Nkhumba - mtundu wofala ku Africa. Nkhumba izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo osawoneka bwino, omwe adadzipatsa dzina. Ndiwokhala okhaokha mwamtendere omwe amatenga gawo lofunikira pazachilengedwe zaku Africa. Nkhumba zimasaka nyama zambiri, ndipo zimakhala ndi zomera zamsongole komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Warthog
Tsankhu ndi membala wa banja la nkhumba lomwe limakhala kuthengo. Iyi ndi nyama yokhala ndi ziboda, monga ena onse am'banjamo. Mwambiri, banjali limaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ndi itatu, ina mwa iyo idakhala mbadwa za nkhumba zoweta.
Mamembala onse am'banja ndi ofanana mu magawo otsatirawa:
- yaying'ono, wandiweyani thupi, ngati amakona anayi;
- miyendo yayifupi yolimba ndi ziboda;
- mutu wopingasa, womwe umathera mu mphuno yakufa - imalola nkhumba kugwetsa nthaka kufunafuna chakudya;
- tsitsi lochepa, lokhala ndi tsitsi lakuda lakuda - ma bristles.
Nkhumba zimakhala moyo wodekha, nthawi zonse posaka chakudya. Pansi pa khungu lakuda pali mafuta ochulukirapo, omwe amachititsa kuti nkhumba zizitha kunenepa kwambiri - ndichifukwa chake zidasinthidwa. Ndizosavuta kudyetsa komanso ndizovuta kuonda. Nkhumba zimabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso makulidwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nkhumba ndi zina mwa nyama zisanu ndi zinayi zanzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa zimawonetsa luntha komanso chidwi.
Kanema: Warthog
Mwachilengedwe, samachita zankhanza, koma amatha kuwukira podziteteza. Nkhumba zonse ndizopatsa chidwi, ngakhale poyamba zimakonda zakudya zamasamba. Nthawi zina nkhumba zazimuna (makamaka mitundu ina) zatulutsa nkhwangwa, zomwe sizimamuthandiza podziteteza, koma zimamulola kuti adule nthaka yolimba posaka mizu yokoma.
Kuweta nkhumba kunachitika kalekale, motero ndizovuta kunena kuti ndi anthu ati omwe adayamba kuchita izi. Zikuoneka kuti nkhumba zoyambirira zoweta zidapezeka ku China mzaka zam'ma eyiti BC. Kuyambira pamenepo, nkhumba zakhazikika pafupi ndi anthu: zimalandira nyama, zikopa zolimba, komanso mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ziwalo zina za nkhumba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuziika - ndizoyenera kumuika munthu.
Chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo kwakuthupi ndi anthu, kuyesa kumachitika nkhumba. Mitundu yotukuka ya nkhumba zazing'ono zimasungidwa ngati ziweto, ndipo sizotsika poyerekeza ndi kulingalira kwa agalu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nguluwe
Warthog imadziwika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola. Thupi lake ndilolitali, locheperako komanso laling'ono kuposa thupi la nkhumba wamba wamba. Kukhwima ndi msana wakulephera ndizodziwika bwino, zomwe zimalola kuti mphalapala zizitha kuyenda kwambiri kuposa anzawo m'banjamo.
Agulugufe ali ndi mutu waukulu, wosongoka, wosadzaza ziputu. Mphuno yayitali imathera mu "chigamba" chachikulu chokhala ndi mphuno zazikulu. Manja ake ndi owoneka bwino - mano apamwamba, omwe ali pamwamba, akugwada pakamwa. Zipatso zazing'ono ndi zoyera; mwa achikulire, amasanduka achikasu. Ziphuphu zimatha kukula mpaka 60 cm ndikukula moyo wonse.
Pa mbali ya mphutsi, pali mafuta ochepa omwe ali ofanana, omwe amawoneka ngati ziphuphu - chifukwa cha ichi, nkhumba yakutchire idatchedwa dzina. Pakhoza kukhala mafuta amodzi osungika, kapena awiri kapena atatu. Pafupi ndi maso akuda kwa mphalapala pali mapinda ambiri akuya omwe amafanana ndi makwinya.
