Ambiri amvapo za kambalame kakang'ono ngati wamba oriole, koma lingaliro la mawonekedwe ake silimveka bwino. Chithunzi cha oriole wamba ndichowoneka bwino kwambiri, chowala komanso cholemera, ndipo ma roulades omwe amachitidwa naye amangopatsa chidwi komanso kutonthoza. Tidzamvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane moyo wa mbalame zodabwitsa izi, osangotengera mawonekedwe akunja, koma mawonekedwe, zizolowezi ndi malo omwe amakonda.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Common Oriole
Oriole wamba - mbalame yanyimbo yaying'ono yapakati ya banja lofananira ndi dzina loti oriole, dongosolo la opita ndi mtundu wa oriole. Oriole imadziwika ndi nthenga zowutsa mudyo komanso zowala. Ndiye yekhayo woyimira banja lake lalikulu yemwe wasankha kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi nyengo yotentha.
Kanema: Common Oriole
Ponena za komwe dzina la mbalameyi lidachokera, pali mtundu wina wokhudzana ndi dzina la sayansi la mbalameyo ndi mtundu wina wokhudzana ndi dzina lachi Russia la mbalameyo. M'Chilatini, mbalameyi idalandira dzina la Oriolus, lomwe limachokera ku mawu oti "aureolus", omwe amamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "golide", mwachiwonekere, dzina la sayansi la mbalameyi limadziwika ndi mtundu wa nthenga zake. Ponena za dzina lachi Russia "Oriole", pali malingaliro kuti amachokera ku mawu oti "chinyezi" ndi "vologa". A Slavs anali ndi chikhulupiriro kuti mawonekedwe am'mawawo amachokera chifukwa nyengo imasintha kukhala mvula.
Pakati pa akatswiri azakuthambo, pali malingaliro achikhalidwe kuti abale apafupi kwambiri am'banja la oriole ndi awa:
- corvids;
- chakumwa;
- timapepala;
- nyenyezi.
Makulidwe a oriole amapitilira pang'ono kukula kwa nyenyezi, kutalika kwa thupi la nthenga kuli pafupifupi masentimita 25, ndipo kulemera kwake kumasiyana magalamu 50 mpaka 90 wokhala ndi mapiko a masentimita 45. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo apeza magawo awiri amtundu wamba, omwe ali ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakunja:
- o. kundoo Sykes amasiyana ndi mtundu winawo chifukwa nthenga yachiwiri yowuluka ya mbalameyi ndiyofanana ndi yachisanu, ndipo pali kachidutswa kakuda kuseri kwa diso, nthenga zakumchira zakunja ndizonso zakuda. Izi zazing'ono zidasankhidwa ndi Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan;
- o. oriolus Linnaeus amadziwika ndi kuti nthenga yachiwiri yayitali kuposa yachisanu, kulibe malo akuda kumbuyo kwa diso, nthenga zakunja kwa mchira ndizakuda. Mbalameyi imakhala ku Europe, Africa, Kazakhstan, Siberia ndi India.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame wamba ya ku Oriole
Kusiyanasiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi mu oriole wamba kumadziwika ndi mtundu wa mbalame. Amuna amawoneka owala kwambiri komanso olimba kwambiri, mtundu wawo umalamulidwa ndi hue wachikasu wachikaso ndi mchira wakuda wosiyanitsa ndi mapiko. Komanso, mapiko ndi mchira wakuthwa konsekonse ngati mawanga achikasu. Pali milozo yakuda kuchokera pakamwa mpaka kudiso; kutalika kwake kumadalira subspecies yamphapayo. Mtundu wa akazi ndi wachikasu wonyezimira kumtunda kwakumaso ndi yoyera pansipa, pomwe mizere yakuda yakutali imawonekera. Mapikowo ndi obiriwira motuwa.
Thupi la oriole wamba ndiloblong. Mlomo wamphamvu wamtali wokwanira umawonekera bwino pamutu, wojambulidwa ndi mawu ofiira ofiira. Iris ya diso mu mbalame imakhalanso ndi mtundu wofiira. Ma Juvenile amafanana mofanana ndi akazi, mtundu wawo ndiwofiyira wokhala ndi mithunzi yakuda komanso kusiyanasiyana m'mimba. Uuluka wa mbalameyo ndiwofulumira komanso wosasunthika, liwiro lake limasiyanasiyana makilomita 40 mpaka 45 pa ola limodzi. M'malo otseguka, mbalame zimawonekera kawirikawiri, zimakonda kukhala munthambi zobiriwira komanso zofalitsa.
