Ambiri sanamvepo za mbalame yaying'ono ngati linnet... Ndipo ali ndi luso loimba, Linnet amalemba nyimbo zokoma zomwe zimasisita khutu, momwe munthu amatha kuzindikira trill yofanana ndi nightingale, ndi nyimbo yolira ya lark, komanso kulira kwa tit. Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane za mtundu wa mbalameyi, malo okhalamo kosatha, zizolowezi zawo, ndipo, zowonekera, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe akunja.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Linnet
Linnet amatchedwanso repol, ndi mbalame yaying'ono yanyimbo yomwe ili m'gulu la anthu odutsa, banja la mbalame zazing'ono komanso mtundu wa goldfinches. Banja ili ndi amodzi mwazofala kwambiri komanso ambiri pakati pa mbalame zanyimbo. Kwenikweni, mamembala ake ambiri ndi ochepa kukula pakati. Dongosolo la odutsa amathanso kutchedwa ambiri, chifukwa muli mitundu ya mbalame yoposa zikwi zisanu.
Kanema: Linnet
Linnet idadziwika ndi dzina loti nthawi zambiri imadya nthanga za chomerachi. Mbalameyi idatchedwa Repolov pachifukwa chomwechi, chifukwa pamakhala mbewu za burdock pazakudya zake. Linnet ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 13 mpaka 16. Mwa anthu okhwima, mapiko otambalala amatha kufikira masentimita 23 mpaka 26, ndipo kulemera kwake kwa mbalameyo kuli pafupifupi magalamu 22. Mwa anthu odutsa, mbalameyi imatha kuonedwa ngati inchi yeniyeni.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mtundu wa nthenga umasiyanitsa amuna a Linnet ndi akazi. Mwa amuna, imakhala yowala kwambiri komanso yopitilira muyeso nthawi yakumasirana. Mtundu wa zovala zawo uli ndi utoto wofiyira womwe suwoneka mwa akazi. Mwachiwonekere, amuna amafunikira kuwala kuti akope chidwi cha akazi m'nyengo ya mbalame zaukwati, chifukwa njondayo imayenera kupereka chithunzi chabwino kwa mayiyo.
Achibale apafupi kwambiri a linnet ndi awa:
- zopingasa za spruce;
- zokhala zobiriwira;
- mbalame;
- mbalame za canary.
Pali magawano wamba a linnet m'magulu atatu, akatswiri odziwika bwino amasiyanitsa:
- linnet wamba, yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe akunja, omwe afotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa;
- Linnet ya Turkestan, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi bulauni wonyezimira, mithunzi yofiira yamphongo ndi yolemera kwambiri ndipo imagawidwa kwambiri pathupi, kulowa m'mimba ndi m'mbali. Boma la Turkmen likhoza kutchedwa lalikulu kwambiri;
- Linnet ya Crimea, yomwe imasiyana mosiyana ndi koyambirira kwamikono yoyera yamapiko ndi mabala ofiira owoneka bwino kwambiri amuna.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Linnet mbalame
Makulidwe a linnet afotokozedwa kale, koma mtundu wa nthenga zake uyenera kuchitidwa mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa ndi momwe zimakhalira kuti mawonekedwe azakugonana amadziwonetsera. Amuna ali ndi zovala zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino kuposa akazi. Kwa amuna, kupezeka kwa nthenga zofiira-burgundy pachifuwa ndi kumutu ndichikhalidwe. Gawo lam'mimba ndiloyera, ndipo mbali yakumbuyo ya mbalameyi imakhala yofiirira.
Mapiko ndi mchira wake zili ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi yakuda yakuda, mtundu womwewo ndi mchira wa mbalameyi. Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka otayika komanso wamba, alibe mtundu wofiira m'mapiko awo. Kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kofiirira kofiirira. Dera lachifuwa ndi pamimba ndilowala pang'ono ndi mawonekedwe amizere yofiirira, yomwe imakhala ndi kutalika kwakutali.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Oyang'anira mbalame awona kuti achikulire amalumikizana, cholemera komanso chowala kwambiri mu khofi (makamaka izi zimakhudza amuna).
Mlomo wa Linnet ndi wamfupi komanso wonenepa pansi, uli ndi mawonekedwe a kondomu ndipo ndi wotuwa. Miyendo ya mbalameyi ndi yayitali, yokhala ndi zala zopindika zolimbitsa ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Miyendo ndi yofiirira. Repolov ili ndi mapiko ataliatali komanso osongoka, pomwe aliyense amakhala ndi nthenga zowuluka. Kutalika kwa mapiko sikupitilira masentimita 8. Mchira wa mbalameyo umatalikitsidwanso, cholembera chake chimafotokozedwa moperewera, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 4. Kukulira kwa m'kamwa mwake ndi gawo lapadera la linnet, mothandizidwa ndi momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuti mbalameyo idule njere zolimba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Kodi Linnet amakhala kuti?
