Mukawona, kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso koyambirira kwa Meyi mutha kuwona kuti kafadala kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono kamatuluka pansi ndikuthamangira mlengalenga. Tizilombo tomwe timatchedwa Sankhani... Ichi ndi kachilombo kotchuka kwambiri komwe kumawononga kwambiri gawo laulimi la moyo wamunthu. Ngakhale izi, Meyi kachilomboka ndi nyama yosangalatsa yomwe ili ndi zizolowezi zawo komanso moyo wawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: May beetle
Khrushch ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Ena oimira mtunduwo amafika mamilimita makumi atatu m'litali, amakhala ndi thupi lotakata, lakuda kapena lofiirira. May beetles amatchedwanso kafadala, ndipo m'Chilatini amatchedwa Melolontha. Tizilombo timeneti ndi gawo la dongosolo la coleoptera, ndi gawo la banja lalikulu la lamellar. May beetles adakhazikitsa mtundu wawo wodziwika.
Kanema: Mayi kachilomboka
Chiwerengero cha kafadala chadumpha kwambiri nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Panali kugwa konse komanso kuchuluka kwa tizirombo. Anthu okwera kwambiri anali makumi asanu. Kenako kafadala anawononga kwambiri malo olimapo komanso minda. Pachifukwa ichi, alimi adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kulima minda yawo. Poyamba, izi zidachepetsa kwambiri tizirombo, kenako tidawawonongeratu. Mtundu wa Meyi kafadala udatha kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa anthu atangodutsa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya mankhwala sikunaletsedwe.
Mulole kafadala ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa. Ali ndi khalidwe losazolowereka monga cholinga. Tizilomboto tidzauluka kupita komwe tikufuna popanda vuto lililonse.
Mtundu wa Meyi kafadala ndi wokwanira. Ili ndi mitundu makumi awiri ndi zinayi. Awa ndi Melolontha aceris, Melolontha afflicta, Melolontha anita ndi ena ambiri. Mitundu isanu ndi inayi yamtunduwu imakhala m'dera lamakono la Russia. Mwanjira zambiri, machitidwe ndi kuthekera kwa kafadala kotere ndikofanana ndi mavu wamba, njuchi za uchi. Tizilombo timadziwanso momwe tingakumbukire mtundawu, kuti muziyenda bwino momwemo. Koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndi njuchi, mavu ndi mavuto omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kafadala.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Khrushches ndi tizilombo tambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumakhala pakati pa milimita khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka makumi atatu ndi chimodzi. Thupi la chinyama ndi lotakata, chowulungika, nthawi zina limakhala lalitali pang'ono. Mtundu wa thupi nthawi zambiri umakhala wofiirira, wakuda. Elytra amatsata mawonekedwe amthupi, khalani ndi nthiti zisanu zopapatiza. Amatha kukhala olimba kapena ofooka, kutengera mitundu.
Mtundu wa elytra ndi wosiyana: ofiira-ofiira, achikasu-bulauni, okhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira. Kafadala ali ndi pygidia. Ndi yayikulu mokwanira, ili ndi mawonekedwe amakona atatu (kangapo - osamveka). Pamapeto pake, pygidium imakonzedwa. Mwa amuna, njirayi imadziwika kwambiri, yayitali, mwa akazi ndiyifupi.
Pygidium siyophimbidwa ndi mapiko. Thupi limakhala ndi magawo atatu: pamimba, pachifuwa, pamutu. Mimba imalumikizidwa pachifuwa; imagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi atatu. Chifuwa cha chikumbu chimaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, lalitali lalikasu. Mimba imakhalanso yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba, lolumikizana bwino ndi thupi. Komabe, pambali pawo, tsitsi lalitali limatuluka pamimba. Miyendo ya nyama imaphimbidwanso ndi ubweya; tibia yakutsogolo ili ndi mano awiri kapena atatu.
Mulole nyongolotsi ziziuluka bwino. Ndipo izi ngakhale malamulo onse okhudza kuuluka bwino. Mwasayansi, tizilombo timakhala totsika kwambiri kuti tiziuluka. Komabe, a Khrushchev amatha kuyenda pafupifupi makilomita makumi awiri mlengalenga tsiku limodzi.