Chosangalatsa: Ma Oriole osakhazikika amatha kufika pamtunda wothamanga kwambiri, mpaka makilomita 70 pa ola limodzi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtundu wa oriole wamba ndiyodabwitsa. Ma roulades oyimba a oriole wamba amafanana ndi phokoso lakumalizira kwa chitoliro, chosangalatsa khutu. Komabe, nthawi zina mbalameyo siimalira mogwirizana, zomwe sizosangalatsa. Ma oriole wamba amatha kupanga manotsi, ndipo mawonekedwe amphaka amalengeza zoopsa zomwe zikubwera.
Kodi azungu amakonda kukhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Common Oriole m'chilengedwe
Zofala zodziwika bwino ndizofala. Mbalame zimakonda nyengo yotentha, zimapewa kutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri, komwe sikulekerera, chifukwa cha izi, zimakhazikika kwambiri kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Ambiri mwa mbalamezi asankha kuchuluka kwa Europe, akukhala:
- Poland;
- Belarus;
- Sweden;
- Finland;
- Russia.
Oriole wamba imapezekanso kumwera kwa England, pachilumba cha Scilly. Mbalame zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ku Madeira ndi ku Azores. Orioles ndi osowa kwambiri ku British Isles.
Ma orioles wamba adalembetsedwanso m'malo aku Asia, omwe amakhala makamaka kumadera akumadzulo. Mutha kuwona mbalame ku Western Sayan, Bangladesh, India. Mbalame zanyimbo amakonda kukhala m'chigwa cha Yenisei. Oriole wamba ndi mbalame yosamuka, mbalame zokha zomwe zimakhala ku India sizimapanga maulendo ataliatali, mwina chifukwa cha nyengo yabwino.
Orioles amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira, momwe chinyezi chimakhala chachikulu. Amakonda birch, poplar ndi msondodzi. Kumene kumatentha kwambiri, amakhala m'malo amthunzi pafupi ndi mitsinje, pomwe pamakhala zitsamba zowirira. Mbalame zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri zili pama korona a nthambi, komwe amamva kukhala otetezeka kwambiri. Kudera lamapiri, mutha kukumananso ndi oriole, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Chosangalatsa: Orioles samapewa anthu, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, mapaki, minda komanso lamba wamnkhalango.
Kodi anthu wamba amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Common Oriole ku Russia
Menyu ya oriole wamba imadalira dera lomwe mbalame zimakhazikika, nyengo, nthawi yeniyeni yamasana ndi subspecies za mbalameyo. Kwambiri, imakhala ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, pamndandanda womwe pali omwe amadyetsa ma orioles wamba ndi nkhaka.
Ponena za tizilombo, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi:
- agulugufe;
- kafadala osiyanasiyana;
- akangaude;
- udzudzu;
- mbozi;
- agulugufe.
Zosangalatsa: Ma Oriole wamba amapindulitsa kwambiri mitengo ndikudya mbozi zaubweya, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri zomera. Chifukwa cha ubweya wakupha, mbalame zina sizimawaphatikiza pazakudya.
Nyamayi imatha kugwira chakudya chake pa ntchentche; mbalame zimapeza tizilombo tina tambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi mbalamezi kuti zichotse chakudya chawo chamasana pansi pa khungwa, chifukwa zili ndi milomo yamphamvu komanso yosongoka. Tizilombo tikhoza kupanga pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa patsiku, kutengera nyengo.
Kukolola kukakhwima, zipatso zokwanira ndi zipatso zimapezeka pamndandanda wa mbalame:
- yamatcheri;
- mphesa;
- chitumbuwa cha mbalame;
- currants;
- nkhuyu;
- apricots;
- mapeyala.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe chofala kwambiri chimakhala chosusuka, chimadya mbalame yaying'ono. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa njala kumangowoneka munthawi yaukwati. Pakadali pano, agulugufe akulu, ndowe, ndi nsikidzi m'nkhalango amagwiritsa ntchito. Ndizochepa kwambiri, komabe zimachitika kuti ma orioles wamba amawononga zisa za mbalame zazing'ono (flycatchers, redstart). Nthawi zambiri, oriole wamba amatenga chakudya m'mawa okhaokha, nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala akuchita zinthu zofunikira mbalame, koma nthawi zina imathanso kupha nyongolotsi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mkazi wa Common Oriole
Ma Orioles omwe amakhala ku Europe nthawi zambiri amabwerera kuchokera kuzizira m'miyezi yoyamba ya Meyi. Oyamba kubwera ndi amuna, omwe amayesa kutenga malo omwe amakhala kale. Pakapita masiku angapo, zazikazi zimatulukanso. Kupatula nyengo yaukwati, Orioles wamba amakonda kukhala paokha, ngakhale pali mabanja omwe ali ndi nthenga omwe sagwirizana pamoyo wawo wonse. Ma orioles wamba amayesetsa kupewa malo otseguka popanga ndege zazifupi pakati pamitengo, motero ndizosowa kwambiri kuwona maoleole m'nkhalango. Mutha kumudziwa pomuyimba.