Kutengera ndi gawo la subspecies inayake, dera lokhalamo linnet limasiyana. Linnet wamba amapezeka pafupifupi kudera lonse la USSR wakale, ku Europe (makamaka kumadzulo), m'maiko aku Scandinavia. M'dziko lathu, mbalamezi zimakhala kumadera akumadzulo. Malire akum'mawa a malo okhala amayenda kudera la Tyumen. Anthu ochepa a mbalame zanyimbozi amapezeka pagombe lamanja la Volga pafupi ndi Kamyshin ndi Dubovka.
Simudzawona Linnet ya Crimea kulikonse, kupatula Peninsula ya Crimea, subspecies iyi imapezeka. Linnet Turkestan amakhala ku Iran, Afghanistan, Trans-Caspian Territory, Turkestan, India. Ku Caucasus, mbalamezi zimayenda bwino kwambiri kumapiri ndi m'munsi mwa Central Asia, zokhazikika pamapiri amiyala. Anthu ambiri amapezeka m'mapiri a Tien Shan, pafupi ndi Dzhambul, ndipo amapezekanso kumapiri kumpoto kwa Tajikistan.
Chosangalatsa: repolids aku Turkestan samakhazikika kunja kwa phazi m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa Gulu losamukasamuka la linnet wamba limayenda kumeneko nthawi yozizira.
Linnets samachita manyazi ndi malo azikhalidwe, kukhazikika pamaheji, ziwembu zaumwini, m'minda, m'lamba la nkhalango m'misewu. Mbalamezi sizimakonda nkhalango zowirira. Koma kakulidwe kakang'ono ka shrub m'mphepete mwa nkhalango kapena m'mphepete mwa dambo ndikuwakonda. Subpecies za Turkestan ngati zowuma, zamapiri, zamiyala, zowoneka bwino, pomwe zimamera tchire (meadowsweet, astragalus, barberry, juniper). Tisaiwale kuti linnet yosamukirako imawulukira nthawi yachisanu kupita ku Africa, gombe la Aral Sea, Iran ndi zigawo za m'chigawo cha Caspian.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kumakhala mbalame ya Linnet. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi Linnet amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Linnet ku Russia
Menyu ya Linnet, makamaka, imakhala ndi masamba. Mbalame yaying'ono iyi imatha kutchedwa granivore chifukwa amadya mbewu ndi mbewu za zomera zosiyanasiyana mosangalala. Zakudya zoterezi zimalola azimayi ambiri a linnet kuti azingokhala, chifukwa amatha kuchita popanda tizilombo, omwe sangapezeke nthawi yozizira.
Mbalame zimadya:
- mbewu za mpendadzuwa, poppy ndi hemp;
- burdock;
- chomera;
- dandelion;
- hellebore;
- sorelo yamahatchi;
- mtolo.
Komabe, kuwonjezera pa njere ndi zitsamba, mitundu yonse ya tizilombo imapezeka mu zakudya za repol, zomwe mbalame zimakwaniritsa zomanga thupi mthupi. Zachidziwikire, chakudya choterechi chimakhala chochepa kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomera. Makolo osamalira ana amathandiziranso anapiye ang'onoang'ono obadwa kumene ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana, mphutsi zawo ndi nthanga. Pa chakudya chama protein, ana amakula mwachangu, ndikulemera.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti linnet imadyedwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, chifukwa kwambiri mafoni ndi kakang'ono. Mphamvu za Linnet zimawonongeka ndi liwiro la mphezi, chifukwa chake zimafunikira kulimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse. Vuto lalikulu limabwera kwa mbalameyi ngati sinadye kalikonse kwa ola limodzi. Monga tanena kale, m'kamwa mwa linnet muli mabowo kapena nthiti zapadera zomwe zimathandiza mbalameyo kugaya mbewu ndi mbewu zolimba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Linnet wamwamuna
Linnet akukhala kumadera omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha amaonedwa kuti amangokhala, amakhala m'malo awo okhalamo kapena amayenda mtunda wawufupi. Kuchokera kumadera akumpoto kwambiri, mbalamezi zimathamangira kumadera ozizira kumadera ofunda. Pakusamuka kwakutali, ngakhale m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, mbalamezi ndimagulu ochepa chabe, okhala ndi mapiko 20 mpaka 30. Nthawi zambiri, makampani awo amakhala opanda phokoso, amasuntha, kubisala muudzu wamtali komanso tchire zosiyanasiyana.
