulu ngati mbalame imodzi yagululi ili pachiwopsezo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Male ndi wamkazi kea
Kea ali ndi mitala. Amuna amamenyera maulamuliro ndi ulamuliro. Maudindo amenewa si ofanana. Mwamuna wamkulu amatha kupondereza wamkulu, koma wamwamuna wachinyamata amathanso kumulamulira wamwamuna wamkulu. Amakhala m'magulu am'banja ndipo amadyetsa pagulu la mbalame 30 mpaka 40, nthawi zambiri m'malo otayira zinyalala.
Akazi a Kea amakula msinkhu akafika zaka zitatu, ndipo amuna azaka pafupifupi 4-5. Amuna a Kea amatha kukwatirana ndi akazi anayi nthawi yokolola. Akazi achikazi a Kea nthawi zambiri amaikira clutch ya mazira 3-4 pakati pa Julayi ndi Januware m'misasa yomangidwa m'miyala. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 22-24, anapiye amakhala pachisa kwa miyezi itatu. Mzimayi amafungatira ndi kudyetsa ana mwa kumenyetsa.
Zisa za Kea zimapezeka m'mabowo pansi pa zipika, miyala ndi mizu yamitengo, komanso m'ming'alu yapakati pa miyala, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kumanga zisa kwa zaka zingapo. Amawonjezera zobzala monga timitengo, udzu, moss ndi ndere kuzisa.
Yaimuna imabweretsa chakudya chachikazi, kuyidyetsa ndikubwezeretsanso pafupi ndi chisa. Kuuluka kwakulu mu Disembala-February, ndi avareji ya anapiye 1.6 pachisa. Mbalameyi imasiya chisa kuti idyetse kawiri patsiku kwa ola limodzi m'mawa komanso usiku pomwe mbalamezo zili pachiwopsezo chosapitilira kilomita imodzi kuchokera pachisa. Anawo akafika pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, wamwamuna amathandizira kudyetsa. Achinyamata amakhalabe m'chisa kwa milungu 10 mpaka 13, kenako amachoka.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri kea amapangidwa kamodzi kamodzi pachaka. Zazimayi zitha kukhalanso zaka zingapo motsatira, koma sizazimayi zonse zomwe zimachita izi chaka chilichonse.
Adani achilengedwe a kea
Chithunzi: Parrot ya New Zealand
Stoat ndiye nyama yayikulu kwambiri ya kea, ndipo amphaka nawonso amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu pamene anthu awo alanda malo a kea. Ma opossum amadziwika kuti amasaka kea ndikusokoneza zisa, ngakhale sizowopsa ngati ziweto, ndipo nthawi zina makoswe amathanso kuwonedwa posaka mazira a kea. Kea amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa amakhala pachisa m'mabowo omwe amapezeka mosavuta.
Kupha poyizoni kunali koopsa makamaka ku kea, popeza nyumba zikwizikwi zakale zinali zomwazikana m'malo akutali a South Island zomwe zitha kupha kea yofuna kudziwa. Zotsatira zakupha poyizoni kwa mbalame zinali zowopsa, kuphatikiza kuwonongeka kwaubongo ndi kufa. Akuti kea 150,000 aphedwa kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1860 chifukwa cha mphotho yaboma yomwe idayambitsidwa pambuyo pa mkangano ndi oweta nkhosa.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Kea Conservation Fund awonetsa kuti magawo awiri mwa atatu a anapiye a kea safika pamimba chifukwa mazira awo ali pansi ndipo amadyedwa ndi ma ermines, makoswe ndi ma possum (omwe boma la New Zealand ladzipereka kuthetseratu pofika chaka cha 2050).
Dipatimenti Yosunga ndi Kea Conservation Fund ikupitilizabe kulemba zakufa mwadala kwa kea chaka chilichonse (kuchokera kuwombera mfuti, ndodo, kapena poyizoni wamunthu), ngakhale zikhulupiriro zoterezi sizimanenedwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi ka parrot amaoneka bwanji
Tsoka ilo, ndizovuta kupeza kuyerekezera kolondola kwa anthu aku Kea, popeza mbalame zimafalikira m'malo ochepa. Komabe akuti pafupifupi mbalame 1,000 mpaka 5,000 za mbalamezi zimakhala m'derali. Mbalame zochepa kwambiri zimachitika chifukwa chakusaka kwankhanza m'mbuyomu.