Ngakhale oriole yodziwika bwino imakhala yolemetsa kwambiri komanso yothamanga, imayesetsa kukhala ndi moyo wabata komanso wabwino mu korona wa nthambi, kupewa mikangano yambiri. Common oriole ndi mbalame yamtendere komanso yochezeka yomwe siwopa anthu. Nthawi zambiri, mbalameyi imadzisunga yokha popanda mitundu ina ya mbalame, chifukwa sakonda kukhala wosokoneza. Khalidwe laukali la ku Oriole limangowonekera pokhapokha wina akaopseza ana ake kapena clutch.
Chosangalatsa: Orioles amakonda kusambira, amakonda madzi kwambiri, chifukwa samangopatsa kuzizira, komanso amasangalatsa mbalamezi. Izi zikuwonetsa kufanana kwawo ndi mateyo.
Monga tanenera kale, sikutheka kulingalira za oriole m'nkhalango (mbalameyo imabisala pakulimba), koma mutha kuyisilira m'minda yamaluwa ndi malo am'mapaki. Orioles samachita manyazi ndi anthu ndipo m'maiko osiyanasiyana amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu ambiri. Mkhalidwe waukulu wa mbalame zawo zopanda mtambo ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya chokwanira komanso gwero lamadzi pafupi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wa Common Oriole
Nyengo yokwatirana siyingatchulidwe koyambirira, chifukwa ma orioles wamba amabwerera kuchokera kuzizira nthawi yomwe masamba obiriwira amakhala kale kulikonse. Nthawi yeniyeni yomwe idayambika ndi yovuta kudziwa, chifukwa nthawi ikusiyana malinga ndi dera. Oyendetsa ndege akuyesera m'njira iliyonse kuti adziwonetse pamaso pa akazi, sizachabe kuti ali ndi chovala chodabwitsachi. Okwatirana amphongo achikondi akuyesera kusamalira bwino azimayi, omwe ali ndi ma trod melodic. Nthawi zina kumamenyedwa pakati pa njonda, chifukwa amuna okwatirana amakhala ansanje kwambiri ndipo samateteza okondedwa awo okha, komanso gawo lomwe akukhalamo. Mbalamezi zimatha kutchedwa kuti banja limodzi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri maanja amapangidwira moyo wonse.
Chosangalatsa: M'nyengo yaukwati, amuna amayimba mosatopa, koma nthawi yonseyi izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri chinyezi chikakwera, chifukwa chake amadziwika kuti ndiwo amachititsa mvula.
Mutatha kupambana mtima wa mnzanu, yakwana nthawi yoti mufufuze malo obisika oti mupezere mazira ndikuyamba kuwamanga. Chisa cha orioles chisa m'mitengo yayitali, ndikusankha mafoloko awo opingasa omwe amakhala patali ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Chisa cha mbalamechi chimawoneka ngati dengu losanjikiza losakula kwambiri. Maziko a nyumbayo amamangidwa mosamala ndi foloko mumtengo pogwiritsa ntchito malovu awo. Pambuyo pake, kuluka kwa makoma akunja kumayambira, komwe kumakhala ulusi wazomera, mapesi, mapesi a udzu, masamba owuma, tsitsi la nyama, zikoko za tizilombo, moss, makungwa a birch. Kuchokera mkati, mbalamezi zimayala chisa chogwiritsa ntchito pansi, nthiti, moss ndi nthenga.
Kapangidwe kake ka chisa chimatenga nthawi yopitilira sabata, kenako mkazi amayamba kuikira mazira. Pofundirapo, pali mazira 3 - 4 amthunzi wa pinki kapena woterera wokhala ndi timitengo ta burgundy. Nthawi yosamalitsa imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri, nthawi yonseyi mkazi samachoka pamalo pomwe amakhala, ndipo bambo wamtsogolo amasamalira chakudya chake.
