Dziko lathu limakhala ndi amphibiya osiyanasiyana. Mmodzi mwa oimira ochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'gulu lino la nyama ndi trito wamban. Ichi ndi cholengedwa chaching'ono kwambiri chomwe anthu wamba nthawi zambiri amasokoneza ndi achule ndi abuluzi. Komabe, izi ndi mitundu yosiyana kwambiri ya amphibians, yomwe ilibe zinthu zambiri wamba. Mutha kudziwa zambiri zazatsopano, zatsopano zakunja ndi machitidwe omwe ali m'bukuli.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Newt wamba
Ma newt wamba ndi oimira gulu lalikulu la nyama: "Amphibians". Ichi ndi mtundu wamatenda atsopanowa ochokera ku mtundu wina wamatenda ang'onoang'ono, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwazambiri komanso zofala padziko lapansi. M'Chilatini, dzina la nyama limamveka ngati "Lissotriton vulgaris". Kwa nthawi yoyamba nyama zamtunduwu zidazindikiridwa ndikufotokozedwa ndi Karl Linnaeus, katswiri wazachilengedwe wotchuka waku Sweden. Ndipo zidachitika kale mu 1758. Newts, kuphatikizapo wamba, adatchedwa ndi ulemu kwa mulungu Triton. Mulunguyu amawonetsedwa atakwera dolphin, womizidwa pang'ono m'mafunde anyanja.
Kanema: Watsopano Newt
Kodi kuzindikira ndi kusiyanitsa newt wamba kuchokera amphibians ena? Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zingapo. Newt wamba ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Kutalika kwake sikupitilira masentimita khumi. Komanso, mu masentimita khumi, theka loposa limakhala ndi mchira. Khungu la triton lotere limakhala lobiriwira pang'ono kapena losalala bwino, lofiira mumtambo wobiriwira wa azitona kapena bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono amdima. Mitunduyi imasiyana ndi abale ake apafupi kwambiri a ma newt chifukwa chokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakutali pamutu wamtundu wakuda, womwe uli pambali.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Newtt wamba, ngakhale amawoneka okongola komanso ochepa, ndi owopsa ku nyama zambiri. Khungu la amphibiya limatulutsa poyizoni wakupha. Katunduyu saopseza anthu, koma kwa nyama zambiri zamagazi amatha kupha. Poizoni wotereyu amathetsa nthawi yomweyo maplateleti onse m'magazi, zomwe zimabweretsa kumangidwa kwa mtima.
Newt wamba ndi cholengedwa chaching'ono, chosachita chidwi komanso chodzichepetsa. Ndiwodziwika kwambiri pamadzi am'madzi, chifukwa chake imasungidwa kunyumba. Kusunga nyama yotere kunyumba sikovuta konse. Ntchito yayikulu ya munthu ndikupanga ndikusunga mikhalidwe yoyenera: kuyatsa, nthaka, kudzaza ndi kukula kwa terrarium, zakudya. Kupereka zinthu zoyenera, munthu azitha kukhala ndi chiweto chokongola chomwe chingakhale zaka zosachepera makumi awiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Newt wamba m'madzi
Newt wamba ili ndi mawonekedwe akunja angapo:
- miyeso yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama iyi sikupitilira masentimita khumi - amuna nthawi zonse amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi. Masentimita khumi - izi zikuganizira mchira, womwe ndi theka la utali wonse;
- yosalala, nthawi zambiri - khungu losalala bwino. Mtundu wa khungu ukhoza kukhala wofiirira, maolivi. Mimba nthawi zonse imakhala yopepuka kuposa nsana: wachikaso kapena wowala lalanje. Pali mabala amdima pathupi, ndipo pamutu pali mikwingwirima yakuda m'mbali;
- miyendo yotukuka bwino. Newt ili ndi miyendo inayi yofanana. Miyendo iwiri yakumaso ili ndi zala zitatu kapena zinayi, ndipo kumbuyo kumakhala zisanu. Mapazi amalola nyama iyi kusambira bwino, ndikuyenda mozungulira pansi pa dziwe popanda mavuto. Pamtunda, ma newt amatha kuthamanga pang'ono;
- kusawona bwino, koma kununkhira bwino. Akuluakulu amatha kuzindikira nyama yawo pamtunda wa mita mazana awiri;
- mano otsukira. Iwo ali kumwamba mu mizere iwiri yofanana. Mano amasokonekera pang'ono pang'ono. Kapangidwe kamanoka kamathandiza kuti nyama igwire mwamphamvu mkamwa mwake.
