Quark yayikulu - nsomba yayikulu komanso yolimba ya mitundu yopangidwa ndi ray komanso kayendedwe ka kavalo mackerel. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, ma quranks nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mackerel wamkulu wamahatchi, chifukwa ndi ofanana ndi nsomba iyi yamalonda powoneka komanso nyama, koma imaposa kukula kwake. Koma carax yayikulu sikuti imangosiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwapadera, komanso ndi mphamvu yayikulu, komanso machitidwe amachitidwe omwe amasintha kangapo m'moyo. M'nkhaniyi, tikukuwuzani mwatsatanetsatane za quark yayikulu, momwe amakhalira, zakudya zake komanso kubereka kwake.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kupatulira kwakukulu
Titha kunena kuti Caranx ndi imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe zisanachitike chigumula zomwe, zomwe sizinasinthe kwenikweni, zatsikira kwa ife kuyambira nthawi ya ma dinosaurs. Asayansi-ichthyology amati caranx wamkulu, monga mtundu, adapangidwa pafupifupi zaka 60 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo sanasinthe kuyambira pamenepo.
Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza mafupa a caranx m'malo otsalira, akuya mamita 8, omwe amafanana ndi nthawi ya Cretaceous. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zotsalira zomwe zidasungidwa zidapezeka mmbuyo mu 1801 ndipo kuyambira pamenepo zopezazi zakhala zikupezeka kawirikawiri. Masiku ano, nsombazi zidafotokozedwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 19 ndipo zidadziwika mu ntchito yamagulu angapo ya Carl Linnaeus. Ndiyenera kunena, ngakhale zaka 200 zapitazi, nsomba sizinasinthe konse ndipo chifukwa chake malongosoledwe ake siachikale konse.
Kanema: Kupatsirana kwakukulu
Mbali yapadera ya kalavani yayikuluyo ndi thupi lake lathyathyathya komanso lopingasa. Kuphatikiza apo, notch yapadera kumbuyo, komwe zipsepse ziwiri zakumtunda zimachotsedwa, imatha kuonedwa ngati kusiyana ndi nsomba zina. Nsomba zawo zimachotsa (kapena kutulutsa) kutengera mphamvu yakunyanja kapena panthawi yosaka, pakufunika kuyendetsa mwachangu.
Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa karax ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70-80, ndipo kulemera kwake kumasintha mozungulira makilogalamu 30. Kukula kwakukulu kwa nsomba zomwe zinagwidwa kunali masentimita 124, ndipo kulemera kwake kunaposa 65 kilogalamu. Ngakhale kuti caranx ndi yayikulu kukula, ndi nsomba yosaya madzi ndipo siyimira m'madzi opitilira 100, ikukonda kukhala pamtunda wa 20-30 mita.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chotsekera chachikulu chikuwoneka bwanji
Ngati zinthu zapadera monga zipsepse zotsitsika ndi thupi lokhalitsa ndizofala m'ma karaxes onse, mawonekedwewo amasintha kutengera mtundu wa nsomba.
Pakadali pano pali mitundu 16 ya ma quranks, koma atatu okha ndi omwe akuyenera kutchulidwa mwapadera, chifukwa ndi omwe amadziwika bwino.
- Golide caranx. Mwa mawonekedwe ake, ndi nsomba yapakatikati. Kutalika kwake sikupitilira masentimita 40, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kopitilira 3 kilogalamu. M'makhalidwe ndi moyo wake, sizosiyana ndi mitundu yonseyo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi utoto wake wowala wagolide, womwe umapangitsa kuti nsombayi ikhale yothandiza kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, caranx wagolide nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'madzi, chifukwa ndi nsomba yokongola, yaying'ono komanso yosadzichepetsa.
- Kutsekedwa kwa Senegal. Membala wocheperako m'banjamo. Monga momwe mungaganizire kuchokera ku dzinalo, nsombayi imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Senegal. Kukula kwa thupi lake kuli pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira 1.5 kilogalamu. Zodziwika bwino za mitunduyi ndikuphatikizanso kuti thupi la a Senegal a Caranx ndilolimba kwambiri kuchokera mbali. Mutu uli ndi mawonekedwe amakona atatu. Mosiyana ndi ma karavani ena onse, a ku Senegal ali m'gulu la nsomba zamasukulu.