Kuyambira kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndikufota mpaka pakati kumbuyo, pali bristle yayitali yolimba. Mwambiri, warthog ilibe tsitsi - ma bristles olimba osowa amagwa kwathunthu ndi ukalamba, ndipo nkhumba siziwasowa. Palinso tsitsi lofiira kapena loyera pamimba.
Chosangalatsa: M'magulu akalulu akale, tsitsi pamimba ndi mane limasanduka imvi.
Miyendo ya warthog ndi yayitali komanso yamphamvu. Mchira wautali, wosuntha wa nkhumba umatha kukwera mmwamba, potero umapereka chizindikiro kwa achibale ake. Mchira umatha ndi ngayaye yosalala, yolimba. Kutalika komwe kumafota kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 85, kutalika kwa thupi osaganizira mchira ndi masentimita 150. Nguluwe yakutchire yayikulu imatha kulemera mpaka makilogalamu 150, koma pafupifupi kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 50.
Khungu la mphalapala ndi laimvi, pafupifupi lakuda. Nkhumba zazing'ono ndi ana ang'onoang'ono ali ndi khungu lofiira ndi lofiirira, amadzaza ndi tsitsi lofiira. Ndi ukalamba, malaya amdima ndikugwa.
Kodi nsombazi zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Warthog ku Africa
Nkhumba zimapezeka ku Africa konse mpaka ku chipululu cha Sahara. Ndi gawo lofunikira m'chilengedwe cha ku Africa, chifukwa amasakidwa ndi zilombo zambiri, ndipo zikuluzikuluzo zimayang'anira anthu okhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana.
Mosiyana ndi nthumwi zina za banja lopanda ungwiro, iwo amangokhala ndipo samakonda kupita kwina ndi kwina. Nkhumba, makamaka zazikazi, zimakumba maenje okuya pansi, komwe zimabisala chifukwa cha kutentha kapena kubisalira adani. Maenje otere amatha kupezeka muudzu wamtali kapena mumizu yamitengo. Ma burrows ambiri amapezeka nthawi yoswana, pomwe ana a warthog amawoneka. Poyamba zimabisala m'malo obisalamo mpaka zitayamba kulimba.
Chosangalatsa: Tinsomba ting'onoting'ono timakundana pansi pa dzenje, ndipo amayi awo, akubwerera chammbuyo, amaoneka kuti amatseka okha dzenjeli, motero amateteza ana awo kwa adani.
Nguluwe zakutchirezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'malo omwe mulibe nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala zosavuta kuti nyama zolusa zibisalike m'nkhalangomo. Nthawi yomweyo, nguluwe zakutchire nthawi zambiri zimakumba maenje pansi pa mizu ya mitengo ndipo zimakonda kudya zipatso zomwe zagwa, chifukwa chake m'masamba ndi apolisi komwe nkhumba zamtchirezi zimakhala, malo ndi zomera zimagwirizana.
Kodi warthog amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nkhumba ya nkhumba
Nkhuthi ndi zamphongo, ngakhale zimakonda zakudya zazomera. Nthawi zambiri, chakudya chawo chimaphatikizapo:
- mizu yomwe amapeza pokumba nthaka ndi akalulu awo;
- zipatso, zipatso zakugwa mumitengo;
- udzu wobiriwira;
- mtedza, mphukira zazing'ono;
- bowa (kuphatikizapo poyizoni - nkhumba za nkhumba zimadya pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse);
- ngati akumana ndi nyama yakufa, nkhumbazo zidzadyanso;
- nthawi zina akamadyetsa, mwangozi amatha kudya makoswe kapena mbalame zazing'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi nkhumbazi.
Chosangalatsa: Nkhumba zimakhala ndi fungo labwino - zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza bowa wamtengo wapatali - truffles.
