Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a lamba
Mgwirizano (Latin Cordylidae) ndi banja la zokwawa zamtundu wa abuluzi, osati mitundu yambiri. Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi awiri, kutengera mtundu wa omwe amadziwika lamba zometa zomangira lamba ndi kukula. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa thupi la zokwawa kumakhala masentimita 10 mpaka 40.
Mwa mitundu yonse, ndizotheka kugawa zonse malamba-michira mitundu iwiri:
- michira yomwe ilibe kapena ilibe miyendo yaying'ono kwambiri ngati mawonekedwe, mitundu yayikulu ya zokwawa zotere ndi Chamaesaura;
— lamba weniweni michira - mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu yomwe ili ndi miyendo inayi yazing'ono zisanu.
Mtundu woyamba umaimiridwa ndi ziweto zochepa; ali ndi thupi lokhalitsa ndi njoka. Mchira nthawi zambiri umakhala wosweka ndipo ukakhala pangozi buluzi nthawi zambiri amautaya. Oimira amtundu wachiwiri ndiosiyana kwambiri. Mwa izi, zingapo mwazofunikira kwambiri zimadziwika, monga:
— lamba wamng'ono (Cordylus cataphractus);
— Lamba wamba (Cordylus cordylus);
— mchira waukulu wa lamba (Smaug giganteus);
Kapangidwe ka thupi la mitundu yonseyi ndi kofanana kwambiri ndipo kamasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika Lamba waku East Africa, lomwe ndi laling'ono, silidutsa masentimita 20, pomwe chimanga chachikulu chimafika masentimita 40. Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi mphasa zinayi zazifupi koma zamphamvu, zomwe zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba zala.
Michira ya lamba imatha kutaya mchira wawo ngati abulu wamba
Thupi la michira yeniyeni limakutidwa ndi masikelo akulu, kumbuyo kwake ndilolimba ndipo limapanga mtundu wa chipolopolo choteteza, pamimba silinakule bwino ndipo limapereka malo osatetezeka.
Chakumapeto kwa mchira, mamba adakonzedwa mozungulira mozungulira thupi ndikupanga malamba amtundu womwe umathera paminga yachilendo, ndichifukwa cha kapangidwe kamtunduwu pomwe banja lankhandali limatchedwa lamba-michira. Kunja kumawoneka ngati mchira wa lamba ngati chinjoka chaching'ono ku nthano, choncho amakopa chidwi cha anthu ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Mosiyana ndi abuluzi ena onse, zokwawa izi zimakhala m'magulu akulu, pafupifupi 50-70. M'mabanja oterewa, pali akazi awiri kapena atatu amwamuna aliyense. Amuna amateteza gawo la gululi ku abuluzi ena ndi nyama zina zing'onozing'ono.
Mtundu wa malamba awa ndiwosiyanasiyana ndipo umadalira kwambiri malo okhalamo, koma makamaka ndi bulauni, wobiriwira-wachikasu komanso wamchenga, ngakhale pali mitundu yofiira, golide komanso mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Malamba ndi osaka mwapadera ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wa mano opangira ma pleurodont, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mano akale kapena osweka akagwa m'malo mwawo kapena atsopano amakula pafupi.
Malo okhala mchira
Lamba wa nyama imakonda kukhala munyengo youma, kotero idagawidwa ku Africa komanso pachilumba cha Madagascar. Malo ake okhala ndi miyala komanso mchenga.
Mitundu ina, yochepa, imakhala m'malo opanda msipu ndipo imakwera kwambiri m'dera lamapiri. Ma Belt-michira amakhala masana ndipo amakhala otanganidwa kwa maola 12-14 pokhapokha masana. Usiku, amapuma m'malo awo okhala ngati mipanda, maenje komanso miyala.
Kuti adziteteze ku ngozi, nyamazi zili ndi njira zosangalatsa: michira yaying'ono imakulungidwa mu mphete ndikuluma mchira wawo ndi nsagwada mwamphamvu kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuimitsa, potero imapanga mphete yazitsulo, ndi kuteteza malo awo osatetezeka - m'mimba, wamba komanso chimphona amabisala pakati pamiyala ndi m'ming'alu, momwe amatupa mpaka kukula kwakukulu kotero kuti chilombocho sichingachikokere pamenepo.
Kuti mumvetse molondola momwe chokwawa chimapindika kukhala mphete, mutha kuyang'ana chithunzi cha mchira wa lamba.
