Wachinyamata ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazing'ono za amphaka okhala ndi masabata omwe amakhala padziko lapansi nthawi ya mimbulu yakale yokhala ndi ma thylacins. Tsoka ilo, lero palibe woimira m'modzi wamtunduwu amene adapulumuka. Mitunduyi inali ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni osati kukula kwakukulu kwambiri. Komabe, tiyenera kudziwa kuti amphaka onse okhala ndi masabata, anali smilodon yemwe anapatsidwa thupi lamphamvu kwambiri komanso lamphamvu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Smilodon
Ma smilodon anali am'magulu ovuta, gulu la zinyama, dongosolo la nyama zolusa, banja la mphaka, mtundu wa Smilodons. Asayansi ena amatcha amphaka awa kholo lodziwika bwino la kambuku wamakono. Asayansi amawona makolo awo ngati ma megantereon. Iwo, monga a Smilodon, anali amphaka okhala ndi ma saber ndipo amakhala padziko lapansi kuyambira koyambirira kwa Pliocene mpaka pakati pa Pleistocene. Makolo akale a smilodon anali ofala ku North America, Africa, ndi Eurasia.
Asayansi adakwanitsa kangapo kupeza zotsalira za nyama izi mzigawozi. Zakale zamakedzana zimatsimikizira kuti makolo amphaka amphaka okhala ku North America ali kale zaka 4.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Zotsalira zambiri zakale zimatsimikizira kuti ma megantereon nawonso adalipo padziko lapansi zaka 3 ndi 2 miliyoni zapitazo.
Kanema: Smilodon
Kudera lamayiko amakono aku Africa a Kenya, zotsalira za nyama yosadziwika zidapezeka, ndikuwonetsa konse koyenera kukhala megantereon. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa kuti zotsalira za nyama zinali pafupifupi zaka 7 miliyoni. Asayansi akufotokoza mitundu ingapo yama smilodon, iliyonse yomwe inali ndi mawonekedwe akunja apadera komanso malo ake okhala.
Asayansi adatha kusonkhanitsa zambiri za oimira amphaka amphongo ophunzirirawa akamaphunzira za phula ndi madambo okhala ndi zinyalala zam'madzi zamakono ku Los Angeles. Zakale zakufa zinali pamenepo, zomwe zimatha kusunga zotsalira zambiri zamphaka. Akatswiri a zooology amagwirizana kuti kutha kwa mitundu iyi ndi kusintha kwakuthwa komanso kwamphamvu kwambiri munyengo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe Smilodon amawonekera
Mawonekedwe amphaka anali achindunji. Kutalika kwa thupi kudafika mamita 2.5-3. Anthu akuluakulu amatha kutalika mamita 3.2. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafota pafupifupi 1-1.2 mita. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumachokera pa 70 mpaka 300 kilogalamu. Poyerekeza ndi oimira amakono a abambo, nyama izi zinali ndi thupi lokulirapo komanso lalikulu, lamphamvu, lolimba. Ma smilodon anali ndi mawonekedwe apadera angapo akunja.
Zizindikiro zakunja:
- mchira waufupi;
- mayini atali kwambiri komanso akuthwa;
- chachikulu, khosi laminyewa;
- miyendo yolimba.
Mayina ataliatali komanso akuthwa kwambiri ndiye gawo lalikulu la nyama, zomwe sizodziwika ndi nyama ina iliyonse yamakono. Kutalika kwawo makamaka oimira mitundu iyi kumatha kufikira masentimita 25.
Chosangalatsa: Mizu ya mayini ataliatali komanso akuthwa kwambiri adayikika kwambiri ndikufika mumsewu wa chigaza.
Komabe, ngakhale panali mphamvu ndi nyonga, anali osalimba. Chifukwa chake, ndi chithandizo chawo, amphaka sakanatha kudziluma kudzera m'khola la nyama yayikulu, kapena fupa lalikulu. Zoyipa zakugonana sizinafotokozeredwe. Amuna anali akulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi akazi. Nyamazo zinali ndi miyendo ya mapazi isanu koma yamphamvu kwambiri. Zala zinali ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa.