Chosangalatsa: Ma newt wamba ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera - amatha kubwezeretsanso ziwalo zawo zamkati, maso kapena ziwalo zotayika.
Kodi nyerere wamba amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Newt wamba m'chilengedwe
Nkhalango zosakanikirana ndizoyenera kukhala ndi moyo kwa newt wamba. Nyama izi zimakhala, zimaswana m'madzi othamanga kapena pang'onopang'ono. Pamalo amabisala m'zitsamba, amapezeka m'mapaki, minda, malamba a m'nkhalango. Malo otseguka amapewa. Newt wamba ndi cholengedwa chofala kwambiri. Amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse. Kupatula kwawo ndi madera ena: Crimea, kumwera kwa France, Portugal, Antarctica, Spain. Malo okhala achilengedwe amatengera subspecies za newt wamba.
Pali ma subspecies asanu ndi awiri:
- Chilumba Amakhala ku Greece, Macedonia, Albania ndi Bulgaria;
- Triton wa Schmidtler. Amapezeka kumadzulo kwa Turkey kokha;
- Ampelny. Amatchedwanso mphesa. Ili ndi kakhola kotsika kotsika, kamakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Romania;
- Triton ya Cosswig. Ndiwonso amakhala ku Turkey. Mutha kukumana ndi nyama ngati imeneyi pagombe lakumwera chakumadzulo;
- Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris. Uwu ndi mtundu wosankhidwa. Ndizofala kwambiri. Malo ake achilengedwe amachokera ku Ireland mpaka kumadzulo kwa Siberia. Kusiyanitsa kwa nyama yotereyi ndikokwera kwakuthwa kwakutali, nsonga yakuthwa mchira;
- Southern newt yatsopano. Malo ake okhala ndi Slovenia, kumpoto kwa Italy, kumwera kwa France;
- Triton Lanza. Amakhala kumwera kwa Russia, kumpoto kwa Armenia, Azerbaijan ndi Georgia.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mwana watsopanoyu amakhala, tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi newt amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Newt wamba ku Russia
Ma newt wamba ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono koma zovuta kwambiri. Amasambira bwino kwambiri, miyendo yawo ndiyofulumira, ili ndi zala, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kusuntha pansi pamadzi pansi pamadzi popanda vuto. Ana awa amasaka pafupifupi nthawi zonse bwino. Amatha kukhala ndi nyama yolimba, ndipo kununkhiza kwawo kumawalola kununkhiza ngakhale mazana a mita kutali. Kuphatikiza apo, ma newtt amakhala ndi kamwa yolimba yokhala ndi mizere iwiri ya mano. Ndi chithandizo chake, chinyama chimagwira mosavuta nyama.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wa mwana watsopano. Nthawi zonse, kusiyana koteroko kumangokhala kukula kwa chiweto. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi, koma ngakhale izi ndizobisika. Komabe, munyengo yokhwima, kusiyana kwakugonana kumadziwika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, lokwera limawonekera kumbuyo kwa amuna.
Zakudya za newt wamba zimaphatikizapo:
- nkhanu;
- mphutsi za tizilombo ndi zina zopanda mafupa;
- caviar ya nsomba;
- ziphuphu;
- slugs ndi mbozi;
- mbozi;
- nthata zankhondo;
- zokonda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ma newt amakhala ndi chilakolako champhamvu kwambiri m'madzi. Pamtunda, amadya pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, m'mimba mwawo mumakhala madzi pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi, ndipo pamtunda - makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu okha. Kunyumba, zakudya za nyama ndizosiyana pang'ono. Amphibian otere amadyetsedwa ndi mavuvu apadziko lapansi, ma bloodworms, ndi shrimp shrimp.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kusunga ndikudyetsa atsopanowa mosamala kwambiri. Makamaka, mchenga kapena miyala yaying'ono sayenera kuikidwa mu terrarium. Mukamadya, chinyama chimatha kumeza mchenga ndiyeno pamakhala mwayi waukulu kwambiri kuti nyongolotsi imwalira ndi kutsekeka kwa m'matumbo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Newt wamba kuchokera ku Red Book
Ziwombankhanga zachikulire zimakhala zam'madzi komanso zapansi. Ali ndi mitsempha ndi mapapo zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala omasuka pamtunda komanso m'madzi. Katundu wachilengedweyu amathandiza nyamazi kupulumuka nthawi yachilala pomwe dziwe limauma. Mwambiri, moyo wa newt wamba ungagawidwe magawo awiri: dzinja, chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, ntchito za mitundu ya salamander imakhala yotsika kwambiri. A Newt amabisala pamtunda, kufunafuna malo ogona pasadakhale.
