Mzinda wa Gibbon - ndi mphalapala wocheperako, wokongola komanso wochenjera kuchokera kubanja la gibbon. Banja limagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 16 ya anyani. Iliyonse ya iwo imasiyana malo okhala, kadyedwe, ndi mawonekedwe. Mtundu wa nyaniwu ndiwosangalatsa kuwuwona, chifukwa ndimasewera oseketsa komanso oseketsa. Chinthu chapadera cha ma giboni chimawerengedwa kuti sichingokhala pachibale ndi abale awo okha, komanso poyerekeza ndi oimira mitundu ina ya nyama, kwa anthu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti anyani amakhala okonzeka kulumikizana komanso mwaubwenzi potsegula pakamwa ndikukweza ngodya zake. Izi zimapereka chithunzi chakumwetulira kolandiridwa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Gibbon
Ma Gibbons ndi nyama zosasangalatsa, zotchedwa mammals, primate order, gibbon subfamily. Pakadali pano, chiyambi cha ma giboni sichiwerengedwa kwenikweni ndi asayansi poyerekeza ndi chiyambi ndi kusinthika kwa anyani ena anyani.
Zomwe zapezeka zakale zikusonyeza kuti zidalipo kale nthawi ya Pliocene. Wakale wakale wa ma giboni amakono anali yuanmoupithecus, yomwe idalipo kumwera kwa China pafupifupi zaka 7-9 miliyoni zapitazo. Ndi makolo awa, ali ogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ndi moyo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nsagwada sizinasinthe mu ma giboni amakono.
Kanema: Gibbon
Palinso mtundu wina wa magiboni omwe adachokera - kuchokera ku ma pliobates. Izi ndizinyani zakale zomwe zidalipo kumayiko amakono ku Europe zaka pafupifupi 11-11.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Asayansi apeza zotsalira zakale za ma pliobates akale.
Iye anali ndi mafupa enieni, makamaka chigaza. Ali ndi bokosi lalikulu kwambiri, lopepuka, lopanikizika pang'ono. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti gawo lakumaso ndiloling'ono, koma nthawi yomweyo liri ndi chingwe chachikulu chozungulira. Ngakhale cranium ili ndi volumous, chipinda chamaubongo ndi chaching'ono, posonyeza kuti ubongo unali wochepa. Pliobates, monga ma giboni, anali ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe giboni imawonekera
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumachokera pa masentimita 40 mpaka 100. Mwa nyama, mawonekedwe azakugonana amawonetsedwa. Akazi ndi ochepa kukula ndi kulemera kwa thupi poyerekeza ndi amuna. Kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala pakati pa 4.5 mpaka 12.5 kilogalamu.
Ma Gibboni amasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lochepa, lopyapyala, lokwera. Akatswiri a zinyama akuti mtundu uwu wa anyani umafanana kwambiri ndi anthu. Iwo, monga anthu, ali ndi mano 32 ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a nsagwada. Ali ndi mayini ataliatali komanso owopsa kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Primates ali ndi magulu amwazi - 2, 3, 4, monga anthu. Kusiyana kumakhalapo pakalibe gulu loyamba.
Mutu wa magiboni ndi ochepa ndi nkhope yowonekera kwambiri. Nyani amakhala ndi mphuno zosiyana, komanso mdima, maso akulu ndi pakamwa ponse. Thupi la anyani lophimbidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Palibe tsitsi kumutu, mgwalangwa, mapazi ndi ischium. Mtundu wakhungu la mamembala onse am'banja lino, mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, ndi wakuda. Mtundu wa malayawo umasiyana m'mitundu ingapo ya banjali. Zitha kukhala zolimba, nthawi zambiri zamdima, kapena kukhala ndi malo owala pamagawo ena amthupi. Pali oimira ena a subspecies, omwe, monga, mwapadera, amakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira.
Miyendo ya anyani ndiyofunika kwambiri. Ali ndi ziwongola dzanja zakutsogolo. Kutalika kwawo kumakhala pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kwa miyendo yakumbuyo. Pankhaniyi, ma giboni amatha kutsamira kutsogolo kwawo akaimirira kapena kusuntha. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi manja. Zikhatho ndizazitali kwambiri komanso ndizochepa. Ali ndi zala zisanu, ndipo chala choyamba chimayikidwa pambali.
Kodi gibbon amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gibbon m'chilengedwe
Oimira mitundu iyi ali ndi malo osiyana:
- zigawo zakumpoto kwa China;
- Vietnam;
- Laaos;
- Cambodia;
- Burma;
- chilumba cha Malacca;
- chilumba cha Sumatra;
- India;
- Chilumba cha Mentawai;
- madera akumadzulo a Java;
- Chilumba cha Kalimantan.
Ma Gibbons amatha kukhala omasuka pafupifupi m'chigawo chilichonse. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'nkhalango zam'madera otentha. Amatha kukhala m'nkhalango zowuma. Mabanja anyani amakhala m'mapiri, kumapiri kapena m'malo amapiri. Pali anthu omwe amatha kukwera mpaka 2000 mita pamwamba pamadzi.