- Kutsekedwa kwanjira zisanu ndi chimodzi. Nsomba zapakatikati. Monga lamulo, kutalika kwa thupi la karaxyi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 35-40, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira ma kilogalamu asanu. Chodziwika bwino cha nsombayi ndi mtundu wachilendo, mikwingwirima itatu mbali iliyonse. Mwakuwoneka, ma caranx asanu ndi amodzi amafanana kwambiri ndi barbus ya aquarium.
Kodi caranx wamkulu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Caranx
Caranx amangokhalira m'nyanja zotentha komanso m'nyanja zotentha. Chifukwa chake, ku Russia nsomba iyi siyidziwika, ndipo ngakhale m'malesitilanti ndi chakudya chosowa. Ambiri mwa caraxa amakhala ku Red Sea, kumadzulo kwa Atlantic Ocean komanso pagombe la Africa.
M'mayiko monga Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines ndi Malaysia, quaranx amadziwika kuti ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino, popeza asodzi am'mayiko amenewa amasodza nsomba iyi pamalonda. Koma m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Senegal, kusodza nsomba iyi ndiyochepa kwambiri, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya caranx siyokulirapo ndipo samawonedwa ngati mtundu wofunikira wosodza.
Chikhalidwe china chofunikira pakokhalamo kavalo ndichakuya kwabwino. Nsombazi sizikwera pamwamba pa mita 5 kuchokera pamwamba, komanso sizigwera pansi pa 100. Amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pamamita 30-50, pomwe amakhala omasuka. Kuphatikiza apo, nsombazi zimakonda kukhala m'madambo opanda phokoso, pomwe kulibe mafunde akuluakulu ndipo nyanja imakhala bata nthawi zonse. Samasunthira patali ndi gombe, posankha kusaka m'madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja.
Anthu okhala kuzilumba za Hawaii ali ndi ubale wapadera ndi Great Caranx. Amamuona ngati msodzi wankhondo, yemwe aliyense sangawope. Kwa nthawi yayitali, karanx imayimira mphamvu zamphongo ndi kulimba mtima, ndipo azimayi anali oletsedwa kudya nyama ya nsombayi.
Kodi kupatula kwake kumadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Giant Caranx
Tiyenera kunena kuti carapace yayikulu ndi nyama yolusa. Amakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri munyanja yotentha, yachiwiri pambuyo pa nsombazi ndi mbewa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati nsombazi zili zosungulumwa ndikusaka payokha, ndiye kuti karavuni ndi nsomba yakusukulu. Pakadali pano, ndi caranx yayikulu yomwe imapanga 75% ya nsomba zonse zodya nyama ku Gulf of Mexico ndi gawo lakumadzulo kwa Atlantic Ocean. Zakudya zazikulu za karax ndi nsomba ina yomwe ndi yotsika kwa iwo kukula. Komanso, amasaka mofanana zilombo zolusa zonse komanso nsomba zowononga nyama.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma quark amadyedwa:
- nkhono;
- nkhono;
- mamazelo;
- nkhanu;
- nyanja zam'nyanja.
Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zazikulu zimatha kusaka ma dolphin achichepere komanso akamba achichepere, omwe chipolopolo chawo sichidaumitsidwe kwathunthu. Njira yosaka nsombazi ndiyosangalatsanso. Ngati ndi kotheka, amalumikizana mosavuta m'masukulu akuluakulu a anthu 300-500 ndipo amatha kuyendetsa nsomba zazikulu. Komanso, kusaka ma quranks sikusokoneza. Pali olamulira pagulu omwe amayang'anira kusaka ndikuyang'anira gululo.
