Mbalame yotchedwa Parrot cockatoo Ndi parrot wokongola kwambiri komanso wanzeru. Imasiyananso ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ndi m'kamwa mwake ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyera, yapinki, imvi ndi yakuda. Ma cockatoo am'nyumba nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zomata" chifukwa chochezeka kwambiri komanso kufunikira kokhala pafupi ndi anthu. Kuyang'ana machitidwe ake oseketsa, pafupifupi aliyense wokonda mbalame amaganiza zakuzigula.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Parrot Cockatoo
Cockatoo adadziwika koyamba ngati banja laling'ono la Cacatuinae m'banja la Psittacidae ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe ku England George Robert Gray mu 1840, pomwe Cacatua anali woyamba mwa mtundu womwe watchulidwa. Kafukufuku wamolekyulu akuwonetsa kuti mitundu yoyambirira yomwe idadziwika inali mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ku New Zealand.
Mawu oti "cockatoo" amatanthauza zaka za zana la 17 ndipo amachokera ku Dutch kaktoe, yomwe imachokera ku Malay kakatua. Mitundu yazaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri imaphatikizira kakato, cocoon, ndi crocador, pomwe m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, cocato, sokatura, ndi cockatoo adagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mitundu ya mbalame zakutchire ndizosowa kwambiri kuposa zinkhwe. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chakale chodziwika bwino chodziwika bwino: Mitundu ya Cacatua, yomwe idapezeka koyambirira kwa Miocene (zaka 16-23 miliyoni zapitazo). Ngakhale zidagawika, zotsalazo ndizofanana ndi tambala wocheperako komanso pinki. Mphamvu zakufa kumeneku pazosintha komanso phylogeny ya cockatoo ndizochepa, ngakhale kuti zakale zimalola kuti zibwenzi zazing'ono zisinthe.
Kanema: Parrot cockatoo
Cockatoos ndi ofanana ndi asayansi komanso banja monga ma parrot ena (Psittaciformes ndi Psittacidae, motsatana). Ponseponse, pali mitundu 21 ya cockatoo mbadwa za Oceania. Amapezeka ku Australia, kuphatikiza New Zealand ndi New Guinea, ndipo amapezekanso ku Indonesia ndi ku Solomon Islands.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame yotchedwa parrot cockatoo
Ma Cockatoos ndi ma parrot apakatikati mpaka akulu omanga. Kutalika kumasiyana 30-60 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala magalamu 300-1 200. Komabe, mitundu ya cockatiel ndi yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yopyapyala kuposa ina, kutalika kwake ndi 32 cm (kuphatikiza nthenga zake zazitali zazitali), ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 80 -100 g. Koyenda kosunthika pamutu, komwe ma cockatoo ali nawo, ndiwopatsa chidwi. Imatuluka mbalameyo ikagwera ikatha kuthawa kapena ikasangalala.
Cockatoos amagawana zofananira zambiri ndi zinkhwe zina, kuphatikiza mkamwa wopindika ndi mawonekedwe a zikwangwani ndi zala ziwiri zapakati kutsogolo ndi zala zakunja ziwiri kumbuyo. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mitundu yabuluu yobiriwira komanso yobiriwira yomwe imawoneka mu mbalame zina.
Cockatoos ali ndi miyendo yayifupi, zikhadabo zolimba, komanso chopindika. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo yolimba ngati gawo lachitatu akakwera nthambi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mapiko ataliatali, otambalala, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothawa msanga, amathamanga mpaka 70 km / h. Mamembala amitundu yolira maliro ndi ma cockatoos akulu oyera amakhala ndi mapiko ofupikirapo, ozungulira komanso oyenda mosapumira.
Nthenga za cockatoo ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi ma parrot ena. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi yakuda, imvi ndi yoyera. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi timagulu tating'ono pamitundu yawo: yachikaso, pinki, ndi yofiira (pakatikati kapena mchira). Pinki ndiyofunikanso pamitundu ingapo. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi malo owala mozungulira maso ndi nkhope. Nthenga za amuna ndi akazi ndizofanana m'mitundu yambiri. Komabe, nthenga za mkazi ndizofewa kuposa zamphongo.