Warthog amadyetsa motere. Mutu wake waukulu wokhala ndi khosi lalifupi salola kuti ugwadire pansi, monga momwe zimadyera nyama zambiri, chifukwa chake warthog amapinda miyendo yakutsogolo m'mabondo, kuwapumitsa pansi ndikudya motere. Momwemonso, amayenda, ndikung'amba nthaka ndi mphuno kufunafuna chakudya. Mwa mawonekedwe awa, amakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani. Chifukwa cha moyo wamtunduwu, ankhondo agulu amayamba kulira atagwada.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Warthog
Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana m'njira zawo. Amuna amakonda kukhala okha: kawirikawiri anyamata achichepere amasochera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amayi amakhala m'magulu a anthu 10 mpaka 70, ambiri mwa iwo ndi ana.
Nkhuthi ndi nyama zanzeru ndipo, mosiyana ndi ziweto zina, sizowopsa. Amatha kudzitchinjiriza ndi ana awo, kuwonetsa nkhanza kwa adani, omwe atha kukhala ochulukirapo kukula kwawo. Nkhumba zazimayi zimatha kuteteza ana m'magulu, kumenya ngakhale gulu la mikango yaikazi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi zina, akalulu amawona ziwopsezo njovu, zipembere ndi mvuu ndipo amatha kuwapha.
Nthawi yawo yonse, ankhandwe amadyera m'chipululu, kufunafuna chakudya. Usiku, nyama zolusa zikayamba kugwira ntchito, mbozi zimapita kumayenje awo, akazi amakonza malo ogulitsira, ena mwa anthuwo sagona ndikuwona ngati pali zolusa m'deralo. Nkhumba zankhumba zimakhala zowopsa makamaka usiku.
Warthogs samatsutsana wina ndi mnzake chifukwa cha malire awo, m'malo mwake, ngakhale amuna amakhala ochezeka kwambiri. Akanyama a m'manja akumana ndipo akukumana, amapaka zipsompane wina ndi mnzake - pamakhala chinsinsi chapadera m'matumbo a infraorbital chomwe chimalola anthu kuti azindikirane.
Mongooses wovulazidwa ali mu ubale wa "mgwirizano" ndi zingwe. Mongoose amatha kukhala kumbuyo kwa nguluwe yamtchire ndikuwona kuchokera pamenepo, ngati kuchokera positimayo, ngati pali zoopsa m'deralo. Akawona chilombo, amasayina zikopa za ankhondo kuti akonzekere kuthawa kapena kudzitchinjiriza. Komanso mongoose amatsuka tiziromboti kumbuyo kwa nguluwe; Mgwirizanowu umachitika chifukwa mongooses amadzimva otetezedwa pafupi ndi nkhandwe.
Chosangalatsa: Mgwirizanowu udaseweredwa mujambula "The Lion King", pomwe m'modzi mwa anthu otchulidwa kwambiri ndi meerkat ndi warthog.
Mwambiri, nkhumba zankhumba sizisonyeza kupsa mtima kosaneneka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakonda kuthawa ndikuukira milandu yapadera. Amakumananso ndi anthu mofunitsitsa; nkhumba zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu zimatha kutenga chakudya m'manja.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nkhumba za khanda
Nyengo yaku Africa imalola kuti nyama ziziberekana mosalekeza, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo. Chifukwa chake, ma warthogs alibe nyengo yokwera. Ngati amuna amayandikira gulu la akazi modekha ndipo ngati mmodzi wa iwo amakonda, zimakhalira. Chizindikiro chachikazi kuti ndiwokonzeka kukwatira mothandizidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsidwa tikakodza. Nthawi zina mkazi amatha kusankha pakati pa amuna awiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti amenye pang'ono.
Nkhondo zotere zimachitika mwachangu komanso mosatayika. Amuna amagundana ndi mphumi zazikulu, ngati nkhosa zamphongo, amatulutsa mkokomo ndi kukankha. Amuna ofooka komanso ocheperako amachotsedwa pankhondo, pambuyo pake wamkazi amakhalabe wopambana. Mano a canine sagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kutalika kwa mimba ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pambuyo pake mkazi amabereka mwana m'modzi, nthawi zambiri nkhumba ziwiri kapena zitatu. Amuna satenga nawo gawo polera ana, makamaka poteteza. Koma mayi amatha kuteteza ana ake mwachangu chimodzimodzi.
