Ngati muli ndi cholengedwa chokongola, chonyezimira ngati mphaka, kapena mwatsala pang'ono kukhala chimodzi, sizingakhale zovuta kuti mudziwe za zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa osati zovuta za kusamalira nyama, momwe amasamalirira, komanso matenda omwe angathe. Munkhaniyi tikambirana za matenda ofala kwambiri amphaka amphaka - calcivirosis. Ndi kufunikira kochezera veterinor panthawi, komanso katemera.
Zimayambitsa matenda
Calcivirosis ndi matenda amtundu wambiri omwe amakhudza banja lokha lokha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sitingafalikire kwa anthu kapena nyama zina, koma titha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa kwa mphaka womwewo, kuyambira kutupa mafupa mpaka chibayo ndi kufa.
Matendawa ndi owopsa makamaka ngati sanapezeke munthawi yake, ndiye kuti, koyambirira.
Calicivirus, kapena feline calicivirus, ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Feline calicivirus. Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi otsika ndi kutentha, bwino bwino mu chinyezi zinthu. M'nyengo yadzuwa, imatha kugwira ntchito mpaka masiku atatu, kutentha kotentha - kuyambira -3 ° C mpaka + 10 ° C, imakhalabe yogwira mpaka masiku khumi. Mankhwala ambiri opatsirana alibe mphamvu polimbana nawo, ndipo kufalikira kwake kumatha kukhala kwakukulu ngati nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ikumana ndi anthu ena.
Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kuyetsemula, kutentha thupi, kutuluka kwaminyewa mopitirira muyeso, ndi zilonda zam'mimba ndi matuza am'mimba ndi lilime. Matendawa, mwatsoka, amapezeka kwambiri pagulu la nyama. Ndipo zovuta zake mu 30% - 40% ya milandu zimayambitsa matenda opuma. Ndipo ngakhale amphaka omwe agonjetsa calcivirosis ali pachiwopsezo chotsalira chonyamula ndi omwe angatenge kachilomboka moyo wonse.
Mphaka wathanzi amatha kutenga kachilombo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba ndi kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyama yodwala. Vuto ndiloti kumayambiliro kapena munthawi yabata, eni ake sangadziwe kuti mphaka akudwala. Chifukwa chake, chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo chimakula mukamapita kuzipatala za ziweto, malo ogulitsira zinyama, komanso kutenga nawo mbali nyama mukamakwatira. Ngakhale zisanachitike zizindikiro zowoneka ngati kupopera ndi ntchofu zambiri kuchokera m'mphuno ndi mkamwa, malovu ali kale ndi kachilombo ndipo amatha kufalikira ndi kuyetsemula.
Matendawa ndiwothekanso kudzera munjira zosakhudzana mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito mabokosi onyamula zinyalala, mbale zolowa m'madzi, zisa, ndi zina za feline. Zovuta zoterezi zimatha kuchitika m'malo ogona kapena ku hotelo yanyama, komanso kunyumba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nyama zikuyenda mumsewu. Kapena wokhalamo watsopano wamadzi amabweretsedwa mnyumbamo, ngakhale alibe zikwangwani zooneka. Njira yodzitetezera pakadali pano idzakhala yaukhondo ndi mpweya wokwanira mchipindacho, komanso kuwunikira kwakukulu kwa anthu okhala m'derali omwe ali kutali ndi amphaka ena masiku 5-7.
Amphaka ati omwe ali pachiwopsezo
Gwero lalikulu la kufalitsa matenda a calcivirosis ndikulumikizana mwachindunji ndi amphaka kapena odwala kachilomboka, chifukwa imafalikira kudzera malovu ndi ndowe, ngakhale zili zochepa.
Njira yodziwika kwambiri yotengera matendawa ndi kukhudzana ndi nyama yodwala kapena zinthu zapakhomo. M'maseŵera, thireyi kapena pogona, kachilomboka kangapitirire kwa masiku 28, bola pakakhala chitonthozo chokwanira, chinyezi.
Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choncho nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi chitetezo chofooka zimagwera m'gulu lalikulu. Awa ndi amphaka, amphaka oponderezedwa komanso amphaka akale, komanso "anthu" omasuka akuyenda mosalamulirika mumsewu. Palinso chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka nyama zoperewera zakudya m'thupi zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wawo. Mwachitsanzo, kukhala m'malo ozizira, onyowa ndi kudyetsa mosalekeza komanso kupsinjika pafupipafupi.
Komabe, membala wina aliyense wabanja lachikazi ali ndi mwayi wotenga kachilomboka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukayezetsa nthawi yake kuchipatala ndi veterinarian ndi katemera wa calcivirosis kuti muteteze matenda.