Mchira waufupi, womwe kutalika kwake sikunapitirire masentimita 25, sunalole kuti achite virtuoso kudumpha, komwe ndi amphaka amakono. Thupi la chilombocho linali ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Gawo lakumtunda la torso linali lakuda, nthawi zambiri linali lofiirira kapena lampiru, mbali yakumunsi inali yojambulidwa yoyera, imvi. Mtunduwo umatha kukhala wofanana, kapena wokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono kapena mikwingwirima mthupi.
Kodi smilodon amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Smilodon m'chilengedwe
Dziko lakwawo lamphaka wamphongo wokhala ndi sabata anali North America. Komabe, zinali zofala osati kokha ku America. Anthu ambiri okhala mdera la Africa ndi Eurasia afotokozedwa. Madera otseguka okhala ndi masamba ochepa adasankhidwa ngati malo amphaka. Malo okhala chilombo amafanana ndi mapolo amakono.
Nthawi zambiri, mkati mokhala amphaka okhala ndi mano, panali malo osungira, chifukwa chomwe olusa amathetsa ludzu lawo ndikudikirira nyama yawo. Zomerazo zinawapatsa malo okhala komanso malo oti azipumulira. Malo otseguka kwambiri adachepetsa mwayi wosaka bwino. Ndipo malo ovuta adapangitsa kuti zitheke kuphatikizika ndi chilengedwe, ndipo, osadziwika, kuti muyandikire kwambiri nyama yanu panthawi yakusaka.
Chosangalatsa: Kuti agwiritse ntchito mano ake, amayenera kutsegula pakamwa pake madigiri 120. Oimira amakono a banja lachikazi amatha kudzitama ndi pakamwa pokha pamadigiri 60 okha.
M'zigwa za mitsinje, nyama nthawi zambiri zinkapuma ndikusamba. Panali anthu omwe amatha kukhala m'mapiri ngakhale m'munsi mwa mapiri, ngati mungakhale ndi chakudya chokwanira m'malo amenewa. Nyamazo sizinasinthidwe kuti zizikhala m'nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira. Munthawi ya kusintha kwanyengo, chilengedwe cha nyama chimachepa pang'onopang'ono mpaka kufa.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyalugwe smilodon amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe adadya.
Kodi Smilodon amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tiger smilodon
Mwachilengedwe, katsabola kokhala ndi sabata anali wolusa, chifukwa chake nyama inali gwero lalikulu la chakudya. Chifukwa chakuti mano ataliatali anali osalimba, pomenyera wovulalayo, smilodon nthawi yomweyo anawagwiritsa ntchito kuti apweteketse wovulalayo. Atafooka ndikutha mphamvu, osathanso kulimbana ndikumakana, mphaka adamugwira pakhosi ndikungomutsamwitsa. Kuti agwire nyama yake, nyamayo inamubisalira. Zotupa zazifupi komanso zamphamvu kwambiri zimathandiza kuti zitha kugwira nyama yaying'ono mosavuta ngati akufuna kuthamangitsidwa.
Wodwalayo atamwalira, chilombocho sichinagawe mtembowo m'zigawo, koma chimangolanda nyama kuchokera m'malo ofikirika komanso ofewa. Omwe amachitidwa ndi mphaka makamaka anali ovuta kuwononga nthawiyo.
Amene anali chandamale cha kusaka nyama
- njati;
- matepi;
- Ngamila zaku America;
- mbawala;
- akavalo;
- maliseche.
