Schur

Schur - mbalame yaying'ono yodabwitsa, atavala chovala chowala kwambiri. Shchur ndi chizindikiro cha chimfine ndi kuzizira, amawonekera mu kukula kwa dziko lathu mitengo ikayamba kuvala, ndipo chisanu choyambirira chimapanga mafunde oundana pamatope. Tiyeni tiwunikire mwatsatanetsatane momwe moyo wa mbalameyo umakhalira, kudziwa momwe amawonekera, kuphunzira mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi, kufotokoza zomwe amakonda, malo okhalamo okhazikika ndikupeza komwe dzina la mbalame limayambira. Mwina mbalameyi idatchulidwapo chifukwa chakuti imatha kuphethira?

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Schur

Shchur kapena shchur wamba - nthenga, a m'banja la finch, dongosolo la opita ndi mtundu wa shurs. Mafinyolo ofiira ofiira omwe amadziwika kuti ndi oyandikana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa Shchura. Shchurov amasiyanitsidwa ndi milomo yamphongo ndi mlomo wapamwamba.

Chifukwa mulomo wa milomoyo ndi wamfupi, wopindika komanso wowoneka ngati mbedza, mbalamezo amadzipatsa dzina loti "zinkhwe za ku Finland." Amatchedwanso "atambala a ku Finland" chifukwa chovala chawo chofiira kwambiri. Ndipo mbalameyi idatchedwa "schur" chifukwa cha mawu ake, kufuula kwa mbalameyo ndikofanana ndi phokoso "schu-uuu-ur".

Kanema: Schur

M'gulu la Shchur, mitundu iwiri imasiyanitsidwa: Shchur wamba ndi Shur rhododendra. Karl Linnaeus anali woyamba kufotokoza pike wamba mu 1758. Tidzadziwitsa mbalameyi mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake. Rhododendra kafadala adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe ku England a Brian Hodgson mu 1836.

Malingana ndi mtundu, mitundu yonse ya Schur ndiyofanana, koma rhododendra ndiyotsika pang'ono kukula kwake wamba, kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupitilira masentimita 20. Schur iyi imakhala ku China, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, Burma. Mbalameyi imakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, ikukhazikika munkhalango za juniper ndi rhododendra, ndichifukwa chake ili ndi dzina lotere.

Schur wamba imakhala yolimba bwino komanso yolimba, imasiyanitsidwa ndi abale ake apafupi kwambiri ndi mlomo wokulirapo komanso wolumikizidwa m'munsi ndi mchira wautali kwambiri poyerekeza ndi thupi lonse. Kutalika kwa nthenga kumafika masentimita 26, ndipo kulemera kwake kumasiyana magalamu 50 mpaka 65. Imafanana ndi kukula kwa nyenyezi, ndipo mtundu wake umafanana ndi ng'ombe yamphongo.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Momwe Schur amawonekera

Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mu shchurs sikuli mu luso loimba lokha, lomwe limapezeka mwa amuna okhaokha, komanso mitundu, kwa abambo ndizochulukirapo komanso zowoneka bwino, chifukwa amafunika kukhala okongola komanso osangalatsa kuti asangalatse anzawo omwe ali ndi nthenga.

Pamutu ndi pachifuwa cha amuna, mthunzi wofiira wowala bwino umaonekera. Kumbuyo kwakumbuyo, maluso ofiira nawonso amawonekera, ndipo mapiko ndi mchira ndizopaka bulauni bulauni, pamimba pamayera imvi. Mapiko ndi mchira wake zonse zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera yopingasa.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Amuna achimuna amasiyana mitundu ndi achikulire. M'chigawo cha mutu, kumbuyo ndi pachifuwa, mithunzi yawo ya nthenga imayamba kuchokera kufiira kofiira mpaka matayala achikasu obiriwira.

Chovala chachikazi sichowala komanso chowoneka bwino, amawoneka wowoneka bwino kwambiri, koma wokongola komanso wowoneka bwino. Kumene okwera pamahatchi amakhala ndi matupi ofiira, mbalame zazimayi zimayang'aniridwa ndi mithunzi yofiirira yachikaso kapena yachikasu. Mwambiri, kumbuyo kwa nyengo yozizira, mabowo a njuchi amawoneka okongola komanso owutsa madzi, ngati masamba owala panthambi zokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa.