Zizindikiro za calcivirosis mu amphaka
Calicivirus (FCV) ndi mtundu wa chimfine. Chifukwa chake, chimawoneka ngati matenda opatsirana opweteka omwe amakhudza kapangidwe kapamwamba ka paka, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa sinusitis ndi rhinitis. Kachilomboka kamalowa mthupi la nyama kudzera mkamwa kapena mphuno, kamatsalira muminyewa ya lymphoid yomwe imayang'ana pamwamba pa pharynx. Umu ndi momwe zingakhudzire mapapu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa chibayo. Ndi za banja la Caliciviridae, mtundu wa Vesivirus.
Monga mitundu yambiri ya fuluwenza, calicivirus imadziwika ndi nyama m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro zakuthupi za nyama zimathandizanso, msinkhu ndi mphamvu zachitetezo. Chithunzi chachipatala chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Nthawi zambiri, amphaka amatha kufa opanda zizindikilo.
Pa gawo loyamba la matenda, kufooka pang'ono kokha kumawonekera. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kukana kudya, kusamalira, kufooka, kutentha thupi (ngati nyama zazikulu zili ndi chitetezo champhamvu, zosafunikira - mwa 1-2 °, ndi tiana to 40 °). Vutoli limatha kutsagana ndi kusanza kosowa, komanso kovuta, kapena kusapezeka kwake. Ichi ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa.
Chifukwa panthawi yomwe pamafunika chithandizo champhamvu, matendawa ndiosatheka kuzindikira kapena kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi matenda ena. Zizindikiro mu 2-3 yoyamba ndizofanana ndi poyizoni wazakudya, chimfine, kapena zilonda zozizira.
Chizindikiro chotsimikizika kwambiri cha kusapezeka kwa labotale ndi kupezeka kwa zilonda zam'kamwa.
Komanso, matendawa amatsagana ndi kutsitsa kwam'madzi, ntchofu kuchokera mphuno, mawonekedwe a conjunctivitis, komanso kukhumudwa kwakukulu.
Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kachilombo mthupi angayambitse chibayo kapena nyamakazi, koma, mwamwayi, nthawi zina. Mitundu ina imayambitsa malungo ndikutsalira pambuyo pake. Ululu ndi zilonda mkamwa kungayambitse kukana chakudya ndi madzi.
Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pakati pa masiku 2 ndi 10 mutadwala.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa kachilomboka kumatenga milungu inayi, pambuyo pake amphaka ambiri amachira, ngakhale kuti kusintha kwa matendawa kukhala chonyamula moyo wathanzi nthawi zonse, i.e. osatha. Pafupifupi amphaka 80% amasiya kufalitsa kachilomboka patatha masiku 75 atachira. Otsala 20% amakhalabe onyamula athanzi kwazaka zambiri, kapena ngakhale moyo wawo wonse.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mtundu wowopsa kwambiri komanso wowopsa wa kachilomboka kotchedwa VS-FCV wapezeka. Zizindikiro zake ndizophatikiza ndi zomwe zatchulidwa kale:
- jaundice (chikasu chachikopa);
- kutupa kwa nkhope ndi miyendo;
- kuoneka zilonda pa ziyangoyango za mawondo, mphuno ndi makutu;
- kutayika tsitsi;
- mawonekedwe a gingivitis kapena stomatitis.
Ngati chiweto sichilandila munthawi yake chithandizo, kachilomboka kangayambitse impso ngakhale kufa kumene.
Zizindikiro zambiri zimapereka chithunzi chosamveka bwino, ndipo zilonda ndi zotupa mkamwa zokha ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azindikire bwino. Ndikofunikanso kuchita maphunziro a labotale, omwe amachitika pazikhalidwe za mitundu yazinyama yomwe yatengedwa pakamwa ndi nasopharynx.
Zithandizo zapakhomo ndi zithandizo sizigwira ntchito pochiza matendawa. Matenda opatsirana amphaka siosavuta kuwawona ndikuwazindikira. Chifukwa chake, pakuwoneka kukayika pang'ono kapena matenda munyama, muyenera kupita mwachangu kwa veterinarian. Ndi katswiri yekhayo amene ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso chidziwitso chofunikira chodziwitsa ndikuchotsa matendawa. Koma njira yoyamba yochepetsera chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo kapena kuchira ndiyo kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu.
Diagnostics ndi chithandizo
Pambuyo kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa kachilomboka ndikuzindikiritsa kupsyinjika kwake, ayenera kulandira chithandizo chokwanira nthawi yomweyo. Palibe mankhwala enieni omwe amatsimikiziridwa kuti awononga kachilomboka. Koma pali mankhwala angapo omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchiritsa mwachizolowezi komanso kuthandizira chitetezo cha mthupi nthawi yonseyi. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa, komanso kupewa zovuta zomwe zingachitike.
