Iguana Ndi cholengedwa chowoneka bwino. Ndikumangirira kumbuyo ndi mchira, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana akhungu ndi "ndevu" zansalu. Nyamayo imawoneka ngati chinjoka chaching'ono. Ndipo ngakhale amatchedwa iguana wobiriwira, sikuti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi khungu lobiriwira. Mtunduwo umatha kukhala wobiriwira wabuluu, wobiriwira wowala, wofiyira, wotuwa ndi wachikasu mpaka pinki wotumbululuka ndi lavender. M'malo ena, ma iguana amakhala abuluu akadali achichepere, koma pang'onopang'ono amasintha mtunduwo akamakalamba.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Iguana
Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi botanist waku Sweden a Carl Linnaeus mu 1758. Mitundu yambiri yazindikirika mzaka mazana awiri kuchokera pomwe, koma pambuyo pake, atafufuza za majini, adasankhidwa kukhala mitundu yosavuta yazigawo zamtundu womwewo, kupatula iguana yaku Caribbean.
Kanema: Iguana
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya DNA ya nyukiliya komanso ya mitochondrial kuti aphunzire mbiri ya phylogenic ya iguana, asayansiwo adasanthula nyama zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera m'maiko 17 osiyanasiyana. Topology ya phylogeny idawonetsa kuti mitundu iyi idachokera ku South America ndipo pamapeto pake idadutsa ku Central America ndi ku Caribbean. Kafukufukuyu sanazindikire mitochondrial DNA haplotypes yamtundu wa subspecies, koma akuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa mzere pakati pa anthu aku Central ndi South America.
Pali magawo awiri a iguana wamba:
- iguana iguana iguana imagawidwa ku Lesser Antilles ndi South America;
- iguana iguana rhinolopha - Fomuyi imapezeka makamaka ku Central America.
Taxa ziwirizi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa bwino ndi "nyanga" ziwiri kapena zitatu zazing'ono pamaso pa rhinolopha iguana. Mawu oti "iguana" amachokera ku dzina lachispanish lotchulidwira mchilankhulo cha anthu aku Taíno, omwe amakhala ku Caribbean asanafike olandawo ndikumveka ngati "iwana". Popita nthawi, dzina la Chisipanishi limadutsa dzina la sayansi yamtunduwu. M'mayiko ena olankhula Chisipanishi, amuna amtunduwu amatchedwa gorrobo kapena ministro, ndipo achinyamata amatchedwa iguanita kapena gorrobito.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Green Iguana
Pambuyo powaswa, iguana imakhala yotalika kuyambira masentimita 16 mpaka 25. Ma iguana ambiri okhwima amalemera 4 mpaka 6 makilogalamu, koma ena amatha kufika makilogalamu 8 ndi chakudya choyenera. Abuluzi akuluakuluwa ndi aatali pafupifupi mamita 2. Ngakhale kuti nyamazi zimatchedwa iguana wobiriwira, mitundu yawo ndi yosiyana. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi yunifolomu yofananira ndi msinkhu, pomwe achichepere amatha kuwoneka opanda banga kapena amizere pakati pa zobiriwira ndi zofiirira. Mtundu wa munthu umathanso kusiyanasiyana kutengera momwe akumvera, kutentha, thanzi kapena chikhalidwe chake. Kusintha kwamtunduwu kumatha kuthandiza nyamazi ndi kutentha thupi.
M'mawa, kutentha kwa thupi kukakhala kotsika, khungu limakhala lakuda, zomwe zimathandiza buluzi kuyamwa kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Komabe, dzuwa lotentha masana likamawawala, nyamazi zimapepukiranso kapena kuweruka, zomwe zimawunikira kunyezimira kwa dzuŵa ndikuchepetsa kutentha. Ma iguana omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri amakhala amtundu wakuda kuposa ma iguana otsika kwambiri omwe amakhala m'malo omwewo. Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yomwe imawoneka mumtunduwu imapezeka mwa amuna ndipo imatha kukhala gawo lina la ma steroids ogonana.
Zosangalatsa: milungu isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu isanachitike komanso munthawi ya chibwenzi, amuna amatha kutenga lalanje lowala kapena golide, ngakhale utoto umalumikizanabe ndi ulamuliro. Amayi okhwima ambiri amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Zina mwazinthu zamtunduwu zimaphatikizanso thumba pansi pakhosi, khola lakumbuyo komwe kumakhala misana yotumphuka kuyambira pakati pakhosi mpaka pansi pamchira, ndi mchira wautali wokutira. Nthula yamkaka imakula kwambiri mwa amuna akulu kuposa akazi. Zowonjezera za mafupa a hyoid zimauma komanso zimathandizira kutsogolo kwa nyumbayi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza malo kapena nyama ikachita mantha. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandiziranso kuyamwa ndi kutaya kutentha ikamakulira.
