Ng'ombe ya musk Ndi nyama yosaneneka yomwe imawoneka mwanjira inayake, chifukwa akatswiri a zoo asankha kukhala gulu lina. Dzinali limabwera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akunja a nkhosa ndi ng'ombe. Nyamayo idatenga malamulo ndi kapangidwe ka ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe kuchokera ku ng'ombe, mtundu wamakhalidwe ndi zina mwa nkhosa. M'mabuku ambiri olemba, amapezeka pansi pa dzina la musk ng'ombe.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Ng'ombe ya Musk
Ng'ombe ya musk ndi ya nyama zovutikira, imapatsidwa gawo la nyama, dongosolo la artiodactyls. Ndi woimira banja la bovids, mtundu ndi mitundu ya ng'ombe zamtundu. Dzina la nyamayo, lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini chakale, limatanthauza ng'ombe yamphongo. Izi ndichifukwa chosatheka kwa asayansi kuti agwirizane pokhudzana ndi komwe nyama idachokera komanso makolo awo.
Kanema: Musk ng'ombe
Makolo akale a ng'ombe zamasiku amakono amakhala padziko lapansi nthawi ya Miocene - zaka zopitilira 10 miliyoni zapitazo. Dera lomwe amakhala nthawi imeneyo linali mapiri aku Central Asia. Sizingatheke kudziwa molondola ndikufotokozera mawonekedwe, chikhalidwe ndi moyo wamakolo akale chifukwa chosowa zokwanira zokwanira.
Pafupifupi zaka 3.5-4 miliyoni zapitazo, nyengo ikakhala yovuta kwambiri, ng'ombe zamtundu wakale zimatsika kuchokera ku Himalaya ndikufalikira kudera lakumpoto kwa Eurasia ndi Siberia. Munthawi ya Pleistocene, oyimira akale amtunduwu, kuphatikiza mammoth, njati ndi zipembere, okhala ku Arctic Eurasia kwambiri.
Pakati pa kuzizira kwa Illinois, adasamukira m'mbali mwa Bering Isthmus kupita kudera la North America, kenako ku Greenland. Woyamba ku Europe kutsegula ng'ombe ya musk anali wantchito wa Hudson's Bay Company, Mngelezi Henry Kelsey.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe musk ng'ombe imawonekera
Ng'ombe ya musk imakhala ndi mawonekedwe achindunji, omwe amapangidwa ndi zikhalidwe zake. Thupi lake silikhala ndi zotupa zilizonse, zomwe zimachepetsa kutentha. Komanso, mawonekedwe apadera a chinyama ndi chovala chachitali komanso chokhuthala kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 14-16 kumbuyo ndi mpaka masentimita 50-60 mbali ndi pamimba. Kunja, zikuwoneka kuti adakutidwa ndi bulangeti labwino.
Chosangalatsa: Kuphatikiza pa ubweya, ng'ombe ya musk imakhala ndi chovala chamkati cholimba komanso chothinana kwambiri, chomwe chimafunda kwambiri kuposa 7-8 kuposa ubweya wa nkhosa. Chovalacho chinali ndi mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya tsitsi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, ndiye mwini ubweya wotentha kwambiri padziko lapansi.
M'nyengo yozizira, ubweyawo ndi wandiweyani komanso wautali. Molt imayamba mu Meyi ndipo imatha mpaka pakati pa Julayi. Nyama zimasiyanitsidwa ndi minofu yamphamvu, yopangidwa bwino. Ng'ombe ya musk imakhala ndi mutu wokulirapo komanso khosi lofupikitsa. Chifukwa cha chovala chachikulu, chonyentchera, chikuwoneka chokulirapo kuposa momwe ziliri. Mbali yakutsogolo, yakutsogolo kwa mutu imaphimbidwanso ndi ubweya. Makutu ake ndi amakona atatu ndipo ndiwosaoneka chifukwa cha malaya akuda. Ng'ombe ya musk ili ndi nyanga zazikulu zooneka ngati chikwakwa. Amakhuthala pamphumi, ndikuphimba ambiri.