Kutsekemera kokwanira ndikofunikanso. Chifukwa chake, ngati chinyama chikukana kumwa chokha, mwachitsanzo, amapatsidwa mankhwala enaake. Kupanda kutero, amphaka omwe amakhudzidwa ndi calcivirosis amalandiridwa kuti ateteze kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi ndikudzaza thupi ndi michere yofunikira. Pofuna kupewa kuphatikizika kwa matenda achiwiri, kupezeka kosalamulirika kwa maantibayotiki kuyenera kupewedwa. Chithandizo champhamvu komanso chanthawi yayitali chimakhala chopambana, ngakhale kuli kotheka kufa.
Pofuna kuthana ndi zotsatira za matenda, ndikofunikira kuti mupereke mankhwala oyenera antiviral. Dokotala amakupatsani maantibayotiki kuchokera kuchipatala cha zovuta zomwe zilipo kale. Pamodzi ndi mankhwalawa, kugwiritsa ntchito antihistamines kukuwonetsedwa, komwe kumalepheretsa kusagwirizana, komanso kuthandizira kuthetsa kutukusira kwa kupuma.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizofunikanso. Ngati mphaka akukana kudya chifukwa cha ululu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timupatse chakudya chofewa, chonyowa komanso chonunkhira. Kupanda kutero, muyenera kugwiritsira ntchito kudyetsa syringe. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nkofunika kusamala kuti musavulaze makoma am'mimbamo komanso osayambitsa kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe am'mphaka, zomwe zimasokoneza chitetezo chamthupi - mdani wamkulu wamatenda.
Pankhani ya conjunctivitis kapena kutuluka kwamatenda ambiri m'matumbo, amayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndikukonzedwa. Adotolo athandizira kudziwa mankhwalawo, kutengera chithunzi chachipatala komanso zofuna za eni ake. Komanso, kupha tizilombo m'nthawi yake kumathandiza kupewa kupezeka kwa matenda a bakiteriya. Kupatula apo, kutentha ndi chinyezi ndizogwirizana kwambiri pakukula kwa mabakiteriya a pathogenic.
Mukamalandira chithandizo, mikhalidwe ya nyama ndiyofunikanso. Mphaka wodwala ayenera kutalikirana ndi ziweto zina ndikukhala m'malo abwino, owuma okhala ndi mpweya wabwino kapena mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse.
Komanso, sizingakhale zopanda phindu kuchita kafukufuku wowonjezera pa matenda monga leukemia ndi immunodefficiency. Chifukwa matendawa amachepetsa chitetezo chamthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulumikizira matenda amtundu uliwonse.
Ngakhale zili ndi zambiri komanso kupezeka kwa mabuku pa intaneti, simuyenera kudzichitira nokha matendawa. Zinthu zamtunduwu zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri. Ndipo ngati ziweto zikuwoneka zosasangalatsa, ndikofunikira kuti musonyeze adotolo.
Zovuta zotheka
Calcivirosis imakhudza nyama zopanda chitetezo. Kufooka kwa chitetezo cha thupi, matendawa amakhala ovuta kwambiri, ziwalo zambiri zimavutika ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zowononga kwambiri.
Matendawa angakhudze dongosolo lam'mimba, kupuma, minofu, kapena kuwonekera pazilonda zam'maso. M'malo mwake, izi zimawonetsedwa mopunduka, kutupa mafupa, zilonda zam'mimba, kukula kwa rhinitis kapena chibayo.
Chibayo ndimavuto owopsa a calcivirosis, kupatula imfa.
Zotsatira za calcivirosis kwa mphaka
Amphaka okhudzidwa amakhala ndi parvovirus, yomwe imafalikira kudzera m'mphuno ndi m'kamwa mwa mucosa kapena kudzera mu placenta m'mimba kuchokera kwa mayi mpaka mphaka. Pambuyo pa matenda, imalowa m'kati mwa selo, momwe imachulukirachulukira mwachangu. Zitha kutenga masiku awiri kapena khumi matenda asanayambike. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa maselo am'mimba, mafupa ndi ma lymphatic system, amachokera m'thupi ngati ndowe, kutuluka m'mphuno ndi mkodzo. Kachilomboka kamaganiziridwa kuti kamagonjetsedwa kwambiri komanso kamafala, ndipo kamatha kukhala mthupi la nyama mpaka moyo wake wonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, feline calicivirus ndimatenda opatsirana omwe amatha kusintha mosavuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amasintha, kusinthasintha chilengedwe, potero amakhala osatetezeka kumankhwala amomwemo. Kusintha kumeneku kwapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zambiri zamatenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira ndi kuchiza.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri, ngakhale amphaka omwe ali ndi katemera wa matendawa amatha kutenga kachilomboka, makamaka chifukwa chakuti kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kusintha. Inde, katemera amachepetsa kwambiri mwayi, ndichifukwa chake amawerengedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka. Zidzakhalanso zosavuta kuti nyama yolandira katemera yolimbana ndi matendawa.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Calcivirosis sakupatsirana kwa anthu kapena nyama ina iliyonse kupatula feline. Chifukwa chake, ndizabwino kwambiri kwa iwo.