Thupi la chikumbu cha Meyi ndilolimba kwambiri. Ali ndi mapiko awiri awiri, miyendo yotukuka bwino. Zonsezi, kachilomboka kali ndi miyendo itatu. Ndi chithandizo chawo, kachilomboka kamamatira pamitengo, zomera, nthambi. Amathandizanso kukumba maenje akuya panthaka. Pakamwa pa chikumbu cha May chikulira.
Kodi kachilomboka kakumakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: May beetle
Malo okhalapo kafadala a Meyi ndiokwanira mokwanira, kuphimba makontinenti ambiri.
Mulinso mayiko, zigawo:
- Europe, Ukraine, Russia;
- Central Asia, Caucasus;
- USA, kumpoto kwa Iran, India;
- China, Tibet, Japan;
- Philippines, Indochina.
Mwa mitundu makumi awiri mphambu itatu, mitundu yambiri imakhala m'dera la Palaearctic. Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha ndiyo yomwe ili m'malo a South ndi East Asia, dera la Indomalayan, zilumba zomwe zili pakati pa Australia ndi Asia. Mitundu yambiri ya kachilomboka imapezeka m'dera la Russian Federation, mayiko a CIS. Mitundu isanu ndi inayi imakhalako: Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha clypeata, Melolontha kraatzi, Melolontha aceris, Melolontha melolontha, Melolontha permira, Melolontha afflicta, Melolontha pectoralis, Melolontha gussakovskii.
Kwa mayiko aku North America, kafadala ndiwowopsa. M'dera lino, alibe adani achilengedwe olamulira kuchuluka kwa tizilombo timeneti. Mulole kachilomboka kakhoza kuchulukitsa mofulumira ndikuwononga zonse zaulimi, minda yamtunda kumtunda.
Mulole kafadala akaikire mazira ndi ana amtsogolo m'nthaka, chifukwa chake posankha malo okhala, tizilombo timasamala nthaka. Tizilomboti sitimakhazikika m'malo olamulidwa ndi dothi. Sizingatheke kukumba ngalande yoyenera mmenemo. Mchenga wa mchenga, wamchenga ndi woyenera kafadala. Amakhala pafupi ndi nkhalango, m'zigwa za mitsinje. Komanso posankha gawo, kupezeka kwa chakudya pafupi, nyengo yotentha, kumathandiza kwambiri.
Kodi kachilomboka kadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: May beetle
Mwina kafadala ndi tizirombo todziwika kwambiri. Izi ndi tizilombo tomwe timasokoneza nthaka. Amavulaza onse atakula komanso atadwala. Nyongolotsi zoterezi zimawoneka bwino nthawi yonse yomwe mumakhala maluwa. Amatha kuvulaza kwambiri mbewu zazing'ono. Anthu achikulire amadya mosavuta. Zimangokhala masamba a zitsamba ndi mitengo. Amakonda msondodzi, linden, thundu, birch, chitumbuwa, mapulo, maula, peyala, ndi mitengo yambiri yazipatso.
Kuti adye chakudya, kafadala wamkulu amagwiritsa ntchito zida zawo zam'kamwa zamphamvu. Amakhala ndi nsagwada ziwiri, zomwe zimatha kugaya masamba ngakhalenso khungwa la mitengo yaying'ono. Pofunafuna chakudya, chikumbu cha Meyi chitha kuwuluka pafupifupi makilomita makumi awiri tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yomweyo, amadziwa momwe angapangire liwiro labwino la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Pakati paulendo wawo, kafadala mdera la Russia, Europe, mayiko a CIS amatha kuwononga nkhalango ndi minda yonse. Komabe, kuwononga kumeneku sikukhalitsa. Ntchentche zimauluka osapitirira masiku makumi anayi.
Ngakhale kuvulala kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kachilomboka kakang'ono, kafadala amakhala owopsa nthawi yayikulu. Amakonda kwambiri.
Zakudya za mphutsi zikuphatikizapo:
- mizu ya sitiroberi;
- mizu yamasamba osiyanasiyana;
- mizu ya mitengo ya zipatso;
- mbatata;
- mizu ya chimanga;
- mizu ya larch, spruce, paini, mkungudza, birch;
- mizu ya udzu.
