Eel yamagetsi - cholengedwa chowopsa komanso chodabwitsa. Mbali yake yaikulu ndi kuthekera kubereka magetsi, omwe sagwiritsa ntchito kungoyenda kokha, komanso kusaka, komanso kuteteza kwa adani akunja. Zimafanana ndi eel wamba kupezeka kokha kwa thupi lokhalitsa komanso chimbudzi champhamvu, mothandizidwa ndimayendedwe ake. Malinga ndi mtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi, eel yamagetsi ndi yamtundu wapadera wa nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray - nyimbo yonga.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Eel yamagetsi
Popeza makolo akutali a nsomba zamakono analibe mafupa kapena mawonekedwe ena olimba, zotsalira zawo zidawonongedwa mosavuta ndi chilengedwe chomwecho. Mothandizidwa ndi masoka achilengedwe, zotsalazo zidawonongeka, kuwonongeka ndikuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, mbiri ya chiyambi cha mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba ndi lingaliro chabe la asayansi potengera zomwe zapezedwa mwachilengedwe komanso lingaliro lazomwe zamoyo zonse zapadziko lapansi lapansi.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya Cretaceous, gulu la ma cyprinid lidasiyanitsidwa ndi nsomba zakale zonga herring, zomwe zimasankha madzi abwino otentha kukhala malo abwino. Kenako anafalikira kumayiko onse ndikupita kunyanja. Mpaka posachedwa, ma eel amagetsi nawonso anali am'banja la carp, koma mgulu lamasiku ano amapatsidwa mtundu wina wa nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray, zomwe asayansi amatcha "nyimbo yonga".
Kanema: Eel wamagetsi
Kupadera kwa oimira ngati nyimbo ndikuti amapanga magetsi pamagetsi osiyanasiyana komanso zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Eel wamagetsi ndiye yekhayo amene amagwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kumeneku osati pamagetsi okha, komanso pakuwukira ndi chitetezo. Monga abale ake apafupi kwambiri, ili ndi thupi lalitali, lopapatiza ndipo limayenda m'madzi mothandizidwa ndi chimbudzi chachikulu komanso chotukuka kwambiri.
Kuti ipume, eel yamagetsi imafunikira mpweya wam'mlengalenga, chifukwa chake imangoyandama pamwamba kuti ipume. Koma amatha kukhala opanda madzi kwakanthawi, ngati thupi lake limathiriridwa mokwanira.
Eel yamagetsi ndi nyama yodya nyama, ndipo m'malo mwake amakhala mwamphamvu, akumenya ngakhale mdani wamkulu. Pali zochitika zambiri zodziwika za munthu amene akumenyedwa ndi magetsi omwe amatulutsidwa ndi eel. Ngati munthuyo ndi wocheperako, ndiye kuti zovuta zotere sizikhala pachiwopsezo m'moyo wamunthu, koma zimayambitsa kutaya chidziwitso, zosasangalatsa komanso zopweteka. Eel yayikulu yomwe imapanga mphamvu zamakono zamakono imatha kuvulaza munthu, chifukwa chake, kukumana naye ndi kowopsa kwambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba zamagetsi zamagetsi
Maonekedwe a eel wamagetsi nthawi zambiri amafananizidwa ndi njoka. Kufanana kwagona pakapangidwe kakuthupi ka thupi ndi njira yoyenda mozungulira. Thupi la eel lilibe mamba. Ndi yosalala kwathunthu ndikuphimba mamina. Chilengedwe chimapatsa eel yamagetsi kubisala kwachilengedwe ngati mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, womwe ndiwosawonekeratu m'madzi amatope motsutsana ndi matope - m'malo okondedwa a nsombazi.
