Capelin amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Kungakhale kovuta kupeza munthu yemwe sanamuwoneko kamodzi pamashelefu m'masitolo ozizira kapena amchere. Zakudya zambiri zokoma komanso zakudya zimatha kukonzedwa kuchokera ku nsombayi. Nthawi yomweyo, kupatula kuti capelin ndiwokoma komanso wathanzi, ilinso ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yodabwitsa. Kupatula apo, izi pakuwona koyamba, nsomba wamba ngati imeneyi, imatha kukhala ndi chidwi osati kokha ndi zophikira.
Kufotokozera kwa capelin
Capelin ndi nsomba yapakatikati ya banja la ma smelt, yomwe, yomwe ndi ya kalasi yopangidwa ndi ray. nsomba. Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu la Chifinishi "maiva", pafupifupi lomasuliridwa kuti "nsomba zazing'ono" motero, kuwonetsa kukula kwake.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Capelin sangatchulidwe wamkulu: kutalika kwa thupi lake kumakhala masentimita 15 mpaka 25 m'litali, ndipo kulemera kwake sikungadutse magalamu 50. Kuphatikiza apo, kulemera kwamwamuna ndi kukula kwake kumatha kukula kuposa kwa akazi.
Thupi lake limakhala lophwatalala pang'ono mbali ndi kutambasula.Mutu wake ndi wocheperako, koma pakamwa pake pamang'amba kwambiri. Mafupa a maxillary amtunduwu amafika pakati pamaso. Mano a nsombazi ndi apakatikati, koma nthawi yomweyo alipo ambiri, komanso, ndi akuthwa kwambiri komanso otukuka mokwanira.
Masikelo ndi ochepa kwambiri, sangaoneke. Zipsepse zakumbuyo zimakankhidwa mmbuyo ndipo zimakhala ngati zooneka ngati daimondi. Zipsepse za pectoral, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zofupikitsidwa pang'ono kumtunda komanso kuzungulira kumapeto kwa kansalu, zili mwa oimira mitundu iyi pafupi ndi mutu, m'mbali mwake.
Chikhalidwe cha nsombayi ndi zipsepse zake, ngati kuti zidulidwa ndi malire akuda, chifukwa chake amatha "kuwerengedwa" mosavuta pakati pa nsomba zonsezo.
Mtundu waukulu wa capelin ndi silvery. Nthawi yomweyo, nsana wake udapaka utoto wobiriwira, ndipo mimba yake ndi yoyera kwambiri yopanda utoto wokhala ndi timadontho tating'onoting'ono tofiirira.
Mapiko a caudal ndi ochepa, opingasa pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwake. Poterepa, notch kumapeto kwa oimira mitundu iyi imapanga ngodya yolondola, ngati mungayang'ane pang'ono kuchokera kumbali.
Kusiyana kwakugonana kwa capelin kumawonetsedwa bwino. Amuna ndi okulirapo, kuwonjezera, zipsepse zawo ndizotalikirapo, ndipo zotumphukira zawo ndizolimba pang'ono kuposa zazimayi. Asanabadwe, amakhala ndi masikelo apadera omwe amawoneka ngati tsitsi ndikupanga mtundu wina wamiyendo pambali pamimba. Mwachiwonekere, amuna amtundu wa capelin amafunikira mamba awa kuti azilumikizana kwambiri ndi akazi nthawi yakuswana.
Ndi chifukwa cha mamba onga aminga, okhala mbali zonse za amuna amtunduwu, kuti capelin amatchedwa wopembedza ku France.
Moyo wa Capelin
Capelin ndi nsomba yophunzirira m'madzi yomwe imakhala kumtunda kwamadzi ozizira ozizira. Nthawi zambiri, amayesetsa kumamatira mpaka kuya kwa mita 300 mpaka 700. Komabe, m'nyengo yobereka, imatha kufikira gombe ndipo nthawi zina imasambira ndikupindika m'mitsinje.
