Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur Ndi nyama yokongola, yokongola. Ndizo amphaka a Bengal ndipo ndizofanana ndi kambuku wa Amur ndi kambuku wa Far East. M'mabuku ambiri olemba, amapezeka pansi pa dzina la mphaka waku Far East. Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu samakonda kufunika kwa nyama yamtunduwu. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa nyama kwatsika kwambiri, ndipo atsala pang'ono kutha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur
Mphaka wa m'nkhalango ya Amur ndi nyama yomwe imakonda kuyamwa. Iye ndi woimira gulu la nyama zodyera, banja la mphalapala, banja laling'ono la amphaka ang'onoang'ono, amphaka amtundu waku Asia, mitundu ya amphaka aku Bengal, subspecies amphaka amtchire a Amur.
Far East imawerengedwa kuti ndi kwawo komwe amakhala m'nkhalango ya Bengal. Pakadali pano, asayansi sangathe kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za chiyambi cha nyama iyi. Idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1871. Kuyambira pamenepo, kuzunzidwa kunayamba kwa iye. Mphaka anali kusakidwa ndi ozembetsa nyama kuti apeze ubweya wamtengo wapatali wopangira makola ndi zipewa.
Kanema: Katchi wamatchi a Amur
Akatswiri ambiri a zoo amakhulupirira kuti akambuku a Amur ndi amphaka am'nkhalango ali ndi makolo akale wamba ndipo mbiri yawo ili pafupifupi zaka miliyoni ndi theka. Zotsalira za kholo lakale lanyama zidapezeka mdera la China chamakono, pachilumba cha Java. Malinga ndi zizindikilo zina, zidapezeka kuti zotsalazo zinali za nyama yomwe inali m'gulu la Panther Paleogenesis. Pambuyo pake, makolo a nyama izi anafalikira ku Asia, Siberia, ndi madera ena. Malo awo okhala anali ambiri.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi sanazindikire kufunika kwa nyama zamtunduwu konse, osaziona ngati zofunika. Kunyalanyaza koteroko kunadzetsa zovuta zosatheka, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa nyama kudatsika mpaka kuchuluka kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur amawoneka bwanji
Kunja, mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mphaka wamkulu, wofewa. Ili ndi mawonekedwe angapo.
Khalidwe la nyama:
- miyendo yayitali yokongola;
- miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayitali kuposa yakutsogolo;
- mutu waudongo, wooneka bwino, wopota pang'ono m'mphuno;
- Pamphuno pali wandiweyani, vibrissae yayitali;
- wamphamvu, nsagwada wamphamvu wokhala ndi zitoliro zazitali, zakuthwa.
Pakati pa nthumwi za amphaka, Amur amphaka ndi amodzi mwa ang'ono kwambiri. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 6-8. Kutalika pakufota ndi masentimita 40-50, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi mita. Mwa nyama izi, mawonekedwe azakugonana amatchulidwa kwambiri - akazi ndi osalimba komanso osangalatsa poyerekeza ndi amuna. Nyama zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mchira wautali, wopyapyala komanso wofewa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa gawo ili la thupi kumatha kufikira masentimita 40.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Amur amphaka amphaka ndi thupi kusintha kwambiri, wachisomo, elongated. Kukongola ndi chisomo zimawonekera makamaka pamayendedwe a nyamayo. Nyama zakhala ndi minofu yotukuka kwambiri, chifukwa chake imasiyana pakupirira ndi mphamvu.
Chosangalatsa: Chosiyana ndi nyama ndikupezeka kwa khungu lopanda kanthu pa mlatho wa mphuno.
Amphaka ali ndi maso owoneka bwino, okhazikika komanso otalikirana kwambiri ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira. Mbali yakutsogolo ya mphuno ndi yotakata kwambiri komanso yolimba. Mphuno ndi yotakata komanso yosalala. Ubweya wa nyama zodabwitsa izi umayenera kusamaliridwa mwapadera. Ndi wandiweyani, wamfupi komanso wosalala. Tsitsi loyang'anira limakhala lalitali masentimita asanu. M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya wa nyama umakhala wokulirapo komanso kupepuka kuti upereke kutentha ndi kubisala m'nyengo yozizira.