Ndi njira imeneyi, nsomba zazikulu zimakhala ngati alenje, ndipo ma qurank ang'onoang'ono amagwira ntchito ngati omenya. Ndi njira imeneyi, nyamayo ilibe mwayi woti ithawireko, ndipo nsombazo zatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pali nthawi zina pomwe magulu akulu amisala adapha ngakhale dolphin ndikupha nyama zazing'ono. Monga mwalamulo, ma cranks amasaka nthawi yamadzulo, kusanade, ndipo masana amakonda kugona mozama.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Daimondi Quarx
Mbali yapadera ya carax yayikulu monga mtundu ndikuti machitidwe ake amasintha kangapo m'moyo wake. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, nsombazi zimakhamukira m'masukulu akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake, sizophweka chabe kwa iwo kusaka ndi kupeza chakudya, komanso ndizosavuta kutetezera kuzilombo zazikulu. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti gulu lalikulu la Caranx lidakwanitsa kuthana ndi anyalugwe.
Pakusaka pagulu, magulu apaulendo akulu amawonetsa kulumikizana. Nsomba zimagawidwa kukhala alenje ndi omenya, ndipo sizisiya mpata wawo mwai uliwonse. Komabe, atsogoleri apaketi samasamala za mamembala ake onse. Aliyense amayesa kulanda nyama zambiri momwe zingathere ndipo zimachitika kuti anthu ochepa amakhala ndi njala. Pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu, caranx yayikulu imakonda kusaka yokha. Nsombazo zimakula kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupirira pafupifupi nyama iliyonse payokha.
Caranx wamkulu, monga chilombo chilichonse, ili ndi gawo lake. Monga lamulo, nsomba zimasankha malo osakira okha m'madzi ndi utali wamakilomita angapo. Izi ndizokwanira kuti nsomba yayikulu yodya nyama idye. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a masomphenya, caranx yayikulu imawona bwino nthawi yamadzulo ndikupita kukasaka kukayamba madzulo. Kukhazikikako kumakhala kotentha kwambiri ndipo kumatsika pakati pausiku.
Chosangalatsa: Mwachilengedwe chake, caranx yayikulu ndi nsomba yankhanza kwambiri yomwe imalekerera alendo m'deralo ndikuukira zamoyo zina zam'madzi zomwe ndizocheperako.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kupatulira kwakukulu
Mu nsomba zamtundu uwu, mawonekedwe azakugonana amapezeka. Amawonetsedwa mu mtundu wa quranks. Amuna amakhala amdima wakuda kapena wakuda, pomwe akazi amakhala owala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, palibe zovuta pakudziwitsa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kubereka kwa karax yayikulu kumadalira kwathunthu kutentha kwa madzi. Ndiyenera kunena kuti nsombayi ndiyotentha kwambiri, ndipo ngati madzi am'nyanja ndi ozizira pang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira, ndiye kuti karax ikhoza kudumpha mizere ingapo yonse yoswana.
M'mikhalidwe yanyengo yabwino, nsombayi imatha kuikira mazira katatu pachaka. Kutentha kwamadzi pang'ono, caranx imangobereka ana kamodzi pachaka. Makolo ochokera ku quark yayikulu siofunikira. Akazi amaikira mazira mamiliyoni angapo, amuna amawathira. M'tsogolomu, sasamala za tsogolo la mwanayo ndipo mwachangu adzasiyidwa okha. Pafupifupi 80% ya mazira onse ndi mwachangu amafa m'masabata oyamba amoyo. Ndi chakudya cha nsomba zambiri komanso zamoyo zam'madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amadya ndi plankton.
Mwachangu atakula ndikutha kusambira m'mbali yamadzi mwawokha, osati molamulidwa ndi pano, amayesa kubisala nyama zolusa mumthunzi wa jellyfish kapena malo amadzi amiyala yamchere, pomwe nyama zowopsa sizipezeka. Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3, achichepere amayamba kusochera pagulu kuti azisaka moyenera ndikudzitchinjiriza kwa adani akuluakulu. Pakadali pano pamwezi wachisanu ndi chitatu wamoyo, ma quranks amakula kwambiri ndipo amadziperekanso pachiwopsezo ku nsomba zambiri m'malo otentha.
