Agama - abuluzi owala ndi chikhalidwe chamtendere. Amakhala nthawi yayitali akusangalala ndi dzuwa lotentha ku Africa. Amagwirizana bwino ndi anthu, chifukwa chake amakhala wamba ngati ziweto - ngakhale sizovuta kusamalira agamas, amawoneka owala kwambiri komanso osowa, kupatula apo, si ng'ona, ndipo amafunikira chakudya chochepa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Agama
Kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Devoni, panali zamoyo zoyambirira zapadziko lapansi zoyambirira - zomwe kale zinkatchedwa stegocephals, tsopano zimaonedwa kuti ndi gulu lopambana, logwirizana pansi pa dzina lachilendo labyrinthodonts. Nyama izi zinkakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ndikuchulukana m'madzi. Pang`onopang`ono, zokwawa anayamba kukula, kutha kukhala patali ndi madzi - anafunika kukonzanso machitidwe ambiri m'thupi. Thupi la nyama izi pang'onopang'ono limapeza chitetezo ku desiccation, adayamba kuyenda bwino pamtunda, adaphunzira kuberekana osati m'madzi ndikupuma mothandizidwa ndi mapapu awo.
Kanema: Agama
Pachiyambi cha nyengo ya Carboniferous, panali kulumikizana kwakanthawi - Seymuriamorphs, omwe ali kale ndi mawonekedwe ambiri a zokwawa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mitundu yatsopano idayamba, yokhoza kufalikira m'malo ambiri, miyendo idakulitsidwa, mafupa ndi minofu idamangidwanso. Cotylosaurs adawonekera, kenako ma diapids adatuluka, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana. Ndizochokera kwa iwo kuti zotupazo zidachokera, komwe agamaswo amakhala. Kudzipatula kwawo kudachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Permian, ndipo mitundu yambiri idapangidwa ku Cretaceous.
Chakumapeto kwake, ndi njoka zomwe zinatuluka njoka. Kuwonekera kwa nthambiyi, komwe pambuyo pake kunadzetsa ma agama, nawonso ndi nthawi yomweyo. Ngakhale mtundu uwu wokha sungatchulidwe wakale - ngakhale chiyambi chakale chimalumikizidwa mosagwirizana ndi zokwawa zonse, makamaka, mitundu yambiri yamasiku ano idawoneka posachedwa - malinga ndi miyezo ya paleontology. Mtundu wa abuluzi agama ochokera m'mabanja agamic adafotokozedwa mu 1802 ndi FM. Doden, dzina lachi Latin la Agama, mtundu wa agama wamba wofotokozedwa mu 1758 ndi Karl Linnaeus, wotchedwa Agama agama.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi agama amawoneka bwanji
Kutalika kwa thupi limodzi ndi mchira mwa amuna akulu kumatha kusiyanasiyana - kuyambira masentimita 15 mpaka 40. Akazi amakhala ocheperako masentimita 6-10. Buluzi ali ndi mutu waufupi komanso thupi lolimba, mchira wautali. Zala za agama zimathera mu zikhadabo zazikulu zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi. Ma dimorphism ogonana amawonetsedwa osati kokha ndi kukula kwa kukula: mtunduwo umakhalanso wosiyana kwambiri. Amuna m'nyengo yokhwima amakhala ndi thupi lamdima wabuluu wonyezimira, ndipo mutuwo umatha kukhala woyera, wachikaso, lalanje kapena wofiira kwambiri.
Pali mzere woonekera kumbuyo. Mchira ndi wowala, m'munsi mwake ndi wofanana ndi thupi, ndipo kumapeto kwake umakhala wofiira wokwanira. Koma zonsezi zimangokhala munthawi yokhwima. Nthawi yonseyi, mtundu wamwamuna umafanana ndi wa akazi: thupi limakhala lofiirira, ndipo nthawi zina azitona - zimadalira chilengedwe, buluzi amayesetsa kutuluka pang'ono.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kugonana kwa agama wamba kumadalira kutentha komwe mazira adakhazikika: ngati sanali opitilira 27 ° C, ndiye kuti ana ambiri amakhala azimayi, ndipo ngati kutentha kumasungidwa pamwambapa, ndiye kuti adzakhala amuna. Chifukwa cha izi, kusamvana kwakukulu kumachitika nthawi zambiri pakati pa anthu. Ndizosangalatsanso kudziwa kuti mumitundu ina ya agama, chilichonse chimatha kukhala chotere, ndipo nthawi yotentha, makamaka akazi amabadwa.