Amphaka nthawi zambiri amasaka nyama zazikulu, monga mammoth. Pachifukwa ichi, adatulutsa ana a ng'ombe ndikuwapha. Olemba ena amafotokoza milandu yakumenyedwa ndi ma Smilodon pa anthu akale. Komabe, palibe zowonetsa zomwe zikutsimikizira izi. Anthu adapanga maenje aphula kuti agwire nyama zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri nyama zolusa zimadyetsa anthu amene agwidwa, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zinkakodwa ndi misampha imeneyi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Sabretooth Smilodon
Amphaka a mano azisamba panthawi yomwe adakhalapo amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso oopsa. Kusaka kwawo kumakhala kopambana nthawi zonse, ndipo, ngakhale anali ndi mano osalimba, adakwanitsa kuthana ndi zovuta zawo. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zoo, zinali zachilendo kuti Smilodon azikhala payekha. Mwachidziwikire, amakhala m'matumba.
Mapaketiwo sanali ochulukirapo, anali ofanana ndi kunyada kwa mikango yamakono. Iwo, monga oimira amphaka odyetsa amakono, anali ndi yamphongo imodzi kapena zitatu zazikulu patsogolo pa gululo. Phukusi lonseli ndi akazi ndi ana aang'ono. Amayi okhaokha ndiamene ankasaka komanso kupeza chakudya cha gululo. Akazi ankasakidwa makamaka m'magulu.
Gulu lililonse la amphaka linali ndi gawo lawo loti liziswana ndi kusaka. Malowa anali otetezedwa mosamalitsa kwa adani ena. Nthawi zambiri, ngati oimira gulu lina, kapena wosungulumwa, adasokonekera, adalimbana mwamphamvu, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mdani wofooka nthawi zambiri amwalire. Amuna nawonso adamenyera ufulu wokhala ndiudindo wapamwamba paketiyo. Anthu ena adatha kuwonetsa kudzikweza, mphamvu ndi mphamvu ndi kukuwa kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri amapikisana nawo kutalika kwa mayini awo. Ena adabwerera m'mbuyo, akumva kuti mdani wamphamvu ndi wamkulu komanso wamphamvu.
Malinga ndi momwe asayansi amafotokozera, panali anthu omwe amakhala moyo wawokha. Zazikazi zimakhalabe m'gulu lazo nthawi yawo yonse. Azimayi pamodzi amasamalira ana, kudyetsedwa, kuphunzitsa luso losaka. Amuna omwe anabadwira mu gulu la msinkhu atatha msinkhu adasiya gulu ndikukhala moyo wakusiyana. Nthawi zambiri, limodzi ndi anyamata ena amphongo, amapanga timagulu tating'ono.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: akambuku a saber-toothed smilodon
Asayansi alibe chidziwitso chokwanira chofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane njira yoberekera. Zikuwoneka kuti, akazi achikulire okhwima ogonana amabereka ana osaposa kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi yaubwenzi waukwati sinangokhala nyengo kapena nyengo iliyonse. Nthawi yakutha msinkhu idayamba pafupifupi miyezi 24-30 atabadwa. Nyama sizinathe kubereka ana achichepere atangotha msinkhu. Mwa amuna, kutha msinkhu kumachitika pambuyo pake kuposa akazi. Mkazi wamkulu mmodzi amatha kubereka mwana m'modzi mpaka atatu, osaposera ana anayi. Kubadwa kwa ana kumawonedwa pafupifupi kamodzi zaka 4-6 zilizonse.
Nyamazo zinali ndi pakati kwa miyezi inayi. Munthawi imeneyi, akazi ena anali kusamalira mkango waukazi wokhala ndi pakati ndipo nthawi zambiri ankamubweretsera chakudya. Pofika nthawi yobereka, munthu wamkazi amasankha malo oyenera kwambiri, obisika ndikupita komweko nthawi yakwana yobereka. Atabereka anawo, kwa nthawi yoyamba adabisala m'nkhalango zowirira. Atapeza mphamvu, iye kapena iwo amabwera ndi akazi m'gulu lankhosa.
Kuphatikiza apo, akazi onse amatenga nawo gawo pakulera ndikupereka chakudya kwa ana ang'onoang'ono. Atafika usinkhu wa miyezi isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi, achinyamatawo amaphunzitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kusaka. Mpaka pano, akazi adyetsa ana awo mkaka. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, nyama itayamba kulowa m'zakudyazo, anawo anaphunzira kuyipeza paokha. Nthawi zambiri anawo ankakodwa ndi ziweto zina, zowopsa komanso zamphamvu, motero kuchuluka kwa ana amphaka okhala ndi masabata anali ochepa.