Adani achilengedwe a quark yayikulu
Chithunzi: Chotsekera chachikulu chikuwoneka bwanji
Carax yayikulu ilibe adani ambiri achilengedwe. Nsomba iyi ndi imodzi mwamalo otsogola kwambiri pagulu lazakudya munyanja zotentha. Ndi nsombazi ndi ma moray okha omwe amatha kusaka ma quranks apakatikati, ndipo ngakhale nyama zobadwira izi sizowopsezedwa ndi nsomba zazikulu. Choopsa chachikulu chikuwopseza kuti munthu atha kufa kwaokha. Mwachangu, makamaka mazirawo, alibe chitetezo chokwanira, popeza makolo samasamala za tsogolo la mwanayo.
Mazira a Caranx amayenda limodzi ndi plankton, ndipo amadyedwa ndi onse okhala munyanja omwe amadya plankton. Mwachangu atha kupeweratu nyama zolusa, koma kwakukulukulu amakhalanso opanda chitetezo pakuwukiridwa. Amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi nyumba zachilengedwe, mapiri ndi miyala yamchere yamchere. Kuphatikiza apo, mwachangu caranx amabisala mumthunzi wa nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zazikulu.
Anthu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kupatsirana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba iyi ndi nsomba zamalonda ndipo imagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma trawls, komanso ndodo zopota ndi ndodo zophera nsomba. Ku Hawaii ndi Thailand, kuli maulendo apadera osodza, komwe alendo amapatsidwa mwayi wogwira buluu wamtambo ndi gulu lalikulu ndikumva momwe nyamayi ilili yolimba. Koma kuipitsa madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja kumawopseza nsomba zazikulu komanso mwachangu. Madzi oyipitsa amapha kapena kuvulaza kwambiri nsomba ndipo amalepheretsa mwachangu kukula.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Royal Quarantine
Ngakhale kuti chaka chonse kuli nsomba zamakampani zazikuluzikulu, nsomba sizili pangozi. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo, pali anthu opitilila biliyoni a quark, ndipo chaka chilichonse anthu amakhalabe ofanana. Kuyambira mu 2015, akuluakulu aku Thailand ndi Indonesia adakhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa nsomba izi, zomwe zidalola kuti anthu aku quranks abwezeretsedwe. Akukonzekera kuti kuyambira 2020 kuchuluka kwa asodzi kukwezedwa, ndipo izi zipulumutsa dera lamadzi ku Gulf of Thailand kwa adani ambiri.
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kupatula ngati mtundu winawake kudayambitsidwa ndi kutayika kwa mafuta ku Gulf of Mexico. Pakadutsa theka la chaka, nsomba zidatsika ndi 10%, zomwe zidawopseza anthu. Komabe, kutseguka kwa chitsime chamadzi akuya kudawononga zamoyo zonse zomwe zikukhala pagombe. Kuphatikiza pa malo okhala achilengedwe, apaulendo amakula bwino m'madzi ozungulira padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri, mumatha kupeza magulu apaulendo agolide kapena diamondi pamenepo. Nsombazi zimakhala ndi mitundu yokongola ndipo ndizosangalatsa m'maso.
Caranx imaswana bwino m'malo opangira, ndipo kupezeka kwa zoopsa komanso adani achilengedwe kumathandizira kwambiri kuti mbeuyo ipulumuke. Monga momwe tawonetsera, m'madamu opangira, motsogozedwa ndi anthu, mpaka 95% ya mwachangu atha kupulumuka. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa gulu lalikulu la alendo sikukuwopsezedwa, ndipo nsomba iyi ikadali mtundu wamalonda wofunikira m'nyanja zotentha ndi m'nyanja.
Quark yayikulu - chilombo yogwira, koma sizimapangitsa kukhala kocheperako komanso kosangalatsa m'madzi akuya. Imeneyi ndi nsomba zamalonda zamalonda zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimakumbukira za nsomba zamtchire zomwe zimakonda kwambiri, ndipo zimagulitsidwa m'malo onse odyera nsomba m'maiko otentha komanso kuzilumba zakunja.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: 01/20/2020
Idasinthidwa: 04.10.2019 pa 22:22