Kodi agama amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Agama Lizard
Oimira banja la agamic amapezeka mu:
- Africa;
- Asia;
- Australia;
- Europe.
Amatha kukhala munyengo yozizira kuchokera kumadera otentha mpaka kuzizira komanso kusintha kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, chifukwa chake sapezeka m'malo ozizira okha, momwe zokwawa sizingakhale konse chifukwa cha magazi awo ozizira. Mungapeze agamas m'zipululu, madera, nkhalango, mapiri, m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamadzi. Zina mwazofalikiranso ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, ma steppe agamas, agamas aku Caucasus, variegated roundhead ndi ena. Abuluziwa adasinthiratu nyengo yozizira ndipo amakhala ambiri kumpoto kwa Eurasia.
Koma mitundu ya agama wamba sikofala kwambiri. Zitha kupezeka pakontinenti imodzi - Africa, komanso kumwera kokha kwa chipululu cha Sahara, koma nthawi yomweyo kumpoto kwa Tropic of Capricorn. Kuphatikiza pa maiko aku Continental, abuluziwa amakhalanso kuzilumba zapafupi - Madagascar, Comoros ndi Cape Verde. Poyamba, ma agama sanapezeke pazilumbazi, koma anthu amawabweretsa, ndipo adakwanitsa kuzolowera - zikhalidwe kumeneko ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi zakontinenti, ndipo ma agamas ali ndi adani ochepa. Amakhala makamaka m'mapiri ndi m'mapiri, komanso pakati pa mchenga wanyanja, ngati mungapeze tchire, mitengo ndi miyala pafupi.
Kumapeto kwake, amatha kukwera mwachangu komanso mwachangu, amathanso kukwera khoma lotsetsereka. Zomalizazi sizachilendo kwa iwo: ma agamas amakonda kusunthira pafupi ndi anthu. Amatha kukhala m'midzi kapena pafupi. Makamaka alipo ambiri ku West Africa, komwe kumidzi iliyonse mutha kuwona abuluzi awa atakhala pamakoma ndi padenga la nyumba ndikutenthedwa ndi dzuwa. Ndi chifukwa cha izi, pomwe mitundu yambiri ya nyama ikuchepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepera chifukwa chakukula kwa madera akutchire ndi anthu, agama imangokula kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi anthu, imadzaza malo atsopano, omwe kale anali nkhalango zazikulu, ndikufalikira mochulukira.
Mu ukapolo, agama iyenera kusungidwa mu terrarium yayikulu: osachepera 120 masentimita m'litali ndi 40 m'lifupi ndi kutalika, makamaka kuposa. Ndikofunika kuti mpweya wamkatiwu uume komanso mpweya wabwino; miyala kapena mchenga ziyikidwe mkati. Agamas amafunikiranso kuwala kambiri, kuphatikiza kuwala kwa ultraviolet - nthawi zambiri pachaka zachilengedwe sizingakhale zokwanira. Mkati mwa terrarium, payenera kukhala malo ozizira komanso otentha, yoyamba ili ndi malo ogona ndi madzi akumwa, ndipo yachiwiri ili ndi miyala yomwe buluzi adzagona ndikugundika. Komanso mu terrarium payenera kukhala zinthu zoti zikwere ndikukhala zomera. Mutha kuyika abuluzi angapo mu terrarium, koma payenera kukhala yamphongo imodzi.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasungire agama kunyumba. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chingadyetse buluzi.