Tinazindikira kukula kwa pikiyo, koma ngati tingayerekezere kukula ndi abale apafupi kwambiri, ndiye kuti nthenga imaposa mbalame, zokopa zamphongo zamphongo ndi zotchingira zobiriwira mkati mwake. Mapiko a pike ndi ochokera masentimita 35 mpaka 38, ndipo mchira kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 9.

Mtundu wonyezimira wakuda umawonekera mdera la mlomo, ndipo mlomo wapansi ndi wopepuka. Kutalika kwa mbalame kumakhala ndi mtundu wakuda bulauni, ndipo khungu la maso ndi lofiirira. Schur ili ndi nthenga zolimba kwambiri, imazolowera nyengo yozizira.

Kodi Shchur amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Schur ku Russia

Shchur ndi mapiko okhala m'nkhalango. Amakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous komanso zosakanikirana ku Europe komanso ku North America. Anthu ochepa anasankha zisa za taiga, Asia, nkhalango m'malo mwa zisa zawo. Schurs amakhalanso m'mapiri aku Siberia.

Sizachabe kuti mbalamezi zidatchedwa "mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ku Finland", chifukwa adasankha Finland kuti azikhalamo. M'madera adziko lathu, mabowo amatuluka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (mu Novembala), pomwe chisanu choyamba chimayamba kugwira ndipo nthambi za mitengo yazovuta zimawululidwa kwathunthu. Polimbana ndi zovuta pang'ono, mbalamezi zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri komanso zimawoneka bwino.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kuti ipeze ana, Schur imamanga zisa zake m'nkhalango zokhazokha.

Amayesetsa kupewa malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri, komabe, nthawi zina amapezeka m'malo opaka mizinda, m'minda, m'malo mwawo; kuti akhale ndi moyo wosangalala komanso wabwino, mbalame zimafunikira kasupe wamadzi pafupi ndi komwe zimatumizidwa kwamuyaya. Pansi, mabowo a pike samayenda kawirikawiri, amayang'ana chitetezo ku korona wa mitengo yayitali, komwe kumakhala malo okhala mbalame.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Shchurs amangokonda kusambira mu dziwe, ngakhale nthawi yozizira amayang'ana matupi amadzi omwe sanavundikidwe ndi anthu. Ndipo mbalame zomwe zimasungidwa kundende, zimakonza malo apadera oti azitsatira madzi.

Monga tanenera kale, rhododendra schur amakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete, pomwe pali zitsamba zambiri za juniper ndi rhododendron.

Adakhala:

• Burma;
• China;
• Nepal;
• Butane;
• Tibet.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe Schur amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe mbalame iyi imadya.

Kodi Schur amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Bird Schur

Menyu Pike ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri, inu mukhoza kuwona mmenemo anthu onse chakudya ndi nyama. Mwa anthu okhwima, chakudyacho chimakhala chamasamba, ndipo nyama zazing'ono zimafunikira mapuloteni ambiri kuti zikule, chifukwa chake tizilombo timakhala pachakudya chawo.

Schurs safuna kukhala ndi chotupitsa:

• mbewu za mitengo ya coniferous ndi yodula mitengo;
• mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba;
• masamba;
• zipatso zosiyanasiyana;
• mtedza;
• masamba a mitengo;
• kafadala;
• mbozi za tizilombo;
• agulugufe ali m'malo oimitsidwa.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri ku Shchur ndi zipatso za m'mapiri ndi zipatso za mlombwa, komanso mtedza wa paini.

Schura atha kutchedwa kuti wothandizira m'nkhalango, chifukwa ndi mlomo wake wolumikizidwa m'ming'alu ya khungwa amatulutsa tizilombo todwalitsa tosiyanasiyana - kafadala, nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi zawo. Popeza chakudya cha nkhuku chimakhala ndi njere, pamodzi ndi ndowe za schur, zimafalitsa zotsalira za mbewu zomwe sizinagawidwe m'malo ena, kumene mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kukula.

Shchurov yosungidwa moyenera ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi mtedza wosiyanasiyana:

• mtedza;
• chiponde;
• paini ndi mtedza;
• hazel.