Maso ofananira nawo amatetezedwa makamaka ndi chikope chosasunthika komanso chikope chakumaso chosunthika. Pakatikati pamutu mwa chigaza, kumbuyo kwa maso pali khungu la parietal. Izi limba limbale, ngakhale si "diso" lenileni, limagwira ngati mita ya mphamvu ya dzuwa ndipo limalimbikitsa kusasitsa kumaliseche, chithokomiro ndi mafupa a endocrine. Kuwona kwa "diso" ili kumangopezeka pakupeza mithunzi yolusa kuchokera kumwamba.
Kodi iguana imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Iguana mwachilengedwe
Iguana wamba amapezeka ku Central ndi South America, kuyambira Sinaloa ndi Veracruz, Mexico, kumwera mpaka Paraguay ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil. Buluzi wamkuluyu amakhalanso pazilumba zambiri ku Caribbean ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'maŵa kwa Pacific ndipo adadziwitsidwa kumwera kwa Florida ndi Hawaii. Kuphatikiza apo, ma iguana obiriwira adakhazikika pachilumba cha Anguilla mu 1995 atakokolokera kumtunda pambuyo pa mkuntho.
Ma iguana wamba amakhala m'mapiri amvula:
- kumpoto kwa Mexico;
- chapakati ku America;
- ku Caribbean;
- kum'mwera kwa Brazil.
Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi sikupezeka ku Martinique, gulu laling'ono lamtchire lomwe linamasulidwa kapena kuthawa ma iguana obiriwira limapezeka ku Fort St. Louis. Iguana ndi abuluzi omwe amakhala ndi korona wamitengo. Achinyamata amakhazikitsa madera ocheperako m'mitengo, pomwe ma iguana achikulire amakhala pamwambapa. Chizolowezi chokhala pamitengo chimawathandiza kuti azitha kutentha padzuwa, samatsika kawirikawiri, pokhapokha azimayi akakumba maenje kuti aikire mazira.
Ngakhale nyamayo imakonda kukhala ndi nkhalango (nkhalango), imatha kusintha malo otseguka. Mosasamala komwe amakhala, ma iguana amakonda kukhala ndi madzi pafupi, popeza ndi osambira abwino kwambiri omwe amalumphira m'madzi kuti apewe zolusa. Ku South ndi Central America, komwe iguana wamba amapezeka, m'maiko ena ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa anthu amasaka ndikudya "nkhuku iyi m'mitengo".
Kodi iguana imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Iguana
Iguana nthawi zambiri amakhala wosadya nyama. Mitengo yobiriwira yobiriwira kapena zipatso zakupsa ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda. Koma nthawi zina amadya nyama zochepa kapena zopanda mafupa. Iguana amagwiritsa ntchito malirime awo poyesa kudya ndikumaluma tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono kuti timumeze popanda kutafuna pang'ono. Chakudya chimasakanikirana ndi michere m'mimba kenako chimalowa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, momwe michere ya pancreatic ndi bile imasakanikirana nayo. Zambiri mwa chimbudzi zimachitika m'matumbo, pomwe microflora imawononga mapadi. Microflora ndiyofunikira pakupukusa matumbo akumbuyo kwa chakudya chovuta kupukusa ichi.
Zosangalatsa: Anapiye a ku Iguana amakonda kudya ndowe za achikulire, zomwe zimatha kukhala kuti apeze microflora yofunikira kwambiri. Microflora iyi imaphwanya chakudya ndikuchipangitsa kuti chiziyamwa.
M'zaka zitatu zoyambirira, ma iguana amafunikira mapuloteni ambiri azakudya mwachangu. Munthawi imeneyi, ma iguana achichepere amatha kudya tizilombo ndi akangaude. Ma iguana okalamba omwe ali pafupi kutalika kwawo amadya phosphorous, calcium yayikulu, zakudya zamasamba pazosowa zawo.