Oimira amtunduwu amakhala nthawi yayitali munyanja, ndikupangitsa kuti nyengo yayitali isamuke nthawi yotentha ndi yophukira kufunafuna chakudya chochuluka. Mwachitsanzo, capelin wokhala mu Nyanja ya Barents komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Iceland amasamukira nyengo zina kawiri: m'nyengo yozizira komanso masika, amapita kugombe la kumpoto kwa Norway ndi Kola Peninsula kuti akaikire mazira. M'chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, nsomba iyi imasamukira kumadera akumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwambiri kufunafuna chakudya. Chiwerengero cha anthu aku Iceland cha capelin chimasunthira kufupi ndi gombe masika, komwe chimabala, ndipo nthawi yotentha chimasunthira kudera lokhala ndi plankton lomwe lili pakati pa Iceland, Greenland ndi Jan Mayen Island, lomwe lili ku Norway, koma lili pafupifupi 1000 km kumadzulo kwake.
Kusuntha kwa capelin kwakanthawi kumalumikizidwa ndi mafunde am'nyanja: nsomba zimatsata komwe zimasunthira komanso komwe zimanyamula plankton, zomwe capelin amadyera.
Kodi capelin amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nthawi yomwe nsomba yaying'ono imakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 10, koma nthumwi zambiri zamtunduwu zimamwalira kale pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Atlantic capelin amakhala m'madzi a Arctic ndi Atlantic. Amapezeka mumtsinje wa Davis, komanso pagombe la Labrador Peninsula. Amakhalanso m'mitsinje ya Norway, pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Greenland, m'nyanja za Chukchi, White, ndi Kartsev. Zimapezeka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Barents ndi Nyanja ya Laptev.
Chiwerengero cha Pacific cha nsomba iyi chimakhala m'madzi a North Pacific Ocean, gawo lomwe amagawa kumwera limangokhala pachilumba cha Vancouver ndi m'mphepete mwa Korea. Masukulu akulu a nsombazi amapezeka m'nyanja za Okhotsk, Japan ndi Bering. Pacific capelin imakonda kubala pafupi ndi magombe a Alaska ndi Briteni.
Capelin amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi yoyamba kuswana imasonkhana m'masukulu akulu kuti onse athetse ntchito yovuta komanso yowopsa m'malo omwe nsombazi zimakonda kubalalitsa.
Zakudya za Capelin
Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, capelin ndi nyama yodya nyama yogwira ntchito, yomwe imadziwika bwino ndi mano ake ochepa koma akuthwa. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimapangidwa ndi nsomba zam'madzi, zooplankton, ndi mphutsi za shrimp. Amadyetsanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi nyongolotsi zam'madzi. Popeza nsombazi zimayenda kwambiri, zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti zibwezeretse zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito posamukira kapena kufunafuna chakudya. Ndicho chifukwa chake capelin, mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zambiri, samasiya kudyetsa ngakhale nyengo yozizira.
Popeza nsombazi zimadya tizinyama ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'gulu la plankton, ndi mtundu wina womwe umapikisana ndi hering'i ndi nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimadyanso potengera plankton.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yopangira capelin zimatengera dera lomwe amakhala. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zomwe zimakhala kumadzulo kwa Atlantic ndi Pacific Ocean, nthawi yoswana imayamba masika ndikupitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kwa nsomba zomwe zimakhala kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, nthawi yopuma imapitilira nthawi yophukira. Koma capelin wokhala m'madzi akum'mawa kwa Pacific Ocean amayenera kuchulukana nthawi yogwa, chifukwa chake imafunikira kukhala ndi nthawi osati kungoikira mazira nyengo yozizira isanayambike, komanso kuti ikule ana. Komabe, kunena kuti "kukula" ndikulakwa pang'ono. Capelin samawonetsa chidwi chilichonse pa ana ake ndipo, atasesa pang'ono mazirawo, amabwerera panjira, mwina, ngakhale kuganiza, atayiwala za mazira omwe adaikira.
Asanabadwe, masukulu ang'onoang'ono a nsombazi amayamba kusonkhana m'masukulu akulu, momwe kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kufikira anthu mamiliyoni angapo. Kupitilira apo, kusamukira kumayamba kumalo komwe, nthawi zambiri, nthumwi zamtunduwu zimaswana. Kuphatikiza apo, a capelin atapita ulendo wautali ndi nyama zomwe zimapanga maziko a chakudya. Zina mwa izo ndi zisindikizo, gulls, cod. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa "kuphatikizira" kwa capelin, mutha kupezanso anamgumi, omwe nawonso samadana ndikudya chakudya chochepa kwambiri.