Pazakudya za nkhuku, kuwonjezera pa zosakaniza za tirigu, mphukira za mitengo ya coniferous ndi yotsutsa, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kukhalapo. Mbalame zimadyetsedwa ndi tchizi kanyumba, mazira owiritsa ndi nyama, ndipo zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa ku chakudya. Kuti nthenga za mbalamezo zikhale zowala, chakudya chimayenera kukhala ndi carotene wambiri.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Bird Schur

Shchur ndi nzika yachikhalidwe chakumadera akumpoto kwambiri, saopa nyengo yozizira ndipo ali wokonzeka kutenga njira zamadzi ngakhale nthawi yachisanu. Mbalamezi zimakonda kusamuka, kukhala pansi komanso kusamukasamuka. Izi zimatengera nyengo ya gawo linalake komanso chakudya. M'magwa oundana kwambiri, mabowo amauluka kupita kumadera ena akumwera, koma samasunthira kutali ndi madera omwe kumakhala anthu.

M'malo okhala anthu, simukuwona Schur, amakonda malo obisika komanso amtchire. Koma, atakumana ndi munthu, Shchur samakhala ndi nkhawa zambiri ndipo amalimba mtima ndi omwe ali ndi zotupa, kuti amuyandikire kwambiri kuti athe kumvetsetsa kukongola kwake ndikumva kuyimba kwanyimbo. Ma Rulads amaimbidwa ndi amuna okha omwe ali okonzeka kuchita chilichonse kuti asangalatse mnzake.

Pouluka, Schur ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri komanso wopepuka, amayenda mosavuta pakati pa nthambi zowongoka, ndikuchita zojambula zachipembedzo. Mbalameyo ikangotera, imakhala yosasangalatsa, yosasunthika, yotaya chidaliro komanso chisomo. Chifukwa cha ichi, Schur samakhala pansi kwenikweni, chifukwa m'mitengo yayitali amamva kukhala wopanda nkhawa komanso wotetezeka, amakonda kukhazikika pama conifers amtali.

Kuyimba kwa a Shchurs kumakhala kovuta makamaka nthawi yachikwati, koma amuna samapatula nyimboyi chaka chonse. Zoyeserera za mbalamezo zimaphatikizapo kuyimba mluzu ndi kulira kwamphamvu, zimawoneka zachisoni komanso zachisoni, koma uku ndikungowonekera, panthawi yomwe abwanawa akugwira ntchito mwakhama ndikuyesera m'njira iliyonse kuti adziwonetse okha kuchokera kumbali yawo yabwino kwambiri.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Schur m'nyengo yozizira

Nyengo ya mbalame yaukwati ya kafadala imayamba kumapeto kwa masika. Sizingatheke kuchitika nthawi ya Marichi, koma izi zimachitika nthawi yachisanu ikakhala yofunda kwambiri. Schur woyenda pamahatchi ndi wolimba mtima kwambiri, amachita ngati njonda, nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi wosankhidwa, akuuluka mozungulira mozungulira ndikuyimba nyimbo zake zaphokoso, mofanana ndi kulira kwa chitoliro.

Atagonana, mkaziyo amayamba kukonza chisa chake payekha, njondayo satenga nawo gawo pantchito yomangayo, koma iyi si vuto lake, mayi wam nthenga wamtsogolo amamuletsa kuti achite izi. Malo obisalapo nyumbayi amamangidwa koyambirira kwenikweni kwa nyengo yachilimwe, ndiyokwera kwambiri, chachikazi chimayiyika patali ndi thunthu kuti ikhale yotetezeka. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo kali ndi mawonekedwe a mbale, yomangidwa ndi nthambi zazing'ono, masamba osiyanasiyana audzu. Pansi pa chisa pali bedi lofewa la nthenga lopangidwa ndi ubweya, moss, fluff chomera, nthenga.

Chowotchera cha pike chimakhala ndi mazira ang'onoang'ono atatu kapena asanu ndi limodzi, chipolopolo chake chomwe chimakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu wamtambo wokhala ndi timadontho todera. Nthawi yosakaniza imatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Munthu wam nthenga wachikazi yekha amaswa mazira, ndipo abambo amtsogolo amapatsa mnzake chakudya, chifukwa mkazi pafupifupi samachoka pamalo obisalira. Anawo ataswa, yaimuna imapitirizabe kudyetsa akazi ndi ana omwe, omwe amakhala pachisa chokhazikika nthawi zonse.

Anapiye obadwa kumene amabvala imvi, amakhala ndi chilakolako chodabwitsa, amalira mokweza ndipo amafuna zowonjezera. Zakudya zawo zimadzaza ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, chifukwa chomwe ana amapiko amakula msanga. Ali ndi zaka zitatu, amakhala atakwera kale ndege zawo zoyambirira, ndipo akafika mwezi umodzi ndi theka, anapiyewo amadziyimira pawokha, kusiya malo awo obisalako kufunafuna moyo wabwino. Nthawi yamoyo ya kachilomboka yomwe imakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 12.