Kea ankakonda kusaka ziweto monga nkhosa, zomwe zimabweretsa vuto lalikulu kwa alimi m'derali. Zotsatira zake, boma la New Zealand linalipira mowolowa manja ma kea, kutanthauza kuti mbalamezi zizichotsedwa m'minda ndipo chifukwa chake silikhala vuto kwa alimi. Tsoka ilo, izi zapangitsa kuti alenje ena apite kumalo osungirako zachilengedwe, komwe adatetezedwa mwalamulo, kukawasaka kuti adzalandire mphotho.
Zotsatira zake zinali zakuti mbalame pafupifupi 150,000 zidaphedwa pazaka pafupifupi 100. Mu 1970, mphothoyo idathetsedwa, ndipo mu 1986 mbalamezo zidatetezedwa kwathunthu. Mbalame zamavuto tsopano zimachotsedwa m'mafamu ndi akuluakulu ndikusunthidwa m'malo mophedwa. Anthu aku Kea akuwoneka kuti ndi okhazikika, makamaka m'malo osungira nyama komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana otetezedwa. Koma mitunduyi imagawidwa ngati yosatetezeka ndipo ili ndi malire ochepa.
Chitetezo cha Kea
Chithunzi: Kea wochokera ku Red Book
Kea adatchulidwa kuti "ali pangozi," ndi anthu pafupifupi 3,000 koma 7,000 kuthengo. Mu 1986, boma la New Zealand lidapereka chitetezo chonse cha kea, ndikupangitsa kuti kusaloledwa kuvulaza mbalame zachilendozi. Kea amachitidwa bizinezi yopindulitsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amalandidwa ndi kutumizidwa kunja kukagulitsa nyama zakuda. Mitunduyi tsopano ikutetezedwa ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso mabungwe.
Mu 2006, Kea Nature Conservation Fund idakhazikitsidwa kuti izithandiza kuphunzitsa ndi kuthandiza nzika za madera omwe kea ndi zachilengedwe. Zimathandizanso kupeza ndalama zofufuzira komanso zimathandizira pakuyesetsa kuteteza mbalameyo kuti ikhale yotetezeka komanso nafe kwamuyaya. Gulu lofufuzira lidawona zisa za kea madera akumwera chakumadzulo mpaka Kaurangi National Park komanso m'malo ambiri apakati. Maderawa ndi otsetsereka, nkhalango zowirira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, popeza kea imatha kuyamba kuswana kudakali chipale chofewa pansi, motero kutsatira kea zakutchire, kunyamula kamera yanu ndi mabatire akuluakulu, ndizovuta kwenikweni.
Ogwira ntchito ku New Zealand nawonso akuwunika mitengo ngati ali ndi zodzala zolemera. Kea ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbewu (beech mast). Kuwongolera mbalame kumateteza kea ndi mitundu ina yachilengedwe kuchokera kuzilombo. Zotsatira zamaphunziro okhudzana ndi kea zapereka kumvetsetsa bwino kwamomwe angachepetse chiopsezo cha kea chifukwa chothana ndi tizilombo m'dera la kea. Panopa pali machitidwe azomwe zimachitika ku Kea, ndikutsatiridwa ndi machitidwe onse omwe amapezeka m'malo otetezedwa ndi boma.
Mbalame ya kea ndiyoseweretsa kwambiri, yolimba mtima komanso yofuna kudziwa zambiri.Ndi mbalame zaphokoso, zaphokoso zomwe zimayenda ndikudumphira mmbali kupita kutsogolo. Ngozi zomwe zili pangozi ndi mbalame yokhayokha yam'mapiri ya padziko lonse komanso imodzi mwa mbalame zanzeru kwambiri. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe kea ndi gawo lofunikira pa zokopa alendo ku New Zealand, chifukwa anthu ambiri amabwera kumalo osungira nyama kudzawawona.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 11/17/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 05.09.2019 pa 17:49