Mtundu wa nyama umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana: kuyambira chikaso ndi imvi mpaka bulauni ndi bulauni. Thupi lakumunsi, pamimba, miyendo ndi mawonekedwe ofananira ndi thupi nthawi zonse amakhala owala kwambiri. Pali madera owoneka oval pamagawo osiyanasiyana amthupi. Zili zozungulira, zotsekedwa m'mizere yakuda. Achinyamata ali ndi mawanga ambiri mthupi kuposa achikulire kapena nyama zakale.
Kodi mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur ku Russia
Nthawi zambiri, nyamazi zimapezeka m'malo awo achilengedwe m'zigwa za nyanja, m'miyala yamapiri otsika, m'dera lamapiri ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi udzu wamtali ndi zomera. Amapezeka m'mabedi obiriwira. Nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala m'nkhalango. Komanso, sizisankha posankha nkhalango. Anthu ena amatha kukwera mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa mita yoposa 400-550 kuchokera kunyanja. Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Kupatula kwake ndi madera omwe ntchito zazikulu zaulimi zimayendetsedwa.
Amphaka amtchire a Amur omasuka kwambiri amadzimva kuti ali m'malo achitetezo, komanso amateteza nkhalango, komwe palibe amene angawasokoneze. Nyamayo imakonda kukhala m'malo obisika padziko lapansi. Si zachilendo kuti iye akwere pamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi zina imatha kuoneka mu taiga.
Pofika nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yozizira, munthawi yomwe matalala amagwa, omwe amakhala ndi ayezi, nyama zimabisala m'malo obisalamo. Mwakutero, ming'alu yamiyala, mapako ataliatali a mitengo, mabowo opanda ziweto a nyama zina atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amphaka amatha kuchoka pogona pokha pokhapokha madzi oundana atakhala olimba komanso olimba mokwanira kuthandizira thupi la kanyama kakang'ono kozizira.
Mwachilengedwe, nyama ndizamanyazi kwambiri, motero ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira. Munthu kapena nyama iliyonse ikafika pafupi, amathamangira kukabisala mmenemo kapena kukwera pamwamba pa mtengo.
Kodi mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur kuchokera ku Red Book
Zakudya zimadalira nyengo ndi nyengo yake. M'nyengo yotentha, nyengo yozizira isanayambike, mphaka amayesetsa kusunga mafuta ochulukirapo kuti athe kupirira kuzizira komanso kusowa kwa chakudya. M'nyengo yotentha, mphaka m'modzi amatha kudya mbewa ziwiri kapena zitatu ndi mbalame zingapo, ngakhale ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Chifukwa chodyera chakudya chochuluka munthawi yotentha, chinyama sichingadye chilichonse m'nyengo yozizira kwa milungu ingapo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngakhale kuti amphaka ena onse ndi nyama zachilengedwe komanso osaka bwino, mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur ndiwosiyana ndi wamba. Nthawi zambiri samachoka pogona pake, kudikirira kuti nyamayo iziyenda yokhayokha. Mwanjira imeneyi, nthawi zina amatha kupeza makoswe okwanira.
Chakudya cha mphaka wa m'nkhalango ya Amur:
- hares;
- mbalame zamitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- makoswe;
- zokwawa;
- miloza.
Nthawi zina, amphaka amatha kusaka nyama zazikulu - nswala zazing'ono kapena mbawala. Si zachilendo kwa olusawa kusaka nthawi zambiri, koma mwachilengedwe amapatsidwa chisomo chodabwitsa komanso luso losaka. Amasankha malo obisalira ndikudikirira nyama yawo. Nthawi zambiri kusaka nyama kumachita bwino, chifukwa ndiwokwera kukwera mitengo yayitali ndipo amatha kuwukira nyama yomwe ili pamwamba.
Nthawi zambiri, wozunzidwayo amakhala alibe nthawi yoti adziwe kuti watsala pang'ono kutha. Mdani wolusa amamugwira ndikumuluma m'khosi ndi mano azitali komanso akuthwa. Nthawi zambiri amapita kukasaka mumdima, ndipo masana amabisala m'malo awo. Ngati amphaka amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, amatha kusaka nkhuku ndi nkhuku zina.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur nthawi yozizira
Amphaka amur mwachilengedwe ndi nyama zosathamanga, zokoma, komanso zosamala. Amakonda kukhala moyo wawokha. Ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe, nyengo yobereketsa ikayamba, amasonkhana m'magulu.