Zimachitika kuti nthawi yamvula yoyipa, mafunde akuyenda panyanja amaponyera nsomba masauzande pagombe, ndikupita kukasambira, kotero kuti makilomita ambiri amphepete mwa nyanja ali ndi capelin. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatha kuwonedwa ku Far East komanso pagombe la Canada.
Capelin amabala m'mbali mwamchenga. Ndipo, monga lamulo, amasankha kuzichita mwakuya. Chofunikira kwambiri pakubala bwino komanso kuti mazira omwe amayikidwa ndi wamkazi ayamba kukula bwino ndikuti madzi amakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, ndipo kutentha kwake ndi madigiri 3-2.
Zosangalatsa! Kuti dzira likhale lopambana, mayi wamkazi wotchedwa capelin samasowa mmodzi, koma amuna awiri, omwe amatsagana naye kupita kumalo opangira ziweto, amakhala nthawi yomweyo mbali zonse za wosankhidwa.
Atafika pamalowo, amuna onse amakumba timabowo ting'onoting'ono mumchenga ndi michira yawo, pomwe wamkazi amaikira mazira, omwe amakhala omata kwambiri mpaka nthawi yomweyo amatsamira pansi. Makulidwe awo ndi 0,5-1.2 mm, ndipo nambala, kutengera momwe zinthu zilili, imatha kuyambira 6 mpaka 36.5 zikwi. Nthawi zambiri mazira mu clutch imodzi amakhala 1.5 - 12,000.
Akaswana, nsomba zazikulu zimabwerera kumalo awo. Koma owerengeka okha ndi omwe adzapite kukabala zina.
Mphutsi za Capelin zimaswa patatha masiku 28 mazira atayikidwa. Ndi zazing'ono komanso zopepuka kotero kuti nthawi yomweyo mafunde amawakokera kunyanja. Kumeneko amakula mpaka kukula kapena kufa, akumagwidwa ndi zilombo zambiri.
Amayi amakula msinkhu wotsatira chaka chamawa, koma amuna amatha kubereka ali ndi zaka 14-15.
Adani achilengedwe
Nsombazi zili ndi adani ambiri m'nyanja. Capelin ndi gawo lofunikira pakudya kwa nyama zambiri zam'madzi monga cod, mackerel ndi squid. Osadandaula kudya capelin ndi zisindikizo, anamgumi, anamgumi akupha ndi mbalame zodya nyama.
Kuchuluka kwa capelin m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndichofunikira kuti pakhale malo ambiri obisalira mbalame pa Kola Peninsula.
Mtengo wamalonda
Capelin wakhala akusodza kwanthawi yayitali ndipo wakhala akugwidwa m'malo ake ambiri. Komabe, kuyambira chapakatikati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, kukula kwa nsomba zimenezi kwafika pamlingo waukulu zedi. Atsogoleri omwe amapezeka ku capelin pakadali pano ndi Norway, Russia, Iceland ndi Canada.
Mu 2012, kugwidwa kwa capelin kunaposa matani 1 miliyoni. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, makamaka nsomba zazing'ono za zaka 1-3 zimagwidwa, zomwe kutalika kwake kumayambira 11 mpaka 19 cm.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ngakhale capelin si mtundu wotetezedwa, mayiko ambiri akuyesetsa kuti achulukitse. Makamaka, kuyambira ma 1980, mayiko ambiri akhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa nsomba izi. Pakadali pano, capelin ilibe mwayi wosamalira, popeza kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu ndipo nkovuta ngakhale kungoyerekeza kuchuluka kwa ziweto zake zazikulu.
Capelin sikuti ndi yofunika kwambiri pamalonda, komanso ndichofunikira pakuthandizira kukhala ndi moyo wamitundu yambiri yazinyama, maziko ake azakudya zomwe zili. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa nsombazi ndikokwera nthawi zonse, koma kuchuluka kwake kwakusaka kwake, komanso kufa kwakanthawi kwa capelin posamuka, zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu amtunduwu. Kuphatikiza apo, monga zamoyo zina zam'madzi, capelin amadalira kwambiri zikhalidwe za malo ake, omwe samakhudza moyo wamasamba okha, komanso kuchuluka kwa ana. Chiwerengero cha anthu mwa nsombazi chimasiyana mosiyanasiyana chaka ndi chaka, chifukwa chake, kuti tiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa anthu a capelin, zoyesayesa za anthu zikuyenera kukhala ndi cholinga chokhazikitsira komanso kubereka.