Chimbudzi champhamvu chomwe chili kumbuyo kwa thupi chimayendetsa kayendedwe ka magetsi. Zipsepse zina ziwiri zazing'onoting'ono zimakhala zolimbitsa thupi. Nsombazo zilibe zipsepse zamkati, zakuthambo, kapena zipsepse. Eel yamagetsi ndi nsomba yayikulu. Thupi lake limakhala pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo munthu wamba amalemera pafupifupi 20 kg. Koma palinso anthu atatu mita yolemera mpaka 40 kg.
Mosiyana ndi anzawo apansi pamadzi, eel amapuma osati mpweya wokha womwe umasungunuka m'madzi, komanso mpweya wamlengalenga. Pachifukwa ichi, amakakamizidwa kutuluka mphindi khumi ndi zisanu zilizonse (kapena kupitilira apo) kumtunda kuti apumenso. Popeza kuti m'kamwa mumakhala mpweya wochuluka (pafupifupi 80%), panthawi ya chisinthiko, nembanemba yodzaza ndi mafuta onunkhira idapangidwa mkamwa kopanda mano. Zomwe 20% zotsalira za mpweya zimaperekedwa ndi ma gill. Eel akadulidwa kuti asafikire mpweya wammlengalenga, amapuma.
Koma gawo lalikulu la nsombazi ndikutulutsa kwa magetsi kwamagetsi osiyanasiyana. Thupi la eel wamagetsi, pali ziwalo zapadera zomwe zimayambitsa magetsi. Kuti mumveke bwino, mutha kulingalira za eel ngati "batire" yamagetsi, yomwe mzati wake uli pamutu pake, mzati wolakwika mumchira.
Mphamvu, mafupipafupi ndi matalikidwe azinthu zomwe zimapangidwa zimasiyana kutengera cholinga chawo:
- kuyenda;
- kulankhulana;
- echolocation;
- Sakani;
- kuukira;
- kusodza;
- chitetezo.
Mphamvu zomwe zilipo pakadali pano - zosakwana 50 V - zimatulutsidwanso kuti zizisaka ndi kuzindikira nyama, pazipita - pafupifupi 300-650 V - panthawi yomwe ziwopsezo zachitika.
Kodi eel wamagetsi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Eel yamagetsi m'madzi
Magetsi amagetsi afalikira kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America, ku Amazon. Amakhala mumtsinje wa Amazon womwewo, mumtsinje wa Orinoco, komanso mumtsinje ndi ng'ombe zawo. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zimakhala m'madzi amatope ndi matope okhala ndi zomera zambiri. Kuphatikiza pa mitsinje ndi mitsinje, amakhalanso m'madambwe. Malo awo onse amakhala ndi mpweya wochepa. Chifukwa chake ziphuphu zakumaso zimalandira monga mphatso yochokera m'chilengedwe kuthekera kotengera mpweya pakamwa pamadzi.
Pofuna kusintha malo okhala ndi matope ndi matope, eel yamagetsi yapanga maluso ena apadera. Kuwoneka kocheperako, mwachitsanzo, kumatheka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochepa. Pochepetsa magawo ndikusaka abwenzi, komanso momwe angayang'anire, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zamagetsi.
Eel yamagetsi imangokhala m'madzi oyera, monganso nyama zake zambiri. "Mbatata yogona" imasintha malo omwe amakhala ngati pali chakudya chokwanira mdera lomwe mwasankha. Komabe, kuwunika kwamachitidwe a nkhwangwa yamagetsi munyengo yokhwima kumawonetsa kuti anthu amatha kuchoka m'malo omwe amakhala, kupita kumalo osafikika nthawi yokwatirana, ndikubwerera ndi ana omwe adakula kale.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe eel yamagetsi imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi eel wamagetsi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Eel yamagetsi
Chakudya chachikulu cha eel yamagetsi chimapangidwa ndi nyama zapakatikati zam'madzi.:
- nsomba;
- amphibiya;
- nkhanu;
- nkhono.