Njira zodzitetezera
Ngakhale kulimbana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, katemera wa panthawi yake ndi njira yodzitetezera. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa amphaka omwe chitetezo chawo sichitha kulimbana ndi matendawa. Lolani izi zisateteze kumatenda ndi 100%, koma zithandizira kupititsa matendawo mosavuta.
Tisaiwale za kufalikira kwa kachilomboka. Ngati mungaganize zokhala ndi mphaka yosochera, iyenera kukhala yokhayokha m'chipindacho ndi nyama zina mpaka mayeso a labotale atachitika. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndikwanira kudikirira nthawi yoyeserera.
Amphaka omwe ali ndi matenda a feline calicivirus ayenera kulekanitsidwa ndi enawo kuti apewe mliri. Nyama iliyonse yodwala iyenera kukhala ndi mbale yake, thireyi ndi zinthu zina zaukhondo. Zinthu zapakhomo za mphaka wodwala ziyenera kuthiriridwa mankhwala nthawi zonse ndi mankhwala ogwira ntchito koma otetezeka kwa nyama yomwe.
Mukakhudzana ndi chiweto chodwala, sinthani zovala ndikusamba m'manja bwinobwino. Choyamba, kachilomboka kudzera m'manja odetsedwa ndi mamina kumatha kufikira ziweto zina za abambo, ndipo chachiwiri, kumatha kutenga matenda a bakiteriya omwe alowa. Mwachitsanzo, stomatitis, ndi zina.
Chipinda chotsekera chikuyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira kapena kuperekera mpweya wabwino, chinyezi chochepa komanso kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino. Kuyeretsa konyowa nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Ukhondo wokhazikika umathandiza kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda.
Katemera ndi wofunikira pachitetezo cha ziweto zanu. Mwanjira yosavuta iyi, mutha kupewa matenda, omwe ndi ma virus komanso bakiteriya, omwe nthawi zina amapha. Katemerayu amathandizira kupanga ma antibodies apadera kuti athane ndi matenda, amachepetsa mwayi wopezeka ndi matenda kapena kuwonjezera mwayi wochira.
Katemera amapangidwa kuti athandize chitetezo cha mthupi kuthana ndi matenda mwa kuperekera gawo laling'ono la anti-virus, mabakiteriya, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakubweretsa mankhwalawa osagwira ntchito kapena osagwira ntchito, thupi limayamba kupanga ma antibodies - zinthu zodzitchinjiriza zofunika kuthana ndi matendawa.
Katemera woyamba ayenera kuperekedwa atasiya kuyamwa, pamene mphaka ali ndi miyezi iwiri. Katemera wotsatira amafunika mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo pake, amphaka amatetezedwa kwa chaka chimodzi.Kuti mupitirize kupereka chitetezo, m'pofunika kubwereza katemera m'zaka zapakati pa 1-3.
Pofika nyengo mpaka miyezi 2, palibe chifukwa chodandaula. Ana omwe akuyamwitsidwa amalandila ma antibodies omwewo kuchokera ku thupi la mayi ndi mkaka.
Amphaka opanda katemera amakhala ndi kachilombo kuposa nyama zomwe zimalandira katemera wapachaka. Kukayikira kwa matenda a calcivirosis kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa kwa chopondapo kapena kuyesa kwapadera kwa DNA. Komanso kupezeka kwa ma antibodies kumatha kupezeka m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesedwa kwamatumbo ang'onoang'ono, mapapo, impso, ndi ndulu kumatha kukupatsani chidaliro.
Amphaka omwe amapezeka ndi kuthandizidwa munthawi yake amakhala ndi mwayi wopezanso bwino. Zizindikiro zoyamba zimawoneka poyang'anitsitsa nyamayo. Pakakhala kusintha kosazolowereka pamakhalidwe, muyenera kulumikizana ndi veterinarian wanu.
Kukhala tcheru kumatenda ndikofunikira! Kuchiritsa bwino nyama ngakhale mpaka milungu 6-23, kapena ngakhale moyo wonse, akhoza kukhala onyamula otetezeka komanso omwe angathe kufalitsa kachilomboka. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupatula nyamayo, ndipo ikatha nthawi yothandizira, ikani mayeso oyenera a labotale kuti mutsimikizire kuti yachiritsidwa.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti simungathe kunyamula chiweto nokha. Khalidwe losazolowereka limatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda akulu, omwe chithandizo chofunikira ndichachangu. Pochiza ndi kupewa, chiwetochi chiyenera kupatsidwa chikondi ndi chisamaliro, popeza kupsinjika ndiye gwero lalikulu lakutetezera chitetezo, chida choyamba chothana ndi calcivirosis.