Adani achilengedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe Smilodon amawonekera
M'dera lawo lachilengedwe, amphaka okhala ndi masabeti pafupifupi analibe adani. Zowopsa zina kwa iwo zitha kuyimiridwa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya mbalame, yomwe, pakalibe chakudya, imatha kuukira mphaka wolusa. Komabe, sizinatheke bwino. Komanso, mphaka wa mano akuthwa nthawi zina amatha kugwidwa ndi sloth wamkulu. Munthawi imeneyi, zina mwa nyamazi zinali zazikulu ngati kamwana kakang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina zimakonda kudya nyama. Ngati panthawiyi ma smilodon anali pafupi, amatha kukhala nyama yawo.
Adani a chilombocho atha kukhala otetezeka chifukwa cha munthu wakale yemwe amasaka nyama mothandizidwa ndi misampha ndi maenje phula. Osati zinyama zokhazokha komanso nyama zodyetsa, komanso olusa nthawi zambiri amatha kudzipeza okha. Asayansi amatcha nyamazo kuti ndizodana ndi amphaka amphongo. Nyama zambiri zinafa chifukwa chowonetsa mphamvu, mphamvu, komanso polimbirana malo otsogola, kapena gawo lopindulitsa.
M'dera lawo lachilengedwe, nyama zinali ndi opikisana nawo. Izi zinaphatikizapo mikango yamphanga, mimbulu yoyipa, zimbalangondo zazikulu zazifupi, komanso nyama zina zomwe zimakhala mdera lomwe nyama zimakhala. Onsewa anali okhazikika mkati North America. Kudera lakumwera kwa kontrakitala, komanso ku Eurasia ndi Africa, nyamazo zidalibe opikisana nawo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tiger smilodon
Masiku ano, ma smilodon amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama zomwe zatha. Iwo adasowa pankhope pa dziko lapansi zaka 10,000 zapitazo. Pali malingaliro ambiri ndipo zifukwa zambiri zakutha ndi kutha kwathunthu kwamtunduwu zimatchedwa. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu ndikusintha kwakukulu komanso kwakuthwa kwanyengo. Nyamazo zinalibe nthawi yoti zizolowere kusintha kwakukulu kotere ndipo sizingakhale ndi moyo mikhalidwe yatsopanoyo. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, chakudya chachepa kwambiri. Zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti azipeza chakudya chawo, mpikisano udakula.
Chifukwa china chakutha kwa mitunduyu ndi kusintha kwa malo okhala, zomera, komanso zomera ndi zinyama zakomweko za nthawiyo. M'kupita kwa Ice Age, maluwawo asintha kwambiri. Izi zidapangitsa kufa kwa mitundu yambiri yazomera. Nthawi yomweyo, adani ambiri anafa. Smilodon anali pakati pawo. Zochita za anthu sizinakhudze kuchuluka kwa nyama zolusa. Anthu amasaka nyama, koma izi sizinabweretse kuwonongeka kwakukulu ku kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe analipo panthawiyo.
Mwa njira iyi, smilodon - Ichi ndi chilombo chomwe chinatha zaka zambiri zapitazo. Chifukwa cha zinthu zakufa zakale komanso zida zamakono zamakompyuta, zojambulajambula, asayansi ali ndi mwayi wokonzanso chithunzi ndi mawonekedwe a nyama. Kutha kwa mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi chifukwa choganizira zakufunika kochitapo kanthu mwamphamvu kuti muteteze nyama zomwe zilipo masiku ano. Malinga ndi International Association for the Protection of Animals, maola awiri aliwonse, mitundu iwiri ya nyama imasowa mosasunthika padziko lapansi. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti ma smilodon ndi nyama zomwe zilibe mbadwa zachindunji pakati pa oimira zinyama ndi nyama zomwe zilipo padziko lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/10/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 17:56