Adani achilengedwe a pike

Chithunzi: Momwe schur imawonekera

Schur ndi yaying'ono kukula ndipo ili ndi utoto wowunduka, chifukwa chake, imatha kuwonedwa kuchokera kutali kupita kuzilombo zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizimadana ndi mbalamezi. Nthawi zambiri shchurov amapulumutsidwa chifukwa choti amakonda kukhala pamwamba kwambiri pamphumi pamitengo, sizinyama zonse zomwe zimatha kufika pamenepo. Mbalame zanzeru zimakonza malo awo okhalirako kutali ndi mitengo yake, kuti zikhale zovuta kuzipeza. Adani a scythe kuthengo ndi akadzidzi, ma martens ndi amphaka olusa.

Zachidziwikire, ana ang'ono osadziwa zambiri ndi anapiye ang'onoang'ono amakhala pachiwopsezo chambiri ndipo amatha kugwidwa ndi nyama zolusa. Koma mkazi pafupifupi samasiya ana obadwa kumene, banja lonse limadyetsedwa koyamba ndi abambo okhala ndi nthenga, chifukwa chake ana amakhala pansi pa chitetezo cha amayi, omwe amapulumutsa miyoyo yawo.

Anthu omwe amavulaza mbalame ndi zochita zawo zopupuluma zomwe zimangodalira anthu amathanso kukhala m'gulu la adani a Shchurs. Mwa kusokoneza ma biotopes achilengedwe, kukhetsa madzi, kupanga misewu ndi mizinda, kudula nkhalango, kuwononga chilengedwe mozungulira, anthu amasokoneza moyo wa mbalame, zomwe zimakhudza anthu awo.

Musaiwale za kunyinyirika kwa mbalame zokongola izi, zomwe zimatha kusewera nawo nthabwala zankhanza. Zibowo zina zimakhazikika mu ukapolo, ngakhale kukhala ndi ana, zimakhala zosasunthika komanso kucheza, pomwe ena amafera m'makola, chifukwa sangavomereze kutaya ufulu wa mbalame komanso kudziyimira pawokha.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Bird Schur

Ma Schur ndi mbalame, makamaka kumpoto, zomwe zimakhala kumadera ozizira. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mutha kukumana ndi piki kulikonse, monga mpheta, sikofala kwambiri ndikuyesera kukhala kutali ndi malo okhala anthu. Kuganizira za shchurs ndizosowa kokha chifukwa chakuti mbalame zimakhala m'malo omwe phazi la munthu siliponda pafupipafupi, ndipo pafupifupi nthawi zonse mbalame zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri pamutu wa mitengo.

Ndizolimbikitsa kuti shchur sinalembedwe pa IUCN Red Lists, kutha kwa mbalame yokongola modabwitsa iyi sikuwopsezedwa, ndipo njira zapadera zodzitetezera sizitengedwa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa ma shur. M'gawo la dziko lathu, schur siyinso mitundu ya Red Book, yomwe ndi nkhani yabwino. Mu International Red Data Book, schur ili m'gulu la mitundu yomwe imayambitsa nkhawa.

Zachidziwikire, kuchuluka kwachuma kwachuma kwamunthu, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuyika misewu yayikulu, kumanga malo okhala anthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chonse, zimasokoneza moyo wa oimira zinyama zambiri, kuphatikiza ma shchur, koma pakadali pano mbalame zowala izi sizinatengepo gawo lapadera loteteza. zosowa. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi zipitilirabe mtsogolo.

Pamapeto pake ndikufuna kuwonjezera izi schur mu zovala zake zowala komanso zowoneka bwino ndizoyenera kutamandidwa. Simungatuluke ndikuyang'ana chithunzi cha munthu wamphapayu atakhala pa spruce kapena nthambi za phulusa lamapiri. Ziphuphu, ngati masamba obiriwira, zimamasula pamitengo m'nyengo yozizira, zimakongoletsa mawonekedwe achisanu a monochrome. Ataima patali ndi chipale chofewa, pike, kuti agwirizane ndi zokoma zomwe mumazikonda paphiri, zimawoneka zokongola, zokongola komanso zochulukirapo, zonyamula zabwino ndikukweza chisangalalo.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 09/06/2019

Tsiku losintha: 08/24/2019 pa 0:07