Nyanga zimatha kukhala zotuwa, zofiirira, kapena zofiirira. Malangizo nthawi zonse amakhala akuda kuposa maziko. Kutalika kwa nyanga kumafika masentimita 60-75. Amapezeka amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma mwa akazi nthawi zonse amakhala amafupikitsa komanso osakhala ochepa. Miyendo ya ng'ombe ndi yaifupi komanso yamphamvu kwambiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ziboda zakutsogolo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa nswala zamphongo. Miyendo ili ndi ubweya wokulirapo komanso wautali. Mchira ndi wamfupi. Amakutidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya, ndichifukwa chake simawoneka kwathunthu.
Kukula kwa nyama ikamafota ndi mamita 1.3-1.5. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 600-750 kilogalamu. Mitunduyi imayang'aniridwa ndi imvi, bulauni, bulauni komanso wakuda. Nthawi zambiri gawo lakumtunda limakhala ndi kamvekedwe kopepuka, pansi pake kumakhala kofiira. Pali mzere wopepuka msana. Miyendo imakutanso ndi ubweya wowala.
Kodi musk ng'ombe imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Ng'ombe za Musk ku Russia
Malo okhala nyama akhala akumadera a Arctic ku Eurasia. Popita nthawi, m'mbali mwa Bering Isthmus, ng'ombe zamphongo zosamukira ku North America, ngakhale pambuyo pake ku Greenland.
Kusintha kwadziko kwanyengo, makamaka kutentha kwadziko, kwadzetsa kuchepa kwa ziweto ndi kuchepa kwa malo okhala. Beseni lakumtunda linayamba kuchepa ndi kusungunuka, kukula kwa chivundikiro cha matalala kunakulirakulira, ndipo tundra-steppes adasandulika madambo. Masiku ano, malo okhalamo a musk ng'ombe ali ku North America, mdera la Greenel ndi Pari, komanso kumpoto kwa Greenland.
Mpaka 1865, kuphatikiza, musk ng'ombe inali kumadera akumpoto a Alaska, koma m'derali idasinthidwa kwathunthu. Mu 1930, adabweretsedwanso kumeneko ochepa, ndipo mu 1936 pachilumba cha Nunivak. M'malo awa, musk ng'ombe idayamba mizu bwino. Ku Switzerland, Iceland ndi Norway, sikunali kotheka kuswana ziweto.
M'mbuyomu, kuswana ng'ombe kunayambikanso ku Russia. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kovuta kwa asayansi, pafupifupi 7-8 zikwi za anthu amakhala mdera la Taimyr tundra, pafupifupi anthu 800-900 pachilumba cha Wrangel, komanso ku Yakutia ndi Magadan.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kumakhala musk ng'ombe. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nyama idya.
Kodi musk ng'ombe imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Ng'ombe ya musk ng'ombe
Ng'ombe ya musk ndi herbivore yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika. Idakwanitsa kusintha ndikumakhala mwabwino nyengo yozizira ya Arctic. M'malo awa, nyengo yotentha imangotha milungu ingapo, kenako nyengo yozizira imabweranso, mkuntho wa chisanu, mphepo ndi chisanu choopsa. Munthawi imeneyi, gwero lalikulu la chakudya ndi masamba owuma, omwe nyama zimachokera pansi pa chipale chofewa ndi ziboda.
Chakudya cha musk ng'ombe:
- birch, shrub msondodzi;
- ndere;
- ndere, moss;
- udzu wa thonje;
- sedge;
- astragalus ndi mytnik;
- arctagrostis ndi arctophila;
- udzu;
- chiwombankhanga;
- udzu wa bango;
- dambo;
- bowa;
- zipatso.
Pofika nyengo yotentha, ng'ombe zamtundu wa musk zimabwera ndikunyambita kwachilengedwe, komwe zimapanga kusowa kwa mchere ndikutsata zinthu m'thupi. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimapeza chakudya chawo, kukumba pansi pa chivundikiro cha matalala, omwe makulidwe ake samapitilira theka la mita. Ngati makulidwe a chipale chofewa awonjezeka, musk ng'ombe sangapeze chakudya chake. M'nyengo yozizira, pomwe gwero lalikulu la chakudya ndi louma, masamba oundana, ng'ombe zamphongo zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri zikuzigaya.