Nthawi zambiri nyama zazing'ono komanso mbalame zimabwera kwa iye kudzadya nkhomaliro. Zinyama zazing'ono sizinyoza tizilombo, ndipo akulu amakonda chakudya chosangalatsa kwambiri.
Ali ndi njala, eel imayamba kusambira, ikutulutsa zikoka zamagetsi zopanda mphamvu zopitilira 50 V, kuyesera kuzindikira kusinthasintha pang'ono kwamafunde komwe kumatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa cholengedwa chamoyo. Kupeza komwe kungakhale nyama, kumawonjezera kwambiri mphamvuyo mpaka 300-600 V, kutengera kukula kwa wovulalayo ndikuiukira ndimagetsi ochepa amfupi. Zotsatira zake, wovulalayo wafooka, ndipo mdimawo umangothana nawo modekha. Amameza nyama yonse, pambuyo pake amakhala kwakanthawi osayenda, kukumba chakudya.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi eel imasinthidwa m'njira yoti imakakamize nyama yolalikayo kuti ichoke pogona. Chinyengo chake ndikuti magetsi amayendetsa ma neuron amtundu wa omwe akukhudzidwa motero amapangitsa mayendedwe osagwira ntchito. Eel yamagetsi ili ndi nkhokwe zonse zamagetsi osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake imagwira bwino ntchitoyi.
Pofuna kudziwa momwe mayendedwe amagetsi amagwirira ntchito, asayansi adasanda nsomba yakufa ndi oyendetsa magetsi kuti apange, ngati nyama yeniyeni, kuwuluka panthawi yotulutsa, ndikupangitsa kuyenda m'madzi. M'mayesero osiyanasiyana a mitundu yotereyi, adawona kuti kuwunika kumatsimikizira kufunikira kwakumenyedwa kwa wolandiridwayo. Eels anaukira nsombayo pokhapokha atakumana ndi magetsi. Mosiyana ndi izi, zoyeserera zowoneka, zamankhwala, kapena zamphamvu, monga kuyenda kwa madzi a nsomba ikuphwanyika, sizinakwaniritse cholinga chawo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Eel yamagetsi mwachilengedwe
Eel yamagetsi ndi cholengedwa chankhanza. Atazindikira kuti ali pangozi, amayamba kumuukira, ngakhale palibe chowopsa chilichonse pamoyo wake. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsidwa ndi iyo imafikira osati pacholinga chokha, komanso kwa zamoyo zonse zomwe zimadzipeza pamavuto amagetsi.
Chikhalidwe ndi zizolowezi za eel yamagetsi zimatsimikizidwanso ndi malo ake. Madzi amatope a mitsinje ndi nyanja amamukakamiza kuti akhale wochenjera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zake zonse zosakira kuti adzipezere chakudya. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, pokhala ndi makina opangira bwino magetsi, eel ili pamalo opindulitsa kwambiri kuposa anthu ena am'madzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Maso a eel wamagetsi ndi ofowoka kwambiri kotero kuti saigwiritsa ntchito, amakonda kuyenda mumlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito masensa amagetsi omwe ali mthupi lonse.
Asayansi akupitilizabe kuphunzira momwe amapangira mphamvu ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsazi. Mphamvu yama watts mazana angapo imapangidwa ndi ma electrocyte masauzande ambiri, maselo amtundu womwe amasunga mphamvu kuchokera pachakudya.
Koma nyamayo amathanso kupanga mafunde ofooka amagetsi, mwachitsanzo, posankha wokwatirana naye. Sizikudziwika ngati eel amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi osagwirizana akakumana ndi mnzake, monganso momwe amasaka nsomba ndi nyama zopanda mafupa m'madzi. Komabe, zimadziwika kuti nyamayo imagwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi osati kungochita ziwalo mwadzidzidzi ndikupha omwe adachitidwa pakusaka. M'malo mwake, amazigwiritsa ntchito dala ndikuziwongolera moyenera kuti athe kuwongolera chandamale chake patali.
Imagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri: mbali imodzi, imapanga ma magetsi osavuta kuti akazonde nyama yake, ipezeni ndikuwerenga mbiri yamagetsi yomwe ikufuna. Mbali inayi, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwambiri ndichida chamtheradi kwa iye.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nsomba zamagetsi zamagetsi
Ma eel amagetsi amafunafuna anzawo okwatirana kudzera pamagetsi. Koma zimangotulutsa zofooka zokha zomwe zimatha kugwidwa ndi mnzake m'madzi ovuta. Nthawi yokwanira nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa Seputembara mpaka Disembala. Amuna kenako amapanga zisa kuchokera kuzomera zam'madzi ndipo zazikazi zimayikira mazira awo. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira pafupifupi 1700 mu clutch.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi yokwatirana, zotuluka mwamphamvu zopangidwa ndi eel sizimapweteketsa mnzake. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ali ndi kuthekera kotsegula ndi kuzimitsa chitetezo kuti chisasokonezeke ndi magetsi.
Onsewa amateteza chisa chawo ndi mazira, ndipo pambuyo pake - mphutsi, nthawi zina zimafika masentimita khumi kale panthawi yomwe amaswa. Khungu la mwachangu limakhala lobiriwira mopepuka, lopatukana, lokhala ndi milozo ya mabulo. Omwe mwachangu omwe ali ndi mwayi wokwanira kuthyola kaye amadya mazira otsalawo. Chifukwa chake, osapitirira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mwachangu samapulumuka ndi gulu la mazira 1,700, mazira otsalawo amakhala chakudya choyamba cha anzawo.
Zinyama zazing'ono zimadyetsa makamaka nyama zopanda mafupa, zomwe zimapezeka pansi. Mbalame zazikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimakonda kudya nsomba, kuzizindikira ndi magetsi ofooka komanso kufooketsa nyamayo ndi magetsi mwamphamvu musanameze. Patapita nthawi atabadwa, mphutsi za eel zimatha kupanga magetsi ochepa. Ndipo achinyamata amayamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndikuyesa koyamba kusaka ali ndi zaka zingapo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mukatenga mwachangu, womwe uli ndi masiku ochepa chabe, mutha kumva kulira kwamphamvu kuchokera kumagetsi.
Adani achilengedwe a eel wamagetsi
Chithunzi: Eel yamagetsi
Eel yamagetsi imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira pachiwopsezo kotero kuti ilibe adani achilengedwe m'malo mwake. Pali milandu ingapo yodziwika yokha yolimbana ndi ng'ona zamagetsi ndi ng'ona ndi ma caimans. Zowononga izi sizisamala kudya nkhwangwa, koma ziyenera kuwerengera ndi kuthekera kwake kwapadera kotulutsa magetsi amphamvu. Ngakhale ali ndi khungu lakuthwa komanso lakuthwa la ng'ona, amatha kuvulaza ngakhale chokwawa chachikulu.
Chifukwa chake, nyama zambiri zapansi pamadzi komanso zapadziko lapansi zimakonda kukhala kutali momwe zingathere kuchokera kumadera omwe ma eel amagetsi amakhala ndikupewa kukumana nawo mwangozi. Zotsatira za kugwedezeka kwamagetsi kotuluka ndi eel ndizosasangalatsa kwenikweni - kuchokera pakufa ziwalo kwakanthawi komanso kupwetekedwa kowawa mpaka kufa. Mphamvu yowonongeka mwachindunji imadalira mphamvu yotulutsa magetsi.