Mphutsi, zomwe ndi zachikulire, zimakonda kwambiri kudya. Pali umboni woti mphutsi imodzi, yomwe ili ndi zaka zitatu, itha kudya mizu ya mtengo wa paini tsiku limodzi lokha.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Great May kachilomboka
Nyongolotsi ndi nyama zolangizidwa zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wadongosolo. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse imakhala ndi chaka chake chachilimwe. Ndipo chizolowezi chimasintha nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kafadala a Nigripes amachita zaka kamodzi zaka zinayi zilizonse. Ndipafupifupi chilimwe chachikulu. Ndiye kuti, pakati pa zaka zinayi, oimira ma Nigripes amapezeka m'magulu ochepa.
Ntchito yayikulu ya Meyi kafadala akusaka chakudya. Ndi bizinesi iyi yomwe tizilombo timachita atangobadwa. Akuluakulu amauluka kukafunafuna masamba, ndipo mphutsi zimawononga mizu ya mitengo ndi zomera mobisa. Umu ndi momwe pafupifupi moyo wonse wa tizilombo umadutsa.
Mulole kafadala amasiyanitsidwe ndi kutsimikiza mtima kwakukulu. Koma pali chinthu china chomwe chimawachotsa mu mayendedwe awo amoyo. Mtundu wabuluu wokha ndiomwe ungathe kuyimitsa pang'ono ntchito ya kachilomboka. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yabwino, chinyama sichimawonetsa ntchito zake.
Meyi Khrushch ndi tsoka lenileni laulimi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, anthu ankapha kafadala pomwe anthu amapitilira malire ololedwa. Kotero, mu 1968 ku Saxony, zikumbu zoposa khumi ndi zisanu zinawonongedwa nthawi imodzi. Ngati lero timalola kuwonjezeka kwa kafadala kwa anthu oterewa, ndiye kuti tsoka ladziko lonse lapansi liziwoneka m'makampani olima.
Makhalidwe a May Khrushchev ndi amtendere. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timayesetsa kupewa anthu. Ndizothandiza kwambiri, amathera tsiku lonse akusaka ndi kugaya chakudya. Meyi kachilomboka sikalowa nawo nkhondo ndi tizilombo tina ndi nyama zina. Amakhala moyo wabata, wokhazikika.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: May beetle in spring
Khrushch ndi mtundu wa nyama yamagetsi. Zimabereka zogonana. Oimira amtunduwu ali ndi akazi, amuna. Patapita nthawi, chikumbu chachikazi chimaikira mazira. Kuti achite izi, akuyenera kukumba ngalande m'nthaka. Kuya kwa ngalande kuyenera kukhala osachepera masentimita makumi atatu. Kupanda kutero, mazira onse amafa. Pa moyo wake, wamkazi amatha kuikira mazira 70.
Mazira atayikidwa, chikumbu chachikazi cha May chimaphedwa nthawi yomweyo. Mpaka pano, amuna omwe adapanga feteleza akaziwa amamwalira. Patatha pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka, mphutsi zimayamba kutuluka m'mazira. Adzakhala m'nthaka zaka zinayi. Iwo ndi osiyana kotheratu ndi kafadala wamkulu. Mphutsi zimasinthidwa modabwitsa kuti zikhale zamoyo padziko lapansi. Alibe maso, thupi ndi loyera, komanso mawonekedwe ngati nyongolotsi zimapangitsa kuti mphutsi zizitha kuyenda mosavuta m'nthaka kufunafuna chakudya.
Mphutsi zimakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri. Ndi chithandizo chawo, chinyama chimatha kudzipangira ngalande, kudziluma kudzera muzu wolimba wa zomera. Komabe, mphutsi sizikhala ndi mphamvu zotere nthawi yomweyo. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo wawo, sangathe kuluma ndikudya mizu yolimba. Pakadali pano, amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamasamba. Pokhapokha chaka ndi theka atabadwa, mphutsi zimayamba kudya mbewu, mizu.
Kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, mbozi imasanduka chibonga. Zikuwoneka ngati wamkulu, koma alibe chipolopolo cholimba. Popita nthawi, chibayo chimakula miyendo, mapiko, ndi ziwalo zina zofunika, zomwe wamkulu wachikulire wa May amakhala nazo. Pomaliza, chibayo chimakhala kachilomboka patatha miyezi iwiri.
Adani achilengedwe a Meyi kafadala
Chithunzi: Chikumbu chachikulu cha May
Mulole kafadala ndi nyama zokoma nyama zambiri. Mbalame zosasangalatsa, mileme. Khrushchev ndimakonda "mbale" ya nyenyezi, mbalame zakuda, ma rook, magpies, jays. Iwo samadya kokha akuluakulu, komanso mphutsi. Pachifukwa ichi, wamaluwa ambiri amayesa kukopa mbalame kumalo awo. Amathandizira kuthana ndi tiziromboti munthawi yochepa komanso osagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowopsa. Mileme imathetsanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mu nyengo imodzi, nyenyezi ziwiri zimatha kuwononga zokha zikwi eyiti zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu, mphutsi za kafadala ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timakonda m'munda.
Nyama zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono. Mulole kafadala amadyedwa ndi mbira, mahedgehogs, ndi moles. Chifukwa chake, kuti athane ndi tizirombo izi, wamaluwa amalangizidwa mwamphamvu kuti adzaze minda yokhala ndi mahedgehogs. Mphutsi, kafadala wamkulu amapanga maziko azakudya za nyama iyi.
Ziweto. Amphaka am'nyumba ndi agalu abwino kwambiri osaka kafadala. Amayamba kugwira tizilombo, kenako amatha kusewera nawo, kenako nkudya. Chakudyachi ndi chopatsa thanzi kwambiri kwa ziweto. Mulole kafadala akhale ndi mapuloteni ambiri, omwe amalowetsedwa mosavuta ndi thupi lanyama.
Anthu. Mdani wowopsa kwambiri wa Meyi kachilomboka ndi munthu.
Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athetse tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Mankhwala, maphikidwe wowerengeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Anthu amayesa kukopa mbalame, nyama zomwe zimadyetsa kafadala kumalo awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: May beetle
Mtundu wa Meyi kafadala amakhala ndi anthu ambiri okhazikika. Izi ndichifukwa cha chonde kwa tizilombo, kupulumuka kwawo nyengo zosiyanasiyana, kupezeka kwa chakudya chochuluka choyenera. Maonekedwe a nyongolotsi sizimayambitsa nkhawa pakati pa asayansi, chiwopsezo chotha ndi chochepa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti anthu chaka chilichonse amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mayi kachilomboka ndi kachilombo koopsa pazigawo zonse za kukula kwake. Ndi mphutsi, imavulaza kwambiri rhizome ya zitsamba, zomera zaulimi, mitengo. Izi zimayambitsa kufa msanga kwa mbewu. Atakula, kachilomboka kamadya masamba, kamakuma makungwawo.
Chiwerengero cha kafadala ka Meyi mdera lililonse lazachilengedwe sichikhala chokhazikika. Pali nthawi yomwe kuchuluka kwa tizilombo timeneti kumawonjezeka mpaka kuzofunikira. Poterepa, munthu ayenera kupha tizirombo, chifukwa chomalizachi chitha kuwononga zokolola zambiri. Chikumbu chimaswana mwachangu kwambiri. Mkazi mmodzi amatha kuikira mazira pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi awiri. Pambuyo masiku makumi atatu, mphutsi zosusuka zimatuluka m'mazira. Kuyambira masiku oyamba amayamba kudya mizu ya zomera, ndipo chilakolako chawo chimakula chaka chilichonse.
Sankhani - nthumwi yowala ya tizilombo ta lamala. Nthiti izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, utoto wowala, kutsimikiza kwake komanso kubereka kwakukulu. Mulole kafadala afalikire padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula madera akumpoto, ozizira. Amawoneka ndi maluwa oyamba a mitengo; amapezeka mumitengo yambiri, nkhalango zosakanikirana. Nyama imeneyi ndi tizilombo toopsa. Zimawononga mbewu kwambiri chaka chilichonse. Pachifukwa ichi, wamaluwa, alimi amakakamizidwa kulimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilomboti m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12.05.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 17:52
