Tonse tazolowera kuti ngati ndi gwape, ndiye kuti iyenera kukhala ndi mphalapala zanthambi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasakidwa ndi osaka nyama. Koma nyama zimatha kubweretsa zodabwitsa, ndipo ofufuza akhala otsimikiza za izi kalekale. Izi zikhoza kumveka ndi chitsanzo cha nswala zamadzi, zomwe zimasiyanitsa banja la agwape. Chifukwa chake amatchedwa chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala kumalo komwe kuli madzi ambiri. chani nswala zamadzi ndi chiyambi chake ndipo ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Madzi agwape
Mwa mitundu yonse ya agwape, mtundu uwu sunaphunzirepo kwenikweni.
Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:
- si nyama yofala kwambiri yomwe imangokhala m'dera linalake;
- nyama izi sizimakhala zamtundu umodzi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha kapena ziwiri;
- amatha kupezeka m'malo ovuta kufikako pomwe kumakhala kovuta kufikako;
- palibe nyama zambiri zotere zomwe zatsalira, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuphunzira kwawo.
Koma ngakhale chiyambi chenicheni cha nswala zamadzi sichikudziwika, ndibwino kunena kuti malo ake kuyambira nthawi zakale ndi dera la East China ndi Korea. Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya nyama iyi yonse. Anthu aku Siberia amadziwika kuti ndiofala kwambiri, koma nswala zamadzi ku Kashmir ndizosowa kwambiri.
Mwamaonekedwe, nswala yam'madzi imakumbutsa za mphalapala wamba. Ngakhale kukula kwake, sikugwira nswala iliyonse yamanyanga. Palibe anthu ochepa kwambiri anyamayi omwe atsala. Sizovuta kuziwona munyama zamtchire, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala usiku. Ndipo masana amakonda kupumula kwinakwake m'nkhalango. Ndi chodabwitsa chawo ndi chiyani, chifukwa asayansi amasiyanitsa nswala zamadzi monga mtundu wina?
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Madzi agwape
Ngakhale iyi ndi mbawala, imakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amapezeka mwa mitundu iyi yokha:
- kusowa kwa nyanga pamutu;
- kupezeka kwa mayini akuluakulu awiri;
- kukula pang'ono.
Gwape wamadzi alibe nyanga konse. Ndipo izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa achinyamata komanso amuna okhwima komanso akazi. Koma ali ndi mayini awiri omwe amatuluka pansi pa mlomo wapamwamba. Akuluakulu, amatha kufikira masentimita 8. Ndi okhota, omwe samathandiza kuti nyama idye udzu. Izi ndi njira zikuluzikulu zodzitetezera ku zolusa zosiyanasiyana, amene ali okwanira m'nkhalango zowirira.
Koma m'pofunika kulabadira kuti mayini amapezeka mwa amuna okhaokha, akazi alibe. Asayansi aphunzira kudziwa kutalika kwa nyamazi osati kutalika kwa maina okha, komanso ndi kupindika kwawo. Madzi agwape amatha kuwalamulira pogwiritsa ntchito minofu yake yakumaso.
Video: Madzi a Madzi
Ntchito yodyetsa ikamachitika, amabisala. Koma mbawala zikaona zoopsa, zimawonekera nthawi yomweyo ndikuimira chida chowopsa. Chifukwa cha ichi, chinyama chotere chinalandira dzina lina - nswala ya vampire.
Pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu yazachilengedwe zam'madzi:
- kutalika kwa thupi kungakhale kwa masentimita 80 mpaka 100;
- kutalika sikupitirira 50-55 cm;
- thupi ndi laling'ono, kawirikawiri makilogalamu 12-15;
- mchira ndi waung'ono, ungawonekere pokhapokha mutayang'anitsitsa.