Pangozi, lamba-mchira amapotozedwa mu mphete, kudziteteza ndi zisonga
Simachira onse a lamba omwe amatha kukhalapo mu ukapolo. Anthu ena okha amitundu ina, kuphatikiza michira yaying'ono, omwe amabwereketsa zoweta ndipo amatha kukhala kumalo osungira nyama komanso kunyumba. Banja la abuluzi ili loopa anthu ndipo, ngati akufuna kulitenga m'manja, michira ya lamba nthawi zonse imathawa ndikubisala.
Lamba mchira zakudya
Mitsinje yambiri imadya zomera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mitundu ina, makamaka izi michira yayikulu ya lamba, idyani nyama zing'onozing'ono ndi abuluzi.
Khungu la zokwawa izi zimayamwa bwino ndikusungunuka chinyezi, chifukwa zimatha kukhala opanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yowuma kwambiri, zokwawa izi zimatha kubisala, potero zimakumana ndi nthawi yovuta.
Lamba mchira kunyumba samangokhalira kudya ndikumdyetsa ndi tizilombo timeneti, njoka zam'mimba, crickets ndi ziwala. Abuluzi akulu nthawi zina amatha kuponyedwa ndi mbewa. Nyama izi zimayenera kudyetsedwa osapitirira 2-3 pa sabata, kutengera mawonekedwe abuluzi ndi kukula kwake. Madzi omwe amatha kumwa mowa ayenera kukhala osasintha.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa lamba-mchira
Malamba ndi zokwawa zodabwitsa, pakati pa mitundu yawo pali nyama za ovoviviparous, oviparous ndi viviparous. Amuna amakula msinkhu akafika zaka zitatu. Hamesaur ndi mitundu ya ovoviviparous. Kamodzi pachaka, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mkazi amabereka ana 4-5 mpaka 15 sentimita m'litali.
Ma lamba ang'onoang'ono amakhala a viviparous, akazi amakhala okonzeka kutenga pakati kamodzi pachaka ndikubereka ana osapitilira awiri m'dzinja. Pambuyo pobadwa, anawo amatha kutsogolera njira yodziyimira payokha yodyetsa komanso kukhala ndi moyo, koma, mosiyana ndi abuluzi ena, mu ana okhala ndi mchira kwanthawi yayitali amakhala pafupi ndi wamkazi.
Pafupifupi mwana atangobadwa, mkaziyo amakhala wokonzeka kutenga pakati. Zokwawa zimakhala pachifuwa cha chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka zaka 25. Michira lamba M'banja khalani zaka 5-7.
Lamba mchira mtengo
Gulani Belt Mchira Zovuta kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wake udzawopseza ambiri nthawi yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa lamba wa mchira wa munthu m'modzi umayambira pa 2-2.5 zikwi za Euro, zomwe malinga ndi ma ruble aku Russia zimapita ku 120-170 zikwi. Sikuti aliyense amafuna kupatula ndalama zamtunduwu kuti ziweto ziweto zitheke.
Mikanda ya m'Galimoto yalembedwa mu Red Book, chifukwa chake sikuloledwa kukhala ndi chiweto chotere kunyumba
Mwazina, kugwira michira ya lamba sikololedwa kwathunthu, chifukwa amatetezedwa pamalamulo - boma la Republic of South Africa lidayilowetsa mu Red Book.
M'malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, michira ya lamba imatetezedwa ngati "Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora." Koma, mwanjira ina kapena ina, amagwidwa ndikugulitsidwa.
Lamba mchira mtengo zimadalira kwambiri ngati kugonana kwa reptile kumatsimikizika, chifukwa izi ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo kwa iwo omwe akuchita kubereka ndi kuswana abuluzi, chinthuchi chili ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri.
Palibe kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mumchira wa lamba, nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi, omalizirawo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amutu wamakona atatu owoneka bwino ndikutsimikiza kolondola kwa kugonana kwa reptile kumatheka pokhapokha mkazi atabereka mwana wamwamuna wakale.
Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wa chokwawa chomwe, munthu sayenera kuiwala za zida zomwe zimafunikira kuti buluzi asungidwe. Malo ofunikira kwambiri amafunikira michira ya lamba, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya abuluzi. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi nyali yotentha mu terrarium, chifukwa zokwawa izi zimakonda kukhala m'kuunika ndi pansi pa dzuwa.