Popeza izi, zitha kuganiziridwa kuti mdani wamkulu wachilengedwe wa eel wamagetsi anali ndipo amakhalabe munthu. Ngakhale nyama ya oimira nyama zam'nyanjayi sitinganene kuti ndi yabwino, kukula kwake kumakhala kwakukulu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kusaka eel wamagetsi ndi bizinesi yovuta kwambiri komanso yowopsa kwambiri, koma asodzi ndi opha nyama mosavomerezeka apeza njira yoyambirira yosodza anthu ambiri. M'malo modzikundikira magetsi amadzi osaya, amayendetsa gulu laling'ono la ziweto zazikulu - ng'ombe kapena akavalo. Nyama izi zimalolera kugwedezeka kwamagetsi kwa eel m'malo modekha. Ng'ombe zikasiya kuthamanga m'madzi ndikukhazikika, zikutanthauza kuti nkhwangwa zatha. Sangathe kupanga magetsi, zikhumbo zawo pang'onopang'ono zimafooka, ndipo pamapeto pake, zimayimiratu. Pakadali pano agwidwa, osawopa kuti awonongeka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nsomba zamagetsi zamagetsi
Ndi dera lalikulu chonchi, ndizovuta kuweruza kukula kwenikweni kwa eel yamagetsi. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi bungwe la IUCN World Conservation Union, zamoyozi sizikupezekanso m'malo omwe atha.
Ngakhale kuti eel yamagetsi ilibe adani achilengedwe ndipo alibe pachiwopsezo chotha, zinthu zingapo zosokoneza anthu m'chilengedwe chake zimawonetsera mitundu iyi kuopseza kwakukulu. Kusodza mopitirira muyeso kumapangitsa kuti nsomba zizikhala pachiwopsezo. Makamaka mukawona kuti zachilengedwe zam'madzi otentha ku South America zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusokonezedwa pang'ono ndipo zitha kuwonongedwa ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono.
Matupi am'madzi ndi okhalamo awo ali ndi poyizoni wa mercury, yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalamulirika ndi omwe amagwira golide kuti alekanitse golide ndi zitsime za mumtsinje. Zotsatira zake, eel wamagetsi, monga wodya nyama pamwamba pa unyolo, amakhala pachiwopsezo cha poyizoni. Komanso, ntchito zamadamu zimakhudza malo okhala magetsi mwa kusintha kwambiri madzi.
Ntchito za WWF ndi TRAFFIC zoteteza zomera ndi zinyama za Amazon Chitetezo cha malo okhala nyama ndi zomera zonse zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ku Amazon ndichofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, WWF yakhazikitsa cholinga pazaka khumi zikubwerazi kuti zitsimikizire kuti pali zachilengedwe zambiri zaku Pacific ya ku Brazil kudzera m'malo ambiri otetezedwa.
Kuti izi zitheke, WWF ikugwira ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana kuti ipulumutse nkhalango yamvula ya Amazon. Monga gawo la WWF, boma la Brazil lidalonjeza mu 1998 kuteteza magawo khumi a nkhalango yamvula ku Amazon ku Brazil ndikupanga imodzi mwamapulogalamu oteteza kwambiri padziko lapansi, Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA). Kukhazikitsa pulogalamuyi ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa WWF. Ponseponse, pulogalamuyi iyenera kuwonetsetsa chitetezo chokhazikika ndi chokwanira cha mahekitala 50 miliyoni (pafupifupi Spain) nkhalango zamvula ndi matupi amadzi.
Eel yamagetsi - chilengedwe chapadera. Ndizowopsa osati kwa oimira nyama zokha, komanso kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake pali anthu ambiri ovulala kuposa chifukwa cha ma piranhas odziwika. Ili ndi njira yodzitetezera yoopsa kotero kuti ngakhale kuyiphunzira pazinthu zasayansi ndizovuta kwambiri. Komabe, asayansi akupitirizabe kuona moyo wa nsomba zodabwitsa zimenezi. Chifukwa chodziwa zambiri, anthu aphunzira kusunga mdani woopsayu mndende. Ndipo pakakhala moyo wabwino komanso chakudya chokwanira, eel wamagetsi amakhala wokonzeka kuyanjana ndi munthu, ngati iye sawonetsa nkhanza kapena ulemu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/14/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 18:26