Nthawi zambiri, anapiye amaswa mu Juni, mayi wa ku oriole amawateteza mosamala kuzizira, mphepo ndi nyengo yoipa, ndikuphimba nawo thupi. Poyamba, bambo ndiye yekhayo amene amamupatsa chakudya. Onse amuna ndi akazi amabweretsa chakudya kwa ana omwe akula pang'ono. Ali ndi milungu iwiri yokha, makanda amayesa kuwuluka, kusiya chisa chawo. Satha kusaka, motero makolo awo amapitilizabe kuwalamulira ngakhale atakhala atayimilira pamapiko, ndi mbalame zosamala. Kutalika kwa moyo woyesedwa ndi chilengedwe cha orioles kumadalira pazinthu zambiri komanso kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka 15.
Adani achilengedwe a orioles wamba
Chithunzi: Common Oriole
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zachilengedwe wamba imagwirizana ndi mfundo yoti adani achilengedwe sangathe kuyandikira, ngakhale mbalameyi ili yaying'ono komanso yowala kwambiri. Orioles amatenga gawo limodzi la mkango nthawi yawo ya avian m'miyendo yayikulu yamitengo yayitali kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kovuta kuzipeza. Kuphatikiza apo, amadyetsa m'mawa kwambiri, ndipo masana simudzawawona akufuna chakudya. Kwenikweni, adani a oriole ndi mbalame zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimadya nyama, zomwe zaganiza momwe zingapezere njira yolowera ku birdie kuti idye.
Anthu osafunafuna awa ndi awa:
- makoko;
- mpheta za mpheta;
- ziwombankhanga;
- zida.
Mbalame zina, zokulirapo kuposa mamba wamba, nthawi zina zimawononga zisa zawo. Olimba mtima amatenga nawo mbali pankhondo, akumenya nkhondo ndi adani chifukwa cha anapiye awo kapena kuyikira mazira.
Kuukira kwa nyama zina pamtundu wamba ndikosowa, kumatha kutchedwa kuti ngozi. Amatha kuukira akusambira, akutola zipatso kapena zipatso. Ma Orioles amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu munyengo yokhwima, amuna akamakopa akazi kapena banjali limakonda kumanga chisa. Kenako chenjezo limabwerera ku mbalame, zomwe zimawona mosamala chisa chawo chobisalamo, chomwe chili pamalo ovuta kufikako.
Munthu amathanso kuwerengedwa pakati pa adani amtundu wamba, chifukwa cha zochitika zachuma nthawi zambiri amalowa m'malo awo, amasamutsa mbalame m'malo awo, zimawononga chilengedwe, chomwe chimakhudza moyo wa mbalame.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mbalame wamba ya ku Oriole
Ma oriole wamba amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yambiri, motero mabungwe osamalira zachilengedwe samachita chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalameyi. Kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi zazikulu mokwanira, sizimakumana ndi zoopsa zilizonse zowopsa. Malinga ndi IUCN, kuchuluka kwa zachilengedwe wamba sikukuwopsezedwa, ndipo mu International Red Book mbalameyi imakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa, pokhala mgulu lazinthu zosafunikira kwenikweni.
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha anthu wamba chimakhala chokhazikika, chakhala chikuchepa pang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa. Izi ndichifukwa cha zovuta zingapo za anthropogenic: kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuchuluka kwa mizinda, kumanga misewu yayikulu, ndi zina zambiri.
Malinga ndi akatswiri azakuthambo, kukhazikika kwa anthu m'dera la oriole wamba kumakhalapo chifukwa chakuti mbalameyi imasamala kwambiri ndipo imamanga zisa m'malo ovuta kufikako, chifukwa chake ana ake amakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri. Commonoleole wamba samawoneka m'malo otseguka, ndipo kutalika kwa moyo wake sikufupikitsa konse. Zinthu zonsezi zimathandizira kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, kuzisunga pamlingo woyenera, zingapo, zomwe ndizofunikira.
Pamapeto pake, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti momwe zinthu ziliri ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri. Common oriole imakhala ngati dimba komanso nkhalango mwadongosolo, yoteteza mitengo ku mbozi zowopsa komanso zowopsa. Kuganizira za zokongola za m'nkhalango ndi chisangalalo chosowa, koma mutha kusangalala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a mbalame poyang'ana zithunzi zowoneka bwino zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta pa intaneti.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 22:55