Iguana ndi nyama zowopsa. Kutentha kwa thupi kumatengera kutentha kozungulira. Kutentha kocheperako kumachepetsa chidwi cha iguana ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito am'mimba. Kudyetsa mwakhama nthawi zambiri kumachitika kutentha kozungulira ndi 25-35 ° C. Kutentha ndikothandiza kwambiri pakudya. Iguana amatha kusiya kudya khungu lisanayambe kapena likasintha. Akazi amatha kukana kudya atakula. Anthu omwe apanikizika kwambiri kapena m'mikhalidwe yatsopano amathanso kukana kudya.
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe mungadyetse iguana. Tiyeni tiwone momwe buluzi wobiriwira amakhala.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Lizard iguana
Kumtchire, zokambirana zambiri pakati pa iguana ndizokhudza malo otenthetsera thupi. Abuluzi odyetsawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Kusamba ndikofunikira pakukweza kutentha kwa thupi ndikuwongolera chimbudzi. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, amuna amawonetsa madera awo kudzera pakumenya mutu ndikusintha mitundu. Amalimbana. Zovulala zakutchire ndizosowa chifukwa amuna amakhala ndi malo ambiri obwerera kwawo akaopsezedwa. Komabe, mu ukapolo, komwe malo ndi ochepa, kuvulala kumakhala kofala kwambiri.
Akazi amathanso kuwonetsa ena mwa maluso awa pomwe malo okhala ndi zisa ochepa. Ma iguana wamba amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali maulendo angapo. Zazimayi zimasamukira kumalo omwewo kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana, kenako zimabwerera kwawo zikaikira mazira. Ana amathenso kuyenda maulendo ataliatali.
Ikachita mantha, iguana nthawi zambiri imaundana kapena kubisala. Monga abuluzi ena ambiri, iguana imatha kuthira mchira wawo. Izi zimawapatsa mwayi woti athawe adaniwo asanadziwe zomwe zikuchitika. Mchira watsopano umaphuka ndikukula mchaka chimodzi, koma osati kutalika ngati momwe udaliri kale. Pafupi ndi mpikisanowu, iguana imadumphira m'madzi kuchokera kuma nthambi okutidwa, kenako ndikusambira kuchoka pachiwopsezo. Nyama zimakonda zomera zazitali komanso zowirira zokhala ndi chinyezi chochuluka, dzuwa ndi mthunzi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Baby Iguana
Ma iguana omwe amapezeka kwambiri amafika pofika zaka zapakati pa 3-4, ngakhale kukula kungafikiridwe kale. Zimaswana m'nyengo yadzuwa, kulola kuti ana awo aswe m'nyengo yamvula chakudya chikamapezeka mosavuta. Chibwenzi chimachitika mdera lina momwe mungapezeke akazi oposera m'modzi. Mikangano pakati pa amuna si zachilendo. Amuna odziwika kwambiri amalemba miyala, nthambi, ndi zazikazi ndi chinthu chapadera chokhala ndi pheromone waxy chobisika kuchokera ku ziboda zawo zachikazi.
Pakakwatirana, yamphongo imakwera pamsana pa yaikazi. Kuti agwire chachikazi, amatenga khungu la phewa ndi mano ake, ndikuvulaza ngakhale. Kenako yamphongoyo imagwirizanitsa kutsegulira kwake kwachikazi ndikulowetsa m'modzi mwa ma hemipenes ake mchipinda chake. Kuphatikiza kumatha kutenga mphindi zingapo. Akazi amatha kusunga umuna kwa zaka zingapo, zomwe zimawalola kuti apange mazira pambuyo pake. Pafupifupi masiku 65 mutakwatira, mkaziyo amatulutsa mazira. Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa mazira kumasiyana malinga ndi kukula, chakudya, komanso msinkhu. Mazirawo amakhala pafupifupi 15.4 mm m'mimba mwake ndi 35 mpaka 40 mm kutalika.
Pakadutsa masiku atatu, pafupifupi mazira 10 kapena 30 achikopa achikopa kapena otumbululuka amaikidwa mchisa. Zisa zimapezeka pakuya masentimita 45 mpaka 1 mita ndipo zimatha kugona ndi mazira azimayi ena ngati malo okhala ndi ochepa. Pambuyo poikira mazira, zazikazi zimatha kubwerera ku chisa kangapo, koma osatsalira kuti muzisunge. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 91 mpaka 120. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 29 ndi 32 ° C. Anapiye amatsegula dziralo pogwiritsa ntchito dzino lapadera lomwe limagwa patangopita nthawi yochepa kuti lathyoledwa.