Ngakhale mulu wosavuta wa masamba ndi woyenera newt wamba. Koma njira yabwino kwambiri ndikubowola kosiyidwa. Nthawi zambiri, atsopanowa amabisala ndi obadwa nawo. Nthawi yozizira pagulu imawonjezera mwayi woti nyama zizikhala ndi moyo. Pakhoza kukhala akulu oposa makumi atatu mgulu. Kutentha kozungulira kukatsika pansi pa zero, timeneti timayamba kuzizira, timasiya kusuntha.
Zosangalatsa: Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti ma newt amapindulitsa kwambiri anthu. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timapha udzudzu wambiri. Amawadya onse mu nthawi yayikulu komanso akakula.
M'nyengo ya masika, ngakhale kutentha kotentha kwambiri kuposa madigiri 10 Celsius, anyani amadzuka atazizira kwambiri ndikubwerera m'madzi. Madzi panthawiyi ndi ozizira, koma ma newt amalekerera kutentha kotere. M'chilimwe, zatsopano zimagwira usiku. Sakonda kuwala kowala, samasinthidwa kutentha. Masana, mutha kuwona nyama yotereyi nthawi yamvula yokha. Nthawi zambiri, ma newt amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe ali ndi achikulire atatu kapena anayi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Newt wamba wamadzi
Chiyambi cha nyengo yokhwima chimagwirizana ndi nthawi yosiya malo okhala m'nyengo yozizira. Mwatsopano ma newt atangoyambiranso kulowa m'madzi nthawi yamasewera, masewera olimbirana nthawi yomweyo amayamba. Mosungiramo madzi, chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimayandikira pang'onopang'ono, chimasambira limodzi. Pakadali pano, woimira jenda wamphamvu akuyesera kumenya wokondedwa wake ndi mchira wake mwamphamvu. Nthawi ina masewerawa atatha, nyama zimakumanizana.
Nthawi yoswana ndiyitali. Nthawi imeneyi, nyongolotsi wamkazi amatha kuikira mazira ochuluka kwambiri. Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala kwa mazana ndipo kumatha kufikira zidutswa mazana asanu ndi awiri. Mzimayi amasisita mosamala chilichonse. Amayiyika pa tsamba lanthambi lomwe limamizidwa m'madzi ndikulipinda. Mwanjira imeneyi, amatha kupanga thumba la ndalama. Mmenemo, ana amtsogolo amatetezedwa moyenera, chifukwa pepalalo limapinda mwamphamvu chifukwa cha dzira.
Njira yakukhwima kwa machende imasiya pakadutsa masiku khumi ndi asanu. Kenako mphutsi zokhala ndi mchira zimatuluka. Mphutsi ndi pafupifupi mamilimita asanu ndi awiri kutalika. Tsiku loyamba la moyo wake, mphutsi sizidya ndipo zimayesetsa kuti zisawonekere m'malo otseguka. Patsiku lachiwiri lokha pakamwa pake pamatseguka, kumuloleza kuyamba kudya. Pambuyo pa milungu itatu, mboziyo imakula miyendo, ndipo patatha miyezi iwiri ndi theka, mboziyo imasandulika newt wamba.
Chosangalatsa: M'madera otentha, nthawi yophukira, mphutsi zimatha kuoneka bwino ngati achikulire. Kumpoto kwa chilengedwe, mphutsi sizikhala ndi nthawi yopitilira magawo onse a chitukuko, chifukwa chake zimakhala nyengo yozizira ndi mitsempha yakunja.
Adani achilengedwe a zatsopano
Chithunzi: Newt wamba ku Russia
Ma newt wamba ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono komanso zopanda chitetezo. Ali ndi miyezo yayikulu kwambiri yopulumuka atangokhala akapolo. Kunyumba, nyama izi zimatha kufikira zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu popanda mavuto. Ndizosatheka kupeza munthu wamkulu wazaka izi kuthengo. Kutalika kwakukhala ndi moyo mu ukapolo mu newts ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi zokha. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zakusiyanaku ndikupezeka kwa adani achilengedwe ambiri.
Adani ambiri a atsopanowa amadikirira m'madzi. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa amphibiya awa amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyama yomwe imakhala m'madzi samatsutsana ndi kudya nyama zatsopano.