Linnets amabwerera komwe amakhala m'nyengo yozizira kumayambiriro kwa masika - mu Marichi, pomwepo kuyamba nthawi yovundikira mwakhama, akuyimba nyimbo zawo. Nyimbo ya Linnet ndiyosangalatsa kwambiri, momwemo amatha kuzindikira ma tridescent, ndi mluzu, komanso kulira mopepuka, ndikuphwanya, zinthu zonse zaluso izi zimatsatizana motsatira.
Chosangalatsa: Amuna a repolov amawoneka, mwachitsanzo, pakuimba limodzi, sakonda kuyimba m'modzi m'modzi. Mbalame zingapo, zomwe zimayandikana, zimayimba nyimbo nthawi imodzi.
Pakati pa nyimbo, amuna amatha kukwera mmwamba, osayimitsa matayala awo, atapanga mabwalo angapo, amakhalanso pa nthambi yomweyo. Mutha kuzindikira kuti zikamasewera, mbalame zimakweza gawo lawo lofiira ndikusinthira pang'ono thupi mbali ndi mbali. Nyimbo zimaimbidwa mpaka pomwe amapita kumadera akumwera, koma ndi omveka bwino isanayambike mazira. Linnet amauluka mwina kumapeto kwa Seputembara kapena Okutobala.
Ngati mungafotokozere za Linnet, amatha kutchedwa mbalame zosamala komanso zowopsa. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo ali ndi adani ambiri. Mbalamezi ndizovuta kuziziritsa. ndi amantha ndipo safuna kulumikizana ndi anthu, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo olimidwa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Linnet chick
Mapangidwe awiriawiri mu linnet amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Munthawi imeneyi, amuna amayimba mwamphamvu, ndikukweza mawonekedwe awo owoneka bwino, motero amakopa anzawo. Banja lililonse lophunzira lili ndi gawo lawo, ngakhale ndilaling'ono, kotero oyandikana nawo nthenga amakhala pafupi kwambiri. Mitengo ya Linnet imakondedwa ndi zitsamba zowirira komanso zaminga, magawo otsika a nthambi zamitengo yazipatso, mitengo ya spruce yokhayokha, mitengo yamapini ndi mitengo ya mlombwa yomwe ili m'mapiri kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, malo otsetsereka.
Chisa chili pamtunda wa 1 mpaka 3 mita, ndichamphamvu kwambiri komanso cholimba. Makoma akunja opangira zisa adalukidwa kuchokera ku zimayambira zowuma ndi udzu, mizu, yolimbitsidwa ndi ziphuphu ndi moss. Kuchokera mkati, kama umakhala ndi nthenga, ubweya wa nyama, tsitsi la akavalo. Malo okhala zisa samapitilira masentimita asanu ndi limodzi m'mimba mwake, ndipo kuya kwake kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 4. Mbalameyi imatha kupanga zokopa zingapo pachaka. Yoyamba imagwera Meyi, ndipo yachiwiri - mu Julayi.
Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 4 mpaka 6 okhala ndi mtundu wabuluu wobiriwira. Pa chipolopolocho, mabala a burgundy ndi ofiirira ndi ma deshi amawoneka, ndikupanga kumapeto kwa dzira china ngati corolla. Ndi mkazi yekhayo amene amachita nawo makulitsidwe. Njira yolumikizira imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Anapiye amakhala pachisa nthawi yomweyo. Pakubadwa, makanda amakhala okutidwa ndi kutalika kwakutali ndi kokulirapo, komwe kumakhala ndi khungu loyera.
Anawo akayamba kuuluka ulendo woyamba, amadyetsedwa kwa masiku angapo ndi bambo wachikondi. Mzimayi panthawiyi amatanganidwa ndi kukonza chisa cha clutch yotsatira. Ana awiri achiwiri amasiya chisa cha makolo kumapeto kwa Julayi. Pakutha pa Ogasiti, mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu, kuyamba kukonzekera kunyamuka. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera kuti pansi pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe mitengo ya linnet imakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi, mu ukapolo imatha kukhala zaka zingapo, koma sizovuta kuyisokoneza.
Adani achilengedwe a linnet
Chithunzi: Linnet mbalame
Sizosadabwitsa kuti Linnet ili ndi adani ambiri mwachilengedwe, chifukwa ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, yamanyazi komanso yopanda vuto. Linnet, wokhala m'mizinda ndi malo ena okhalamo anthu, nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi amphaka omwe amawasaka. Kuopsa kwa mbalame zazing'onozi kumadikirira nyama zina, kuphatikizapo mbalame, zomwe sizidana nazo. Zachidziwikire, nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizidziwika bwino ndizomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri. Mwambiri, ma repolovs amapulumutsidwa ndimayendedwe awo, kutha msanga komanso msanga, chifukwa chake si nyama zonse zomwe zimatha kugwira mbalame zamtunduwu, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuyesera molimbika. Musaiwale za kuopa kwambiri ndi kusamala kwa Linnet, yemwe nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukhala atcheru.