Ziphuphu za ana a nkhumba ndi zofewa, zofiira komanso ngati pansi. Amayenderana ndi amayi awo, kumadya mkaka wawo, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri amatha kudya zakudya zokhazokha. Mayi nthawi zambiri amasiyira ana ake pansi, pomwe iwowo amapita kukasaka chakudya ndikubwerera madzulo.
Ana a nkhumba akakhala ndi chaka chimodzi, amakhala okonzeka kukhala paokha. Zazikazi zimatsalira m'gulu la ziweto, pomwe zazimuna zimasokonekera m'magulu ndikumapita kwayokha. Nthiwatiwa sizikhala zaka zoposa 15, ngakhale zili mu ukaidi zimatha kukhala zaka 20.
Adani achilengedwe a mphamba
Chithunzi: African warthog
Nyama zonse zaku Africa zimadyetsa nkhumba zankhumba. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi izi:
- magulu a mikango yaikazi kapena mikango ing'onoing'ono. Amakonda kusankha achichepere kapena ofooka, samalani ndi magulu amphamba athanzi;
- Cheetah amakondanso ana ang'onoang'ono aang'ono;
- kambuku ndi mdani woopsa kwambiri wa mbozi, chifukwa amakwera mwaluso pamitengo ndikudzibisa bwino muudzu;
- afisi amathanso kuwukira gulu la ankhandwe;
- ng'ona zimawadikirira padziwe;
- ziwombankhanga, ziwombankhanga zimanyamula ana obadwa kumene;
- Mvuu ndi zipembere zilinso zowopsa, zomwe zitha kuwononga nkhumba ngati pali ana pafupi ndi izi.
Nguluwe ikaona ngozi, koma pali ana pafupi omwe akuyenera kutetezedwa, amatha kuthamangira kukaukira chipembere kapena njovu. Ngakhale nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zimatha kuchitira nkhanza nyama zolusa: pakhala pali zochitika pamene mwana wankhumbayo anaukira mikango yaying'ono poyankha, zomwe zinasokoneza adaniwo, ndipo anabwerera.
Kumva kwa ankhandwe komanso kununkhiza kumawonjezera mphamvu, koma masomphenya ndi ofowoka. Chifukwa chake, amakonda kukhala moyo wamasana, pomwe samangomva mdani, komanso kumuwona. Pakudyetsa, warthog imatha kugundana ndi mamba yakuda, chifukwa imafa chifukwa choluma. Choopsa chachikulu kwa anang'amba ndi munthu amene amawasaka kuti apeze nyama komanso masewera.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Warthog
Warthogs si nyama zomwe zili pangozi, kuchuluka kwake ndikokwanira. Amakhala bwino pafupi ndi anthu, amakumba maenje pafupi ndi malo okhala, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amawononga mbewu zaulimi ndi minda yonse. Nkhumba za nkhumba zimaonedwa ngati tizirombo.
Amadya mtedza ndi mpunga, amanyamula ntchentche zowopsa ndipo amapikisana ndi ng'ombe, malo odyetserako ziweto. Nthawi zina nkhumba zimapatsira nkhumba zoweta ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, chifukwa ziweto zimawonongeka.
Nyama ya Warthog imasiyana ndi nyama ya nkhumba yowuma, chifukwa chake siyiyamikiridwa pamsika. Amasakidwa makamaka chifukwa cha masewera; Komanso, nkhumba zankhumba zimawomberedwa ngati zikhazikika pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala.
Subpecies of warthogs - The Eritreaan warthog amadziwika kuti ali pachiwopsezo, ngakhale kuchuluka kwake kulibe malire. Kuchuluka kwa nkhumba zimathandizidwanso ndi malo osungira nyama, momwe nkhumba zimakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo zimaswana bwino. Kukula kwakukula kwa mphalapala ndi 39 peresenti.
Nkhumba imakhazikika m'malo azachilengedwe zaku Africa. Ubale wawo ndi mongoose ndi mbalame zambiri zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ndi zomera zovulaza mokhazikika. Nkhumba zimadya monga zilombo zambiri, zina zomwe zimaopsezedwa kuti zitha.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 18.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/25/2019 ku 21:19