Banja lililonse la anyani lili ndi gawo linalake. Dera lokhala ndi banja limodzi limatha kufikira 200 kilomita. Tsoka ilo, m'mbuyomu, malo okhala ma giboni anali otakata kwambiri. Masiku ano, akatswiri a nyama akuwona kuchepa kwa magawidwe anyani. Chofunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito anyani ndi kupezeka kwa mitengo yayitali.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe giboniyo imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi gibbon amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Monkey Gibbon
Ma Gibbons amatha kutchedwa omnivorous, chifukwa amadya chakudya cha zomera ndi nyama zomwe. Amayang'anitsitsa malo omwe amakhala mosamalitsa kuti apeze chakudya choyenera. Chifukwa chakuti amakhala m'mikongole ya nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse, amatha kudzipezera chakudya chaka chonse. M'malo amenewa, anyani amatha kupeza chakudya chawo pafupifupi chaka chonse.
Kuphatikiza pa zipatso ndi zipatso zakupsa, nyama zimafunikira gwero la mapuloteni - chakudya cha nyama. Monga chakudya choyambira nyama, ma giboni amadya mphutsi, tizilombo, kafadala, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zina, amatha kudyetsa mazira a mbalame zomwe zimamanga zisa zawo pamitu ya mitengo yomwe anyani amakhala.
Pofunafuna chakudya, akuluakulu amapita pafupifupi m'mawa m'mawa chimbudzi. Samangodya zomera zobiriwira zokongola kapena kubudula zipatsozo, amazisankha mosamala. Ngati chipatsocho sichinaphule, ma giboni amachisiya pamtengowo, ndikupangitsa kuti zipse ndikudzaza ndi madzi. Zipatso ndi masamba zimadulidwa ndi anyani ndi miyendo yawo yakutsogolo, ngati ndi manja.
Pafupifupi, osachepera maola 3-4 patsiku amapatsidwa kusaka ndi kudya chakudya. Anyani amakonda osati kusankha mosamala zipatso, komanso kutafuna chakudya. Pafupifupi, wamkulu m'modzi amafunikira pafupifupi makilogalamu 3-4 a chakudya patsiku.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Gibbon
Ma Gibbons ndi anyani obwera mochedwa. Usiku, nthawi zambiri amapuma, kugona tulo tofa nato mu chisoti chazamitengo ndi banja lonse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nyama zimakhala ndi zochita zina tsiku lililonse. Amatha kugawa nthawi yawo m'njira yoti igwere mofanana pa chakudya, kupumula, kusamalirana chovala, kusamalira ana, ndi zina zambiri.
Mtundu wa anyani amtunduwu amatha kukhala otetezeka chifukwa chaukadaulo. Sizimayenda kawirikawiri padziko lapansi. Zotsogola zimathandizira kusambira mwamphamvu ndikudumpha kuchokera panthambi kupita kunthambi. Kutalika kwa kudumpha koteroko kumakhala mpaka mamita atatu kapena kupitilira apo. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa nyani ndi makilomita 14-16 pa ola limodzi.
Banja lililonse limakhala mdera linalake, lomwe limasungidwa mwansanje ndi mamembala ake. M'bandakucha, maiboni amakwera pamwamba pamtengo ndikuimba nyimbo zaphokoso kwambiri, zomwe zikuyimira kuti gawo ili lakhala kale ndipo siliyenera kulowetsedwa. Atadzuka, nyamazo zinadziika pabwino mwa kuchita njira zosamba.
Kupatula apo, anthu osungulumwa atha kutengedwa kukhala m'banja, lomwe pazifukwa zina linataya theka lawo lina, ndipo ana okhwimawo adalekana ndikupanga mabanja awoawo. Zikakhala kuti, kumayambiriro kwa kutha msinkhu, achinyamata sanasiye banja, okalamba amawathamangitsa mokakamiza. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri makolo achikulire amakhala ndikuteteza madera ena omwe ana awo amakhala, ndikupanga mabanja.
Nyani zikadzaza, amasangalala kupita kukapuma zisa zawo zomwe amakonda. Kumeneko amatha kugona mosadukiza kwa maola ambiri, kwinaku akuwala ndi dzuwa. Akadya ndi kupumula, nyamazo zimayamba kutsuka ubweya wawo, womwe amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Baby Gibbon
Mwachibadwa ma Gibbon amakhala okhaokha. Ndipo ndizofala kupanga maanja ndikukhalamo nthawi yayitali pamoyo wanu. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi makolo achikondi komanso odera nkhawa ndipo amalera ana awo mpaka atha msinkhu ndipo ali okonzeka kuyambitsa banja lawo.
Chifukwa chakuti ma giboni amafika pakukula msinkhu pazaka zapakati pa 5-9, pali anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mibadwo m'mabanja awo. Nthawi zina, mabanja otere amatha kukhala ndi anyani okalamba omwe, pazifukwa zilizonse, adasiyidwa okha.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri, anyani amakhala osungulumwa chifukwa pazifukwa zina amataya anzawo, ndipo sangathe kupanganso yatsopano.
