Chifukwa chakumwa kwa okosijeni ndi zamoyo zonse, kuchuluka kwa gasi koteroko kumachepa mosalekeza, chifukwa chake nkhokwe za oxygen zimayenera kudzazidwanso pafupipafupi. Ndi cholinga ichi chomwe mpweya umathandizira. Imeneyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yopangira zinthu zamoyo pamene mpweya ndi dziko lapansi zimasinthanitsa ozoni. Momwe kuzungulira kotere kumayendera, tikuganiza kuti tipeze m'nkhaniyi.
Lingaliro lazungulira
Pakati pa mlengalenga, lithosphere, zinthu zapadziko lapansi ndi hydrosphere, pali kusinthana kwa mitundu yonse yazinthu zamankhwala. Kusinthanaku kumachitika mosalekeza, kumayenda pang'onopang'ono. M'mbiri yonse yakukhalapo kwa dziko lapansi, kulumikizana kotereku kwakhala kukuchitika kosalekeza ndipo kwakhala kukuchitika kwa zaka biliyoni 4.5.
Lingaliro loyenda limamveka bwino tikamanena za sayansi ngati sayansi yamagetsi. Sayansi iyi imalongosola kulumikizana uku ndi malamulo anayi ofunikira, omwe adayesedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi zoyeserera kangapo:
- kupitiriza kugawa zinthu zonse zamankhwala m'zipolopolo zapadziko lapansi;
- kuyenda kosalekeza munthawi yazinthu zonse;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu;
- kuwongolera zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwazikana, mopitilira zigawo limodzi.
Zoyenda zotere zimayenderana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe komanso zochita za anthu. Zinthu zamagulu zimalumikizana ndi zopanga ndikupanga kayendedwe kazinthu zamankhwala kotchedwa cycle.
Mpweya wa oxygen m'chilengedwe
Mbiri yakupezeka kwa ozoni
Mpaka pa Ogasiti 1, 1774, anthu samadziwa zakupezeka kwa mpweya. Tiyenera kudziwa izi kwa wasayansi Joseph Priestley, yemwe adazipeza powola mercury oxide mumtsuko wosindikizidwa ndi hermetically, ndikungoyang'ana kuwala kwa dzuwa kudzera mu mandala akulu a mercury.
Wasayansi uyu samamvetsetsa bwino ndalama zake mu sayansi yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo amakhulupirira kuti sanapeze chinthu chatsopano chophweka, koma chigawo chokha cha mpweya, chomwe amachitcha monyadira - mpweya wopanda tanthauzo.
Wasayansi waku France wodziwika, a Carl Lavoisier, adathetsa kupezeka kwa mpweya, potengera zomwe a Priestley adachita: adachita zoyeserera zingapo ndikuwonetsa kuti mpweya ndi chinthu chosiyana. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa gasi uku ndi kwa asayansi awiri nthawi imodzi - Priestley ndi Lavoisier.
Mpweya monga chinthu
Oxygen (oxygenium) - wotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku njira zachi Greek - "kubala asidi". Ku Greece wakale, ma oxide onse amatchedwa acid. Mpweya wapaderawu ndi womwe umafunidwa kwambiri m'chilengedwe ndipo umapanga 47% ya uthunthu wonse wapadziko lapansi, umasungidwa mkatikati mwa dziko lapansi komanso m'mlengalenga, m'nyanja, m'nyanja, ndipo umaphatikizidwa ngati gawo limodzi lazinthu zopitilira chikwi chimodzi ndi theka zamkati mwa dziko lapansi.
Kusinthana kwa oxygen
Kuzungulira kwa ozoni ndikulumikizana kwamphamvu kwazinthu zachilengedwe, zamoyo, komanso gawo lawo lalikulu pantchitoyi. Kuzungulira kwamankhwala am'madzi ndi njira yofananira ndi mapulaneti, imagwirizanitsa zinthu zakumlengalenga ndi dziko lapansi ndipo zimayendetsedwa motere:
- Kutulutsa kwa ozoni waulere kuchokera ku zomera panthawi ya photosynthesis, imabadwa muzomera zobiriwira;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopangidwa, womwe cholinga chake ndikuteteza kupuma kwa zamoyo zonse zopuma, komanso makutidwe ndi okosijeni azinthu zachilengedwe ndi zochita kupanga;
- zinthu zina zosinthidwa ndimankhwala, zomwe zimayambitsa kupangika kwa zinthu zopangira ma oxidizing monga madzi ndi organogen dioxide, komanso kukopa mobwerezabwereza kwa zinthu ku gawo lotsatira la photosynthetic.
Kuphatikiza pakuzungulira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha photosynthesis, ozone imatulutsidwanso m'madzi: kuchokera pamwamba pa madzi, nyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja, mvula ndi mphepo ina. Mpweya m'madzi umasanduka nthunzi, umasungunuka ndi kutuluka. Oxygen amapangidwanso ndi nyengo yamiyala monga miyala yamiyala.
Photosynthesis ngati lingaliro
Photosynthesis nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti kutulutsa mpweya wa ozoni potulutsa mankhwala ochokera kumadzi ndi kaboni dayokisaidi. Kuti ntchito ya photosynthesis ichitike, zinthu zofunika izi ndizofunika: madzi, kuwala, kutentha, carbon dioxide ndi ma chloroplast - plastids chomera chomwe chili ndi chlorophyll.
Kudzera mu photosynthesis, mpweya womwe umatuluka umakwera m'mipweya yam'mlengalenga ndikupanga ozone wosanjikiza. Chifukwa cha mpira wa ozoni, womwe umateteza padziko lapansi ku radiation ya ultraviolet, moyo udabadwa pamtunda: okhalamo nyanja adatha kupita kumtunda ndikukakhazikika padziko lapansi. Popanda mpweya, zamoyo padzikoli zidzatha.
Zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi mpweya
- Oxygen imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera zazitsulo, kudula kwamagetsi ndi kuwotcherera, popanda izo njira yopezera chitsulo chabwino sichikadachitika.
- Oxygen yokhazikika m'miyala imakupatsani mwayi wofufuza zakuya za nyanja ndi malo akunja.
- Mtengo umodzi wokhawo umatha kupereka mpweya kwa anthu atatu kwa chaka.
- Chifukwa chakukula kwamakampani komanso zamagalimoto, zomwe zili mumlengalenga zatsika ndi theka.
- Mu nkhawa, anthu amadya mpweya wochulukirapo kangapo kuposa kukhala mwamtendere, modekha.
- Kutalika kwa nthaka pamwamba pa nyanja, kutsika kwa mpweya ndi zomwe zili mumlengalenga, chifukwa cha izi ndizovuta kupuma m'mapiri, kuchokera pachizolowezi, munthu amatha kumva njala ya oxygen, chikomokere ngakhale kufa.
- Ma Dinosaurs adatha kukhala ndi moyo chifukwa choti ozoni wakale wakale amapitilira katatu pano, tsopano magazi awo sangakhale okhutitsidwa ndi mpweya wabwino.