Poyamba kutentha, amayesa kukhala pafupi ndi zigwa za mitsinje, kumene kuli zomera zolemera kwambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana. M'nyengo yotentha, amatha kudziunjikira mafuta okwanira. Pofika nyengo yozizira, imakhala pafupifupi 30% yolemera thupi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Siberia musk ng'ombe
Ng'ombe ya musk ndi nyama yomwe imasinthidwa bwino kuti izitha kukhala m'malo ozizira, ovuta. Amatha kukhala moyo wosamukasamuka, posankha malo omwe ali ndi mwayi wodyetsa. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amasamukira kumapiri, chifukwa mphepo yamkuntho imasesa chivundikirocho kuchokera pamwamba pake. Ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe, amabwerera kuzigwa ndi madera athyathyathya.
Moyo ndi machitidwe a ng'ombe yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imafanana ndi nkhosa. Amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kumafika pa 4 mpaka 10 mchilimwe, mpaka 15-20 m'nyengo yozizira. Masika, amuna nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu osiyana, kapena amakhala moyo wawokha. Anthu oterewa amawerengera pafupifupi 8-10% ya ziweto zonse.
Gulu lililonse lili ndi malo ake okhalamo komanso odyetserako ziweto. M'nyengo yotentha, imafika makilomita 200, nthawi yachilimwe imachepetsedwa mpaka 50. Gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi mtsogoleri yemwe amatsogolera aliyense pakufunafuna chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, udindo uwu umasewera ndi mtsogoleri kapena wamkulu, wamkazi wodziwa zambiri. Nthawi zovuta, ntchitoyi imaperekedwa kwa ng'ombe yamphongo.
Nyama zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina zimatha kuthamanga mpaka 35-45 km / h. Amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. M'nyengo yotentha, kudyetsa kumasinthasintha ndi kupumula masana. Pofika nyengo yozizira, amapuma nthawi yayitali, kugaya masamba omwe ndimachotsa pansi pachikuto cha chipale chofewa. Ng'ombe ya musk saopa mphepo yamphamvu komanso chisanu chachikulu. Mkuntho ukayamba, amagona atatembenuza mphepo. Chipale chofewa, chomwe chimakutidwa ndi kutumphuka, chimakhala chiwopsezo china kwa iwo.
Imayang'ana mlengalenga mothandizidwa ndi masomphenya opangidwa bwino komanso kununkhiza, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa mdaniyo ndikupeza chakudya pansi pa chipale chofewa. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa musk ng'ombe ndi zaka 11-14, koma ndi chakudya chokwanira, nthawi imeneyi yawirikiza kawiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ng'ombe ya Musk mwachilengedwe
Nthawi yoswana imayamba kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Ziweto zonse zokhwima zogonana, zokonzeka kukwatira, zimaphimbidwa ndi yamphongo imodzi, yomwe ndi mtsogoleri wa gululo. M'magulu omwe mitu yayikulu kwambiri, amuna owerengeka ochepa ndiwo amalowa m'malo mwa mtunduwo. Palibe chilichonse cholimbana ndi chidwi cha akazi.
Nthawi zina amuna amaonetsa nyonga patsogolo pawo. Izi zimawonetsedwa m'mutu wopendekera, kubangula, kuwaza, ziboda zogunda pansi. Ngati wotsutsana sanakonzekere kuvomereza, nthawi zina pamakhala ndewu. Nyama zimasunthana wina ndi mnzake kwa mphindi makumi asanu, ndipo, zikumwazikana, zimawombana ndi mitu yawo. Izi zimachitika mpaka olimba atagonjetsa ofooka. Nthawi zambiri, amuna amafa ngakhale pankhondo.
Pambuyo pa kukwatira, mimba imachitika, yomwe imatha miyezi 8-9. Zotsatira zake, ana awiri amabadwa, kawirikawiri. Kulemera kwa ana akhanda pafupifupi 7-8 kilogalamu. Maola ochepa atabadwa, makandawo amakhala okonzeka kutsatira amayi awo.
Mkaka wa amayi uli ndi ma calorie ambiri ndipo umakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Chifukwa chaichi, makanda obadwa kumene amakula mwachangu ndikulemera. Pofika miyezi iwiri, amakhala atayamba kale kupeza pafupifupi makilogalamu 40, ndipo anayi amawonjezera kulemera kwa thupi lawo kawiri.
Kudyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere kumatenga miyezi inayi, nthawi zina kumatenga chaka chimodzi. Sabata imodzi atabadwa, mwana amayamba kulawa moss ndi zitsamba. Pakadutsa mwezi umodzi, amadyetsa kale udzu kuphatikiza mkaka wa m'mawere.
Mwana wakhanda amakhala pansi pa chisamaliro cha amayi mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ana a ng'ombe nthawi zonse amasonkhana pamodzi m'magulu kuti achite masewera olumikizana. Mwa ana obadwa kumene, amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a ng'ombe zamtundu
Chithunzi: Momwe musk ng'ombe imawonekera
Ng'ombe za Musk mwachilengedwe zimapatsidwa nyanga zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu, minofu yotukuka kwambiri. Ndi ogwirizana kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawalola kuti athane ndi adani awo. Ngakhale zili choncho, ali ndi adani ambiri m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Adani achilengedwe a ng'ombe za musk:
- mimbulu;
- zimbalangondo zofiirira ndi zakumtunda;
- wolpira.
Mdani wina wowopsa kwambiri ndi munthu. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa nyamayo chifukwa cha nyanga zake ndi ubweya wake. Ophunzirira zikho zosawerengeka izi amaziyamikira kwambiri ndipo amapereka ndalama zambiri. Mphamvu yakumva kununkhiza komanso masomphenya otukuka bwino nthawi zambiri zimathandiza kudziwa njira zoopsa zochokera patali. Zikatere, ng'ombe yamphongo imathandizira kuthamanga, kupita kukathamanga, kenako nkuuluka. Nthawi zina, amatha kufikira liwiro la 40 km / h.
Ngati njira iyi siyibweretsa zomwe mukufuna, akulu amapanga mphete yolimba, yomwe pakati pake pali ana aang'ono. Poganizira za kuukira kwa chilombocho, wamkuluyo amabwerera kumalo ake ozungulira. Njira yodzitchinjiriza iyi imalola kuti munthu aziteteza moyenera adani achilengedwe, koma sizithandiza, koma, m'malo mwake, zimapangitsa osaka kuti asavutike kufunafuna nyama yawo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Ng'ombe ya musk ng'ombe
Lero ng'ombe ya musk ili ndi "chiopsezo chochepa chakutha". Komabe, zamoyozi zikadali m'manja mwa Arctic. Malinga ndi World Organisation for the Protection of Animals, kuchuluka kwake ndi mitu 136-148 zikwi. Alaska anali kunyumba pafupifupi 3,800 kuyambira 2005. Kukula kwa anthu ku Greenland kunali anthu 9-12 zikwi. Ku Nunavut, panali mitu pafupifupi 47,000, pomwe 35,000 amakhala m'dera lazilumba za Arctic.
Kumpoto chakumadzulo, panali pafupifupi anthu 75.5,000. Pafupifupi 92% ya anthuwa amakhala m'zilumba za Arctic. M'madera ena, musk ng'ombe imapezeka m'malo osungira nkhalango ndi malo osungira nyama, komwe kuli kosaloledwa kusaka nyama.
Kwa anthu a muskox, ngozi yayikulu imadza chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, opha nyama mosatekeseka, kutentha ndi kutentha kwa chipale chofewa, kupezeka kwa zimbalangondo ndi mimbulu yambiri ku North America. Ngati chipale chofewa chimakutidwa ndi ayezi, nyama sizingapeze chakudya chawo.
M'madera ena, musk ng'ombe zimasakidwa chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wamtengo wapatali, m'madera ena zimayesetsa kupeza nyama yomwe, mwa kulawa ndi kapangidwe kake, imafanana ndi ng'ombe. M'madera ena, mafuta a nyama ndiwofunikanso, pomwe mafuta amachiritso amapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu cosmetology.
Ng'ombe ya musk Ndi nyama yosangalatsa kwambiri yomwe imaphatikiza mawonekedwe a nkhosa ndi ng'ombe. Ndiwomwe amakhala m'malo ozizira, ozizira kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, ndikutentha kwa nyengo, kuchuluka kwake ndi malo okhala zikuchepa, ngakhale mpaka pano sizikubweretsa nkhawa iliyonse.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/27/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/29/2019 nthawi 21:21