Malo onse amphaka amtchire a Amur amagawidwa pakati pa anthu m'mabwalo. Pali makilomita pafupifupi 8-10 a wamkulu aliyense. Zowononga izi zimakonda kwambiri dera lawo. Amazisiya mosiyana pokhapokha zikafunika kwambiri. Amatetezeranso gawo lomwe amakhala kuchokera kwa alendo osayitanidwa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti nyama ina ikamalowa amphaka, amalimbana naye.
Mwachilengedwe, zolusa zimapatsidwa nzeru zanzeru komanso luntha. Nyama zambiri zimadziwa izi, ndipo sizimayerekeza kuukira mphaka, ngakhale kukula kwake kukucheperako kangapo. Pakukangana kapena kulimbana, amakonda njira zodikirira. Amawunika momwe zinthu ziliri molondola. Zochita zonse za mphaka ndizabwino.
Olusa amakonda kusankha mwaluso ndikukonzekeretsa malo okhala. Amasankha malo omwe ndingabisalire aliyense. Uwu ukhoza kukhala moyo waming'alu yamiyala, malo okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa m'nkhalango, komwe kumakhala kovuta kufikako.
Amphaka amur samveka mawu. Pafupifupi chinthu chokha chomwe nyama zimatulutsa ndi kulira kwa lipenga, mothandizidwa ndi amuna omwe amayitana akazi. Nyama zimasinthidwa mwanzeru kuti zikhale ndi nyengo yozizira. Amachedwetsa njira zonse zamagetsi ndi magazi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur mwachilengedwe
Nthawi yokhotakhota ya nyama imagwa kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Marichi. Munthawi imeneyi, kubangula kwa amuna kumamvekera m'nkhalango, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akazi azipanga awiriwa. Iyi ndi nthawi yokhayo yomwe anthu amalumikizana awiriawiri kuti abereke ana ndi maphunziro ake.
Pambuyo pokwatirana, nthawi yoyembekezera imayamba, yomwe imatha mpaka milungu khumi. Mkazi aliyense amatha kubereka pafupifupi ana 3-4. Amphaka a m'nkhalango ya Amur ndi makolo abwino kwambiri omwe amasamalira kwambiri ana awo.
Amabereka ana aang'ono, omwe sanasinthidwe kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Iwo ndi akhungu, opanda tsitsi. Mphaka amawadyetsa mkaka mpaka miyezi 2-3. Masiku khumi atabadwa, maso awo amatseguka, ndipo kudzera mu chikhumbo chofuna kudziwa zamdziko lomwe lawazungulira pafupifupi miyezi 1.5-2. Pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amakhala atakhala okonzeka kupatukana ndi makolo awo.
Poyamba, amphaka amasilira makamaka ana awo, chifukwa amadziwa kuti ali ndi adani ambiri, ndipo mphaka alibe chitetezo chokwanira. Akawona zoopsa, amphaka nthawi yomweyo amakokera ana awo kumalo ena obisika. Onse makolo amatenga nawo mbali polera ana. Ntchito yamwamuna ndikuteteza ndi kupereka chakudya kwa ana ake aakazi ndi aakazi.
Nthawi zina amphaka a Amur adasiya ana awo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo ndi akazi achikazi okhaokha. Nthawi zambiri amphaka omwe amasiyidwa amatengedwa ndi amphaka oweta ndikuweta. Chifukwa chofanana ndi amphaka oweta, nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu zimakhala ndi nthawi yokwatirana ndi amphaka oweta.
Chosangalatsa: Akatswiri a Zoologist adatha kudziwa kuti chifukwa cha kuwoloka kotere, amuna onse amabadwa osabala, ndipo akazi amatha kubereka.
Adani achilengedwe a mphaka wa m'nkhalango ya Amur
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Wild Amur
Ngakhale kuti amphaka amtchire a Amur ndi osaka bwino kwambiri, osamala kwambiri komanso othamanga, ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe.
Adani achilengedwe a nyama:
- nkhandwe;
- khola;
- marten;
- lynx;
- akambuku;
- kadzidzi;
- mimbulu;
- ziphuphu.
