Kusunga zachilengedwe kumaphatikizaponso njira zingapo zofunika kutetezera chilengedwe padzikoli. Chaka chilichonse, kuteteza zachilengedwe kumakhala kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chikhalidwe chake chikuwonongeka, ndipo Dziko lapansi likuvutika kwambiri ndi zochitika za anthropogenic. Zochita zachilengedwe cholinga chake ndi izi:
- kuteteza mitundu ya zomera ndi zinyama, komanso kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu;
- kuyeretsedwa kwa madamu;
- kuteteza nkhalango;
- kuyeretsa kwa mlengalenga;
- kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana azachilengedwe komanso apadziko lonse.
Zochitika zachilengedwe
Pofuna kuteteza zachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi vutoli munjira yophatikizira. Sayansi yachilengedwe, yoyang'anira ndi yazamalamulo, zachuma ndi zochitika zina zimachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Izi zimachitika pamagawo atatu: mayiko, mayiko ndi zigawo.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zochitika zachilengedwe zakhazikitsidwa mu 1868 ku Austria-Hungary, komwe a Tatras anali otetezedwa ndi nyamazi ndi chamois. Paki yamtunduwu kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri idapangidwa ku United States of America mu 1872. Iyi ndi Yellowstone Park. Izi zidatengedwa, popeza ngakhale pamenepo anthu amamvetsetsa kuti kusintha kwachilengedwe kumatha kubweretsa osati pang'ono, komanso kuwonongekera kwathunthu kwa zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi.
Ponena za Russia, njira zonse zotetezedwa ndikusunga zachilengedwe zimachitika motsatira lamulo "Pa zachilengedwe", kuyambira 1991. M'madera ambiri ndi zigawo za Russian Federation (Far East, Saratov, Volgograd, Cherepovets, Yaroslavl, madera a Nizhny Novgorod, ndi zina zambiri), maofesi a woimira zachilengedwe akupangidwa.
Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi woteteza chilengedwe umachitika ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi mu 1948 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) idapangidwa. Chofunikira kwambiri pakusunga mitundu ndi mitundu ya anthu zimapangidwa ndi "Red Book". Mndandanda woterewu umasindikizidwa kumayiko ndi zigawo, ndipo palinso mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. UN imayang'anira zochitika zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi pokonza misonkhano ingapo ndikupanga mabungwe apadera.
Njira zazikuluzikulu zotetezera zachilengedwe, zomwe zikuchitika m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi, ndi izi:
- Kuchepetsa mpweya m'mlengalenga ndi hydrosphere;
- Kuchepetsa kusaka nyama ndi kugwira nsomba;
- kuchepetsa kutaya zinyalala;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osungira, malo osungira ndi malo osungira nyama.
Zotsatira
Sikuti mayiko onse amatenga nawo gawo poteteza zachilengedwe, komanso mabungwe amitundu yonse komanso ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, anthu amaiwala kuti kuteteza zachilengedwe kumadalira aliyense wa ife, ndipo timatha kuteteza chilengedwe ku chiwonongeko ndi chiwonongeko.