Zosangalatsa: Akaswa, ma iguana achichepere amawoneka ofanana ndi achikulire amtundu ndi mawonekedwe. Amafanana ndi akazi achikulire osati amuna ndipo alibe msana wamtsempha. Ndi msinkhu, nyama izi sizikhala ndi kusintha kwakapangidwe kazinthu, kupatula kuti zimakula.
Komabe, chakudya cha nyama chimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi msinkhu. Ma iguana achichepere ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri zamapuloteni ndipo amatha kudya tizilombo ndi mazira kuposa anthu okhwima. Mbewuyo imakhalabe m'magulu azaka zoyambirira. Ma iguana achimuna m'maguluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito matupi awo kuteteza ndi kuteteza akazi ku zirombo, ndipo izi zikuwoneka kuti ndizo zokhazokha zokwawa zomwe zimachita izi.
Adani achilengedwe a iguana
Chithunzi: Iguana
Njira imodzi yabwino yopewera adani a iguana ndikuwapaka utoto. Chifukwa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi malo awo okhala. Pozindikira kuopsa kwake, nyamayo imangoyenda osachita chilichonse. Ma iguana achichepere amapezeka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito "gulu lodzikonda" kapena "maso owoneka bwino" kuti apewe adani. Iguana amakonda kudumphira m'mitengo ya mitengo yomwe imapachikidwa pamadzi, choncho ikawopsezedwa ndi chilombo, imalowa m'madzi ndikusambira msanga.
Kuphatikiza pa njira zodzitchinjiriza izi, ma iguana obiriwira amatha kutulutsa mchira wawo, motero kusokoneza nyama zolusa ndikutha kuthawa. Hawks ndi mbalame zina zazikulu ndizomwe zitha kuwononga ma iguana achichepere. Anthu ndi amodzi mwa omwe amadyetsa iguana wamba. Amadya iguana yonse ndi mazira awo. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zokwawa izi kuti akope ng'ona ndi kuwagwira kuti agulitse ziweto zawo. Monga nyama zina zambiri, iguana wobiriwira amavutika ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo.
Zosangalatsa: M'mayiko ena, iguana imakhala ndi mtengo wophikira. Nyama imakololedwa kuchokera kuzinyama zonse komanso nyama zoweta. Nyama yawo imadyedwa ndipo imatchedwa "nkhuku yobiriwira" chifukwa mtundu wa nyama umafanana ndi nkhuku. Chakudya chodziwika bwino cha iguana ndi Sopa de Garrobo.
Iguana wobiriwira ndi imodzi mwazinyama zotchuka kwambiri za terrarium ndipo pakadali pano imafalikira kumafamu ku South America chifukwa chaichi. Koma ogula ambiri sakukayikira kuti iguana yaying'ono yomwe adzagulitsidwe itha kukhala mpaka 2 m kutalika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Lizard iguana
Ngakhale kuti anthu ena akhudzidwa ndi kuwononga nyama ndi kuwazembera kuti agulitse ziweto zawo, ma iguana obiriwira sawonedwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo chotha. Iguana wamba amalembedwa mu CITES Zakumapeto II. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kuwongolera malonda amtunduwu. IUCN imawerengera iguana ngati mtundu wovuta kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kutchulidwa kwa kuchepa kwa malo okhala chifukwa chakusintha kwamizinda ndikutheka kwa anthu obiriwira a iguana mtsogolomo.
Zosangalatsa: Kuphatikiza pa kubalalitsa mbewu, ma iguana amatumikiranso nyama zazikulu. Monga ma amphibiya ena ndi zokwawa, ma iguana atha kukhala zisonyezo zosintha chilengedwe. Mukamawona zomwe zokwawa zimachita, anthu amatha kudziwitsidwa za zovuta zomwe zingachitike zachilengedwe.
Zakale, nyama ndi mazira obiriwira a iguana adadyedwa ngati gwero la mapuloteni ndipo amatamandidwa chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala ndi aphrodisiac. Iguana amalimidwa mu ukapolo ngati chakudya poyesera kulimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachuma ku Panama ndi Costa Rica. Njira zosungira zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ndikulimbikitsa anthu aku iguana zimaphatikizapo mapulogalamu obereketsa ogwidwa, mchitidwe wotulutsa ana omwe agwidwa kuthengo, kapena oleredwa mu ukapolo, pamalo omwe akufuna.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06/27/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 pa 21:58