Adani oyipitsitsa ndi awa:
- wachibale. Ngakhale pali ubale wachindunji, ma newt akulu amadya ang'onoang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, ma crested newt nthawi zambiri amawoneka mu izi;
- achule. Amphibians ndi osaka bwino kwambiri. Kwa iwo, ma newt ndi nyama zosavuta;
- nsomba. Nsomba, Pike, carp ndi nsomba zina zambiri kuukira akuluakulu amphibians kapena phwando pa mphutsi zawo;
- njoka ndi mamba. Amagwira mwaluso anyamata omwe ali ndi vuto losawona ndi kuwameza pafupifupi kwathunthu;
- mbalame ndi nyama zina zimakhala pamtunda. Ma newt wamba samawoneka kawirikawiri padziko lapansi. Koma akapita kumeneko, amakhala nyama zosavutikira ndi mbalame zina, chifukwa padziko lapansi mbalamezi ndizovuta kwambiri. Sanyansidwa ndikudya madyerero amadzi, atsitsi akuda, mallard.
Komabe, sizinthu zonse zatsopano zomwe sizitha kudziteteza. Ma subspecies ambiri amakhala ndi khungu lowopsa. Mwachitsanzo, nthiti ya malamba achikasu pachikuto chake imakhala ndi poizoni wokwanira kupha makoswe ang'onoang'ono zikwi makumi awiri mphambu zisanu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Newt wamba
Ma newt wamba amakhala ndi chonde chambiri. Mu nyengo imodzi yokwatirana, zazikazi zimatha kuikira mazira pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi awiri. M'madera ambiri azachilengedwe, malowa amalola kuti nyama zizikhala ndi anthu ambiri. Komabe, ngakhale kubereka kambiri m'madera ena sikungapulumutse izi ndipo masiku ano m'maiko ambiri kuchuluka kwa newt kwatsika kwambiri.
Kodi nchifukwa chiani kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengerochi?
Pali zingapo zazikulu:
- moyo waufupi. Mu ukapolo, newt sakhala zaka zopitilira khumi ndi zinayi. Pali zifukwa zambiri izi. Chofunika kwambiri ndikusowa chakudya, chilala komanso kusatetezeka kwa adani achilengedwe. Zatsopano zatsopano ndi zazing'ono kwambiri, sizolimba kwambiri, samatha kuona bwino ndipo sizolondola pamtunda. Zonsezi zimawapangitsa kukhala nyama yosavuta;
- kuipitsa matupi amadzi. Madzi akuda, zinyalala zambiri - zonsezi zimasowetsa nyama kwawo ndi chakudya;
- kusintha kwa malo ndi nyengo m'malo ena achilengedwe. Madamu ambiri amatayidwa madzi ndipo amasowa pang'onopang'ono. Kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudzanso anthu atsopano. Nyama izi sizimasinthidwa kutentha.
Kuteteza zatsopano
Chithunzi: Newt wamba kuchokera ku Red Book
Newt wamba ndi cholengedwa chaching'ono koma chothandiza kwambiri. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa udzudzu. Izi amphibians kudya udzudzu, kuphatikizapo oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu - malungo. Mpaka pano, ziweto zothandiza izi zachepa kwambiri, makamaka m'malo ena. Malinga ndi asayansi, izi zimakhudza zinthu zambiri, koma kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwamadzi ndi chilengedwe kumatchedwa chachikulu.
Chifukwa chakuchepa kwakukulu kwa ziwerengero zatsopano, adaphatikizidwa mu Red Data Books za Azerbaijan ndi Russia. Ku Switzerland, Great Britain, mtundu uwu umadziwika kuti ndi wosowa. Ku Switzerland, chiwerengerochi chatsika chifukwa chamadzi ambiri amadzi. Malingana ndi ziwerengero za boma, pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi awiri mwa magawo asanu aliwonse a matupi amadzi mdziko lonselo adakonzedwa. Izi zidapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa amphibiya kutsika kanayi. Ndipo panali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ziweto munyengo yayifupi kwambiri kwakuti asayansi anali ndi nkhawa yayikulu.
Komanso newt wamba masiku ano ali pansi pa chitetezo cha Berne Convention. Ma Newt ndi amphibian ambiri. Kusunga ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwawo, ndikofunikira kuteteza matupi amadzi omwe alipo, kuteteza zomera zomwe zikuwazungulira ndikuwongolera zachilengedwe m'malo ovuta.
Newt yatsopano - mmodzi wa oimira ang'onoang'ono a banja lake. Ichi ndi nyama yokongola kwambiri yomwe imapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wamadzi komanso pamtunda.Zatsopano za mtundu uwu zimapindulitsa kwambiri anthu, zimawononga udzudzu woopsa ndi mphutsi zawo. Masiku ano, ma newt wamba amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera kuchokera kwa anthu, chifukwa chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa chaka chilichonse.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 19.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 21:41