Nyengo yakumasirana siimangokhala nthawi inayake pachaka. Mwamuna, wofikira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, amasankha mkazi yemwe amamukonda kuchokera kubanja lina, ndikuyamba kuwonetsa chidwi chake. Ngati amamumveranso chisoni, ndipo ali wokonzeka kubereka, amapanga banja.
M'magulu awiriwa, mwana mmodzi amabadwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse. Nthawi ya bere imakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Nthawi yodyetsa achinyamata mkaka wa mayi imatha pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Kenako pang'onopang'ono ana amaphunzira kupeza chakudya chawo pawokha.
Anyamata ndi makolo osamala kwambiri. Ana okulira amathandiza makolo kusamalira ana obadwa mpaka atakhala odziyimira pawokha. Akangobadwa kumene, makanda amamatira kuubweya wa mayiyo ndipo amayenda nawo limodzi pamwamba pa mitengo. Makolo amalankhulana ndi ana awo kudzera pamawu amawu ndi zowonera. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa maiboni ndi zaka 24 mpaka 30.
Adani achilengedwe a gibbon
Chithunzi: Okalamba Gibbon
Ngakhale kuti ma giboni ndi nyama zanzeru komanso zothamanga, ndipo mwachilengedwe amapatsidwa kuthekera kofulumira kukwera pamwamba pamitengo yayitali, akadalibe adani. Anthu ena okhala m'malo achilengedwe amawapha ngati nyama kapena kuti aphunzitse ana awo. Chiwerengero cha opha nyama mosaka nyama omwe akusaka ana a gibbon chikukula chaka chilichonse.
Chifukwa china chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa ziweto ndikuwononga malo awo achilengedwe. Madera akulu a nkhalango yamvula amachotsedwa kuti athe kulima minda, nthaka yaulimi, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, nyama zimasowa nyumba zawo komanso chakudya. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zonsezi, ma giboni ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe.
Omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi achinyamata komanso odwala, kaya okalamba. Nthawi zambiri anyani amatha kuzunzidwa ndi akangaude kapena njoka zaululu komanso zoopsa, zomwe zimakhala zazikulu m'malo ena anyani. M'madera ena, zifukwa zakufa kwa ma giboni ndikusintha kwakanthawi kwanyengo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe giboni imawonekera
Masiku ano, ambiri a subspecies a banja lino amakhala mchigawo chokwanira chachilengedwe. Komabe, ma giboni okhala ndi zida zoyera amawerengedwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyama ya nyama izi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ambiri. Ma Gibbons nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwidwa ndi zilombo zazikuluzikulu, zothamanga kwambiri.
Mitundu yambiri yomwe ili m'dera la Africa imagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi ziwalo zathupi za maliboni ngati zopangira, pamaziko a mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Nkhani yosunga kuchuluka kwa nyama izi ndi yovuta kwambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.
Mu 1975, akatswiri a zoois adalemba zoweta izi. Panthawiyo, chiwerengero chawo chinali pafupifupi anthu 4 miliyoni. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa m'nkhalango zotere kumabweretsa mfundo yoti chaka chilichonse anthu opitilira zikwi zingapo amasowa nyumba zawo ndi chakudya. Pankhaniyi, masiku ano akatswiri azachilengedwe akuti pafupifupi mitundu inayi ya anyaniwa ikuchititsa nkhawa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa anthu. Chifukwa chachikulu cha zodabwitsazi ndi ntchito za anthu.
Mlonda wa Gibbon
Chithunzi: Gibbon kuchokera ku Red Book
Chifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya ma giboni kwatsala pang'ono kutha, adalembedwa mu Red Book, apatsidwa udindo wa "mitundu ya nyama yomwe ili pangozi, kapena mtundu wina womwe uli pangozi."
Mitundu ya anyani omwe adalembedwa mu Red Book
- magiboni okhala ndi zida zoyera;
- gibbon ya Kloss;
- siliva kaboni;
- giboni yokhala ndi sulufule.
International Association for the Conservation of Animals ikupanga njira zingapo zomwe, poganiza, zithandizira kusunga ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu. M'malo ambiri okhalamo, nyamazi ndizoletsedwa kudula nkhalango.
Oimira ambiri amitundu yomwe ili pangozi adatengedwa kupita kumalo osungira nyama zamatchire, komwe akatswiri azanyama akuyesera kupanga zinthu zabwino komanso zovomerezeka zokhala ndi anyani. Komabe, kuvutikako ndikuti ma giboni amasamala kwambiri posankha zibwenzi. M'mikhalidwe yongopeka, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuberekana kukhale kovuta kwambiri.
M'mayiko ena, makamaka ku Indonesia, ma giboni amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama zopatulika zomwe zimabweretsa mwayi komanso zimaimira kupambana. Anthu akumaloko amasamala kwambiri nyamazi ndipo amayesetsa m'njira iliyonse kuti asazisokoneze.
Mzinda wa Gibbon Ndi nyama yochenjera kwambiri komanso yokongola. Ndiwothandizana nawo komanso makolo. Komabe, chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu, mitundu ina ya maiboni yatsala pang'ono kutha. Lero, umunthu ukuyesera kutenga njira zosiyanasiyana kuti ayesetse kusunga anyaniwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/11/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 18:02