Chovalacho ndi cha bulauni bulauni, ndipo khosi ndi mimba ndizopepuka. Chovalacho ndi chokhwima pang'ono mpaka kukhudza. Kukula kwake kumasintha kutengera nyengo. Nthawi zambiri mbawala zamadzi zimakhetsa nthawi yachilimwe, motero malaya amafupika. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kukazizira, thupi lanyama limaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wokulirapo komanso wopepuka. Ponena za malaya amkati, kulibe.
Maso a nswala zam'madzi sizikuluzikulu, komanso mdima. Ndipo mozungulira iwo pali mtundu wa kulira, chifukwa cha zomwe zimawoneka mochulukira. Makutu amawoneka akulu poyerekeza ndi mutu. Ndiyamika kwa iwo, nyama imamva bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa zoopsa nthawi. Miyendo yake siyokwera kokha, komanso ndi yopyapyala. Nyama imeneyi sikhala zaka zoposa 10-12. Ndipo mungampeze kuti komwe, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kwawo?
Kodi mbawala zam'madzi zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Madzi a ku China
Nthawi zambiri, nswala zamadzi zimapezeka ku Eastern China ndi Korea. Ngati ndi China, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri timakambirana madera akumpoto kwa Chigwa cha Yangtze. Koma posachedwa panali lipoti loti imodzi mwazinthu zazing'ono zam'madzi zimapezeka ku Afghanistan. Uwu ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa Kashmir. Ngakhale nyamayi idakhala kuno kale, sinakhalepo kuyambira 1948.
Gwape wamadzi sakonda kusintha malo ake, ndiye titha kunena kuti nyamazi sizimasuntha. Koma mothandizidwa ndi munthu, zinawonekera osati ku France ndi Australia kokha, komanso ku Britain. Yakhazikika pano, ngakhale nyengo ndiyosiyana, osati ku Korea. Komanso, ma artiodactyls awa nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo osungira nyama. Koma awa salinso malo achilengedwe.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri ku nswala zamadzi kuti dera lomwe limakhala ndilonyowa. Amakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, pomwe pali zitsamba zazikulu. Bango lalitali ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri. Koma nthawi zambiri amapita kukalima ndikubzala m'minda, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto akulu kwa alimi.
Kodi mbawala zam'madzi zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Madzi agwape
Mbawala zam'madzi, ngakhale zimawoneka zowopsa zikawonetsa mano ake awiri, sizinyama zolusa. Amangodya zakudya zamasamba zokha, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri mumtsinje wa Yangtze. Pali zambiri za iye pano nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Ndipo popeza kuti m'nyengo yozizira mdera lino simakhala ndi vuto lililonse pazomera, nyamayi siyesera kupita kulikonse.
Chilala sichovuta kwa agwape am'madzi. Ngati penapake m'mphepete mwa mtsinje muli chakudya chochepa, chinyama chimatha kusambira bwinobwino kupita kumalo ena kumene kuli zomera zambiri. Pali zilumba zing'onozing'ono zokutidwa ndi masamba mumtsinje wa Yangtze. Ngati ndi kotheka, nswala yamadzi imatha kufika kuno mosavuta.
Chokoma chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi udzu wokoma kwambiri ndi mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba. Koma ngati udzu suli wokwanira, ukhoza kupita ku masamba a mitengo. Gwape wamadzi amadyetsa ma sedge ndi mabango ochuluka kwambiri. Kwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana, nthawi ndi nthawi amagwiritsa ntchito bowa.
Mwachiwonekere, thupi la nyama iyi limafunikira zinthu zina, komanso mapuloteni. Nthawi ndi nthawi, imapanga minda yolimidwa, pomwe mpunga umakula. Idya chilichonse chomwe chimabwera panjira, osati namsongole osiyanasiyana, komanso chimanga. Chifukwa chake nyamayi imavulaza ulimi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama zam'madzi
Amuna ndi akazi amalumikizana kokha nthawi yayitali, kenako nkusiyananso. Mwachilengedwe, ndizosavuta kuti nyama yotere ikhale yokha. Komanso, pali malo ambiri okhala chakudya. Ndipo kulibe nyama zowopsa zambiri pano, chifukwa chake mutha kuzilimbana zokha.