Kodi agama amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Bearded Agama
Mndandanda wa agama umaphatikizapo:
- tizilombo;
- zazing'ono zazing'ono;
- zipatso;
- maluwa
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi omwe amawakonda kwambiri. Agama ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti agwire nyama zokulirapo, ndipo samachita bwino kawirikawiri, ndipo amafunikira tizilombo tambiri, ndiye kuti tsiku lonse amakhala atcheru, kudikirira chinthu chokoma kuti chizidutsa. Ming'oma imawathandiza kusunga nyama, ndipo lilime la agamas limatulutsa chinsinsi - chifukwa chake, amatha kudya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga chiswe kapena nyerere, pongoyendetsa lilime lawo m'deralo. Nthawi zina amagwira nyama zazing'ono zamphongo, kuphatikizapo zokwawa zina. Zakudya zotere zimakhala zopatsa thanzi, koma muyenera kuzisintha ndi zomera - kawirikawiri, koma agamas amatembenukiranso. Zomera zimakhala ndi mavitamini ofunikira omwe abuluzi sangapeze kuchokera kuzinthu zamoyo, komanso zimathandizira kugaya chakudya. Kukula kwakukulu, zakudya za mbewu ndizofanana ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, koma chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi chakudya chanyama, ndipo amabzala chakudya chosaposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu.
Mukasunga agama kunyumba, imadyetsedwa ndi mbozi, mphemvu, njoka ndi tizilombo tina. Kuphatikiza apo onjezani zipatso zopukutidwa bwino - nthochi, mapeyala, maapulo, kapena masamba - nkhaka, kabichi, kaloti. Nthawi yomweyo, simuyenera kupereka zomwezi nthawi zonse: ngati nthawi yomaliza inali tomato, nthawi ina mukaperekanso masamba a letesi, ndiye kaloti, ndi zina zambiri. Zokwanira kuti adye kamodzi masiku angapo, atakhuta, zotsalira za chakudya ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti zisadye. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mumayenera kuwonjezera madzi pang'ono amchere kwa omwe amamwa kuti agama alandire mavitamini, ndipo nthawi zina zowonjezera zowonjezera zimapangidwa pachakudya - koma simuyenera kupitiliranso, kamodzi pamwezi ndikokwanira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Agama m'chilengedwe
Agama amagwira ntchito masana, chifukwa abuluziwa amakonda dzuwa. Ndi cheza chake choyamba, amasiya malo awo obisalamo ndikuyamba kusefukira. Masiku a dzuwa ndiosangalatsa kwambiri kwa iwo: amapita pamalo otseguka, mwachitsanzo, pathanthwe kapena padenga la nyumba, ndikutuluka dzuwa. Nthawi imeneyi, mtundu wawo umawala kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale nthawi yotentha kwambiri, nyama zambiri zikamakonda kubisala kuti zisatenthedwe, agamas amakhalabe padzuwa lenileni: ino ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo. Koma ngakhale amatha kutenthedwa ndi kutentha, ndipo kuti apewe izi, amaphimba mitu yawo ndi zikoka zawo ndikukweza mchira wawo pamwamba pawo - zimapanga mthunzi wawung'ono. Ngakhale m'malo opumula kwambiri, agamas saiwala za kusaka, m'malo mwake, amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo, akangowona kuti tizilombo tuluka kale, amathamangira pambuyo pake. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi abuluzi am'madera, okonda kuteteza katundu wawo, ndipo paphiri lotseguka ndizosangalatsa osati kungotentha, komanso kuyang'anira malowa.
Powona kuti pali mwamuna wina pafupi, mwiniwake wa gawolo anapita kwa iye. Agamas akakumana, amatulutsa timatumba ta kukhosi kwawo, amatuluka ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuyamba kutembenuza mitu. Thupi lawo limakhala ndi utoto wolimba kwambiri, mutu umasanduka wabulauni, ndipo mawanga oyera amawonekera kumbuyo. Ngati palibe yamphongo yomwe imathawa ikasinthana kokoma, ndiye kuti imayamba kumenyanako, abuluzi amayesa kulumirana kumutu kapena kukhosi, kapena ngakhale kumchira. Zitha kubweretsa zilonda zazikulu, koma nkhondo zotere nthawi zambiri sizimatha ndiimfa: wogonjetsedwa amachoka pankhondo, ndipo wopambanayo amumasula.