Adani a Linnet atha kuphatikizanso anthu, omwe amakhudza mbalame, mwachindunji kapena m'njira zina. Pachiyambi, anthu ambiri amazigwira mbalamezi kuti azisunge, zomwe sizikhala ndi moyo wabwino, chifukwa mbalame sizikufuna kulumikizana ndipo sizimakonda kukhazikika m'makola, koma zimakonda zotsekera zazikulu kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Linnet yemwe amakhala m'makampani opanga ndege amakonda kuberekana ndipo amatha kusinthana bwino ndi ma greenfinches, ma goldfinches ndi ma canaries.
Zinthu zosadziwika bwino zomwe zimakhudza mbalamezi zimaphatikizapo zochitika zachuma zomwe anthu amachita, kusamutsa mbalame m'malo awo okhazikika ndikuwononga chilengedwe chonse.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Linnet
Zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa Linnet sizikhala zabwino nthawi zonse. M'malo ake ena, mbalame zatsika kwambiri, zomwe zimadzetsa nkhawa pakati pa mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe. Chiwerengero cha mbalamezi ndi chochepa kwambiri m'madera omwe ali kufupi ndi malire akumpoto chakugawika kwa mbalame, koposa pamenepo mbalame zakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa gawo la Europe la USSR wakale.
Pali umboni wokhumudwitsa kuti mzaka zaposachedwa chiwerengero cha opitilirawa chatsika kwambiri, chatsika ndi zoposa 60 peresenti. Asayansi a mbalame adatha kudziwa chifukwa chachikulu chazovutira zoterezi. Amakhulupirira kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira minda akupha mbalame zambirimbiri zomwe zimadya mbewu ndi mbewu zake, zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni ndi kufa.
Anthu amakopa kuchuluka kwa mbalamezo polowa m'malo omwe mbalame zimasunthika kwamuyaya, ndikuwononga zachilengedwe, ndikukhala m'malo omwe mbalame zimakhazikika pazofuna zawo, potero zimakakamiza mbalamezo kufunafuna malo okhala okhalitsa. Zonsezi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu a Linnet, kuchuluka kwake kukupitilira kuchepa mpaka pano, chifukwa chake amafunikira njira zapadera zodzitetezera.
Kuteteza kwa Linnet
Chithunzi: Linnet wochokera ku Red Book
Zinthu zambiri zoyipa zidakhudza kuchuluka kwa Linnet, komwe kudachepa kwambiri. Ngakhale malo omwe mbalame zazing'onozi zimafalitsa kwambiri, madera ena kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri. Monga tanena kale, ziwerengero zoyipa zikuwonetsa kuti mzaka makumi anayi zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kwatsika ndi 62 peresenti, zomwe ndizokhumudwitsa komanso zowopsa.
Mliri waukulu womwe umawononga mbalame ndi chithandizo chaminda yamsongole ndi ma reagents amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Popeza mbalamezi zimadya makamaka njere za namsongole, zimafa chifukwa chakupha ndi poizoni. Pali zinthu zingapo zoyipa zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya repolov, koma poyizoni ndi ziphe amadziwika kuti ndiye wamkulu kwambiri komanso wowopsa kwambiri.
Zotsatira zoyipa zonsezi ndikuwona kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zazing'onozi, zomwe zikupitilirabe mpaka pano, zidapangitsa kuti m'maiko ena Linnet adatchulidwa mu Red Book. Komwe Linnet ndiyotetezedwa, magawo okhala ndi mbalame zokwanira amaphatikizidwa. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira kuti zochita zambiri za anthu zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa zomwe zimakhudza miyoyo ya mbalame zazing'ono komanso zopanda vuto. Tikuyembekeza kuti njira zodzitchinjiriza zithandizira kukhazikika kwa Linnet, ndikuchepetsa kuchepa.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti chodabwitsa komanso chaching'ono chotere linnet sigunda osati kokha ndi kuyimba kwake kwabwino komanso kosangalatsa, komanso ndi chikondi chaufulu chobadwa mwa mwana uyu, chomwe sichidzasinthanitsa kukhalapo kwaulere ndi khola, ngakhale atakhala wagolide.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 15.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 20.06.2020 ku 23:01