Koma ngati ngozi ikuyandikira, nthawi zambiri gwape wamadzi amawonetsa chifukwa chake adakhala ndi dzina lotere, chifukwa amangobisala mosungira. Nyama izi zimasambira bwino kwambiri, nthawi imodzi, popanda kusiya gombe, zimatha kusambira makilomita angapo. Kubwera kumalo atsopano, mbawala zimayesetsa kudziwitsa madera ake nthawi yomweyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe wina aliyense amene ali ndi ufulu wolowa pano.
Amalemba magawo m'njira zingapo:
- mwa amuna, ma gland apadera amatha kupezeka pakati pa ziboda. Madzi amapangidwa kumeneko, omwe ali ndi fungo lamphamvu;
- mdera latsopanoli, nyama imayesetsa kuti izizungulira nthawi yonseyi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, sikuti ndimadzimadzi okhaokha omwe amakhala ndi fungo, koma nswala imangothyola udzu nthawi yomweyo;
- amaluma nthambi za mitengo, kenako nkuziyika m'malo osiyanasiyana mozungulira. Nyamayo iyenera kunyowetsa nthambi ndi malovu ake.
Zonsezi amapangira madzi kuti asonyeze kuti ili ndiye gawo lake, ndipo palibe wina aliyense amene ali ndi ufulu wolowa pano. Ndipo ngati nswala iliyonse ikaphwanya malire okhazikika, mwiniwake wa malowa, mosazengereza, nthawi yomweyo amayambitsa chida chake chowopsa ngati mano.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Madzi am'madzi ochokera ku China
Madzi am'madzi amayamba nthawi yozizira, mu Disembala. Izi zimathandiza kuti mwamuna ndi mkazi agwirizane pa nthawi ya "ukwati". Koma kukwatira sikuchitika mwakufuna kwaimuna, koma kwazimayi. Chifukwa chake matriarchy akulamulirabe pano. Mkazi amapanga kuwomba kapena kuimba malikhweru. Mwa ichi, akuwonetsa champhongo kuti tsopano ali wokonzeka kukwatira.
Koma mufunikiranso kumenyera mkaziyo, ayenera kugonjetsedwa. Chowonadi ndichakuti ndikudina kwake amangoyitanira mwamunayo. Ndipo ndi angati a iwo omwe adzathamange kuitana uku sakudziwika kale. Ayenera kuchita nawo mpikisano pakati pawo, womwe umasandulika nkhondo yeniyeni, kuphana. Wopambana m'modzi yekha ndi amene angalandire mphotho yamtengo wapatali chonchi.
Nkhondoyo ndi yowopsa, chifukwa champhongo chilichonse chimagwiritsa ntchito mano, omwe amasandulika mipeni yakuthwa. Aliyense wa iwo amayesa kung'amba khosi kapena mimba ya wotsutsayo. Wogonjetsedwayo amakhala ndi mabala akulu akutuluka magazi.
Wopambana ndi "mphotho" amapanga banja kwakanthawi, idyani limodzi. Mimba ya mkazi imakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zotsatira zake, palibe nkhuku imodzi ingawonekere, koma ingapo. Pakadali pano, palibe chidziwitso chotsimikizika, koma pali zambiri zam'kamwa kuchokera kwaomwe akukhala kumalo a nswala kotero kuti ana atha kukhala ana a 5-6.
Mpaka sabata atabadwa, samawoneka, amabisala m'nkhalango kapena m'nkhalango zowirira. Koma nthawi zambiri mbawala zimayesetsa kuwabereka pansi pa mitengo. Pambuyo masiku 7-8, anawo akuyesera kale kutsatira amayi awo, amayamba kuphunzira kudya osati mkaka wokha, komanso udzu wachinyamata.