Agamas okhala m'midzi kapena pafupi amakhala akuzolowera anthu ndipo samachita chilichonse ndi omwe amadutsa pafupi nawo, koma ngati aganiza kuti munthu amawakonda, amachita mantha. Nthawi yomweyo, mayendedwe awo ali ndi chidwi chambiri: amayamba kugwedeza mitu yawo, ndipo gawo lonse lakumaso kwa thupi lawo limadzuka ndikugwa ndi ichi. Zikuwoneka ngati agama mauta. Kuyandikira kwa munthu kwa iye, amamuchitira mwachangu, kufikira ataganiza kuti ndi nthawi yoti athamange. Amakwera modabwitsa kwambiri komanso mwachangu, motero amabisala kwakanthawi, kuti apeze kusiyana. Agama wapakhomo azitsogolera moyo wofanana ndi wamtchire: amakhala padzuwa kapena pansi pa nyale masana onse, nthawi zina kukwera zida zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimafunikira kuyikidwa mu terrarium. Simungamutulutse pansi, pokhapokha masiku otentha kwambiri nthawi yotentha, apo ayi atha kuzizidwa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Agama
Agamas amakhala m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a anthu angapo. Maulamuliro okhazikika amakhazikitsidwa mwa iwo: malo omwe ali m'chigawochi amagawidwa pakati pa abuluzi, olimba kwambiri amapeza malo abwino kwambiri. Pozindikira ma agamas, awa ndi omwe amapezeka miyala kapena nyumba zomwe zimakhala zotenthetsera dzuwa. Chinthu chachiwiri ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama. Ngakhale titatenga madera omwe sanayandikire wina ndi mnzake, titha kupeza tizilombo tambiri kuposa tina - izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mbewu ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Amuna olimba kwambiri amakhala ndi "chuma" cholemera ndipo samatha kudya nthawi yochuluka, chifukwa nthawi zonse mumakhala okwanira. Ofooka amakakamizidwa kuti azifunafuna okha chakudya, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sangathe kulowa mdera la wina, ngakhale atakhala kuti ndi ochulukirapo kwa eni ake - pambuyo pake, atawona wolakwayo, ayamba kuteteza katundu wake nthawi yomweyo.
Amuna ndi akazi amakula msinkhu wosiyanasiyana: woyamba ali ndi miyezi 14-18, ndipo wachiwiri amakhala wazaka ziwiri. Ngati pali nyengo yamvula m'deralo komwe agamas amakhala, imakhalanso nyengo yokhwima. Ngati sichoncho, abuluzi amatha kukwerana nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Agama amafunika chinyezi chochuluka kuti abereke, ndipo nthawi yamvula ndizosatheka. Ngati mkaziyo ali wokonzeka kukwatirana, ndiye kuti akope wamphongo amapanga mayendedwe apadera ndi mchira wake. Ngati umuna wachitika, ndiye kuti pakatha masiku 60-70 amakumba dzenje laling'ono - chifukwa cha izi amasankha malo amdima, ndikuikira mazira 5-7 pamenepo, pambuyo pake amabisa clutch ndikukhazikika pansi, kotero kuti ndizovuta kuzizindikira.
Zimatenga pafupifupi milungu khumi kuti mazirawo asakanikirane, kenako ana amaswa kuchokera kwa iwo, kunja kwake kumafanana ndi abuluzi akuluakulu, osati kukula kwenikweni. Amatha kufika masentimita 10, koma kutalika kwake kumagwera mchira, thupi nthawi zambiri limakhala 3.5-4 cm.Agamas obadwa okha ayenera kudyetsa okha okha, makolo awo sawadyetsa kapena kuwateteza - ngakhale atakhala m'dera limodzi , ubale pakati pawo umatha nthawi yomweyo mkazi atayikira mazira ndikuwayika m'manda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Udindo wamwamuna m'malo otsogola ukhoza kumveka msanga ndi kunyezimira kwa mtundu wake - ndi wolemera kwambiri, wamwamuna amakhala pafupi kwambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a agamas
Chithunzi: Kodi agama amawoneka bwanji
Mwa adani akulu a abuluzi awa:
- njoka;
- mongooses;
- mbalame zazikulu.