Mdani aliyense pamwambapa sadzaphonya mwayi, nthawi zina, wosaka mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur, kapena mwana wake. Zowononga usiku, zomwe zimapita kukasaka madzulo, nthawi imodzimodzi ndi amphaka a Amur, zimawopseza nyama. Zowononga ndizowopsa makamaka osati kwa achikulire, anthu okhwima mwakugonana, monga mphaka zazing'ono komanso zopanda chitetezo. Akuluakulu ndizovuta kuwatsata, chifukwa samachoka pobisalira.
Kuphatikiza apo, iwo, mopanda mantha, amalowa nawo nkhondo ngakhale ndi ziweto zazikulu komanso zodziwa zambiri. Nthawi zambiri pakulimbana kosalingana, amphaka amapambana chifukwa cha luso komanso kuchenjera kwawo. Anthu nthawi zambiri saopseza nyama. Sasakidwa kapena kuwomberedwa. M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, zolusa izi zimapezeka ndikuweta ngati ziweto.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur amawoneka bwanji
Chifukwa chosasamala komanso kunyalanyaza anthu, amphaka amtchire a Amur anali pafupi kutha. Pachifukwa ichi, adaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of Russia. Amatetezedwanso ndi msonkhano wama Sites. Malinga ndi zomwe amalembawa amalemba, akatswiri azanyama amayesetsa kwambiri kuti apange mikhalidwe ya amphaka a Amur. Lero zilipo m'dera la nkhokwe zosiyanasiyana komanso malo osungirako zachilengedwe. Pachifukwa ichi, kuwonjezeka kwa ziweto zokoma izi kwawoneka posachedwapa.
Choopseza chachikulu pakukhala kwa nthumwi za banja la mphaka ndikulanda malo awo achilengedwe. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chodula mitengo, kulima nthaka ndi chitukuko cha anthu madera akuluakulu. Moto m'nkhalango udathandizira kwambiri kuchepa kwa anthu. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, boma la anthu limakhudzidwa ndi kuweta ziweto, kusakanizidwa ndi amphaka komanso kusaka.
Anthu okhazikika kwambiri komanso ambiri amakhalabe m'maboma a Khanka ndi Khasan ku Primorsky Territory. M'madera amenewa, kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi 3-4 pa 10 mita mita. M'dera lonse la Primorsky Territory, pafupifupi anthu zikwi 2-3 amakhala. M'dera la Japan, amphakawa ndi ochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi anthu sikisi kapena asanu ndi awiri amakhala m'dera la malo osungira nyama, komwe akatswiri amafufuza kuyeserera.
Kuteteza mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur kuchokera ku Red Book
Amphaka aku Far East adalembedwa mu Red Book. Iwo amatetezedwa. Ku Japan, nyama zilinso pansi pa chitetezo cha boma. Mu International Red Book, nyama zamtunduwu zapatsidwa udindo wokhala nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Posachedwa, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kudayamba kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Malinga ndi asayansi, kuchuluka kwa nyama padziko lonse lapansi sikupitilira anthu masauzande anayi. Mu 2004, dziko la Russia lidatulutsa ndalama zachikumbutso zosonyeza mphaka wa Amur ngati chizindikiro chofunikira kuteteza nyama izi.
Nyama zimakhala m'dera la nkhokwe zingapo komanso malo osungira nyama a Primorsky Krai:
- dziko la kambuku;
- matabwa a mkungudza;
- khanka;
- Ussuri;
- alireza.
M'dera la Khabarovsk, amasungidwa mikhalidwe ya Bolshekhekhiretsky Reserve. M'madera omwe nyama zimakhala mwachilengedwe, chilango chimaperekedwa chifukwa cha kupha mwana. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu amafotokozera zokambirana za phindu la amphaka polimbana ndi makoswe ndi tizirombo tina tomwe timatulutsa matenda owopsa opatsirana.
Mphaka wa nkhalango ya Amur - uyu ndi woimira wokongola kwambiri komanso wachisomo wa banja lachilendo, yemwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Masiku ano, zimangodalira anthu kuti ziwetozo zitha kuchira.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03.11.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 02.09.2019 pa 23:07