Adani achilengedwe a nswala zamadzi
Chithunzi: Madzi am'madzi ochokera ku China
Madzi am'madzi alibe adani ambiri achilengedwe. Ndipo chifukwa nyama iyi imathamanga kwambiri, imasambira bwino ndipo imadziwa momwe ingapezere malo achilengedwe. Ikawona zoopsa, imayesetsa nthawi yomweyo, ngati pali posungira pafupi, kuti ifulumire mwachangu. Pamwamba pamadzi, mbawala zikasambira, makutu ake, mphuno ndi maso ndizomwe zimawoneka. Izi zimamuthandiza kuzindikira komwe kuli ngozi.
Mdani wamkulu wa nyama iyi ndi chiwombankhanga chotchedwa crested. Amamenya osati achinyamata okha, komanso akuluakulu. Sizovuta kuti athane ndi nswala yomwe kulemera kwake sikupitilira 10-13 kg. Nyamayo ilibe njira yodzitetezera, monga chiombankhanga chikuukira kuchokera kumwamba. Ndiye akuyenera kuthawa. Koma mbawala sizikhala m'madzi, kudikirira kuti ngozi ija ithe. Amasambira kapena kusunthira pansi pa dziwe, ngati zingatheke, kupita komwe angathe kubisala.
Tikulankhula za mitengo yazitsamba yomwe imayandikira posungira madzi. Pansi pa korona wawo, adzakhala otetezeka kotheratu. Vuto lina lachilengedwe ku nswala zam'madzi ndi chilala. Koma amalimbana nazo mosavuta, popeza amayesera kupita kutali ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kusambira kupita kumalo ena.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Madzi agwape
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mbawala zam'madzi ndizokhazikika, makamaka ngati tilingalira mitundu yaku China, pali ngozi ina yakutha kwa nyama iyi. Ndipo chifukwa chachilengedwe chimangokhala m'chigawo chimodzi.
Gwape wotere samakonda maulendo ataliatali. Ndipo ngati chifukwa cha chilala kunali koyenera kusamukira kudera lina, ndiye, nyengo yamvula ikayesa kubwerera kumalo awo akale. Kukumana ndi olanda kapena opikisana nawo mdera lomwe likupita, nswala yamadzi imatha kuwonetsa nkhanza. Kapena, m'malo mwake, onetsani maluso abwino oyankhulirana.
Nyama izi sizimangomenya nkhondo, komanso zimalankhulana. Amapanga phokoso lomwe limawoneka ngati likung'ung'udza. Amangokonkha osati nyama zina zokha, komanso anthu. Madzi agwape amadziwika pakati pa abale ake onse ndi chinthu china - moyo wokhala wekha. Nyama izi sizimasonkhana pamodzi, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mantha awo. Chifukwa cha moyo uno, nyamayo imamvetsetseka bwino.
Kuteteza nswala zamadzi
Chithunzi: Gwape Wam'madzi Red Book
Madzi am'madzi amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yosawerengeka mu IUCN Red List. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatetezedwa. Ndikoletsedwa kumusaka. Ngakhale nyamayi imatha kuwononga nthaka yaulimi komwe kumalimidwa njere zosiyanasiyana, siyingaphedwe. Ndipo sizovuta kuchita izi, chifukwa sikuti ndi zamanyazi chabe, komanso ndizosamala kwambiri.
M'banja la agwape nswala zamadzi ili padera. Amadziwika osati kokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, komanso machitidwe ake komanso moyo wake. Tsoka ilo, zochepa zimadziwika za iye. Nthawi zina zomwe amalandila zimakhala zotsutsana. Koma chinthu chimodzi chimadziwika motsimikizika - awa ndi malo okhala ndi zizolowezi zina. Chifukwa cha anthu ochepa omwe amapezeka munyama zakutchire, zidalembedwa mu Red Book.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 22.04.2019
Idasinthidwa: 19.09.2019 at 22:24