Kwa mbalame, kuti agamas amakhala m'malo otseguka, ndipo nthawi zambiri paphiri, ndizosavuta, ndizosavuta kuti azonde wovulalayo kuchokera kumtunda ndikutsikira pamenepo. Agama, ndi liwiro lake lonse komanso luso lake, samatha kuthawa mbalame nthawi zonse, ndipo ichi ndiye chiyembekezo chake chokha - alibe mwayi wolimbana nawo. Zimathandizira mbalame kusaka agamas ndi mtundu wawo wowala - kuphatikiza ndi chikondi kugona pamalo owoneka bwino, izi zimapangitsa agama kukhala amodzi mwa omwe amapezeka mosavuta, kotero kuti mbalame zimawapha pafupipafupi kuposa nyama zina zilizonse.
Koma amakhalanso ndi adani pakati pa zokwawa zina, makamaka njoka. Apa, zotsatira za nkhondoyi sizingakhale zomveka bwino, chifukwa chake njoka zimakonda kuzembera abuluzi mosazindikira, zimaponya mwamphamvu ndikuluma - poyizoni amatha kufooketsa kapena kufooketsa agama, pambuyo pake kumakhala kosavuta kuthana nayo. Koma ngati aona njoka, amatha kumuthawa - agama amathamanga kwambiri komanso amatha msanga, kapena amatha kuvulaza kwambiri zikhadabo zake, ngati njokayo siyokulirapo.
Amathanso kukakamizidwa kuthawa abuluzi owopsa kwambiri, komanso, kawirikawiri, koma agama amadyanso njoka. Mongooses sachita manyazi kudya agama ndi njoka - kulimba kwa agama sikokwanira motsutsana nawo. Apa, mofanana ndi mbalame zodya nyama, iye amangothamangira njira yake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kuchuluka kwa mitunduyo
Chithunzi: Agama Lizard
Agama wamba ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri. Buluzi uyu amabala bwino, palibe kuwedza, komanso, madera omwe amakhala amakhala osachepetsedwa chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, chifukwa agama amatha kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, komwe amakhala. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa agamas kumangowonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Palibe choipa chilichonse kuchokera ku abuluzi awa, samawononga, ndipo m'malo mwake, amadya tizilombo ndi tizirombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa cha ichi, amakhala bwino ndi anthu, ndipo amatha kumva kukhala otetezeka m'midzi, chifukwa nthawi zina adani awo amawopa kuwayandikira. M'mbuyomu, anali atafalikira ku Africa kokha, koma posachedwa adachulukitsa zachilengedwe ku Florida - zomwe zidawakomera, ndipo gulu la agama zakutchire zidachokera kuzinyama zomwe zinali kuthengo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kummwera kwa Rosawa ndi ma agamas ofikira ambiri. Amakhala ofanana ndi wamba - awa ndi abuluzi mpaka 30 cm kukula, amuna ndi akuda ndi buluu, ndipo akazi ndi owala lalanje. Amakondanso kuwotchera dzuwa masana, kukwawa kupita kumalo otchuka kwambiri, ndipo anthu amatha kuloledwa kukhala pafupi.
Ngati atathawa, ndiye, mosiyana ndi abuluzi ena omwe amachita mwakachetechete, amakhudza chilichonse chomwe chili mumsewu, ndichifukwa chake phokoso lalikulu limamveka panjira yawo. Thoroko kukhudza. Bright lalanje-buluu agama othandiza kwambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe ochezeka ndipo satenga chidwi kwambiri - ngakhale amafunikirabe terrarium yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, ndimotchuka ndi okonda amphibian. Mwachilengedwe, ndikofalikira komanso kumagwirizana bwino ndi anthu - kwa iye samakhala pachiwopsezo, komanso chitetezo kwa adani.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/01/2019
Idasinthidwa: 09.09.2019 pa 12:46