Kodi parrot ya cockatoo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chombochi chachikulu
Magawidwe amitundu yambiri ndi ochepa kuposa mitundu ina ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Amapezeka ku Australia, Indonesia ndi Philippines kokha. Mitundu khumi ndi iwiri mwa mitundu 21 imapezeka kuthengo kokha ku Australia, pomwe zisanu ndi ziwiri zimapezeka ku Indonesia, Philippines ndi Solomon Islands. Palibe mitundu ya cockatoo yomwe yapezeka pachilumba cha Borneo, ngakhale idapezeka kuzilumba zapafupi za Pacific, ngakhale zakale zidapezeka ku New Caledonia.
Mitundu itatu imapezeka ku New Guinea ndi Australia. Mitundu ina ili ponseponse, monga pinki, yomwe imapezeka kudera lonse la Australia, pomwe ina ili ndi timizere tating'ono tomwe tatsekedwa kudera laling'ono la kontrakitala, monga cockatoo wakuda waku Western Australia kapena gulu laling'ono la Goffin's cockatoo (Tanimbar corella), lomwe ndi kuzilumba za Tanimbar. Tambala tina tidayambitsidwa mwangozi kumadera ena achilengedwe, monga New Zealand, Singapore ndi Palau, pomwe mitundu iwiri yaku Australia ya Corella yafalikira kumadera ena a kontinentiyo komwe siakubadwira.
Cockatoos amakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango. Mitundu yofala kwambiri, monga pinki ndi cockatiel, imakhazikika m'malo otseguka ndipo imakonda mbewu zaudzu. Ndiwo osuntha kwambiri. Gulu la mbalamezi limadutsa madera akuluakulu, kukafufuza ndi kudyetsa mbewu. Chilala chimatha kukakamiza magulu ochokera kumadera ouma kuti apite kumadera olima.
Mitundu ina, monga tambala wakuda wonyezimira, imapezeka m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha komanso m'nkhalango za m'mapiri. Mbalame za ku Philippines zimakhala m'nkhalango za mangrove. Oimira mtundu womwe amakhala m'nkhalango, monga lamulo, amakhala moyo wokhazikika, popeza chakudya chimakhala chokhazikika komanso chodziwikiratu. Mitundu ina yazolowera bwino malo okhala anthu ndipo imapezeka m'malo olimapo ngakhale m'mizinda yodzaza ndi anthu.
Kodi mbalame yotchedwa cockatoo parrot imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mbalame yoyera yoyera
Cockatoos amadya makamaka zakudya zopangidwa ndi mbewu. Mbewu ndiye gawo lalikulu la zakudya zamtundu uliwonse. Eolophus roseicapilla, Cacatua tenuirostris ndi tambala wina wakuda amadyera makamaka pansi pagulu. Amakonda malo otseguka omwe amawoneka bwino. Mitundu ina imadya m'mitengo. Ma cockatiel akumadzulo ndi amiyendo yayitali amakhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali zokumba ma tubers ndi mizu, ndipo cockatoo wapinki amayenda mozungulira mozungulira Rumex hypogaeus, kuyesera kupotoza gawo la nthaka ndi kuchotsa magawo obisika.
Mitundu yambiri imadyetsa mbewu kuchokera kuma cones kapena mtedza wazomera monga bulugamu, bankia, hakeya naphtha, omwe amapezeka ku Australia kudera louma. Zigoba zawo zolimba sizitha kufikiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyama. Choncho, zinkhwe ndi makoswe makamaka amadya zipatso. Mtedza ndi zipatso zina zimalendewera kumapeto kwa nthambi zowonda zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi kulemera kwa cockatoo, chifukwa chakumwera chakumapiko kumakhotera nthambi ndikudzigwira ndi phazi.
Ngakhale ma cockatoos ndi akatswiri wamba omwe amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, ena amakonda mtundu winawake wa chakudya. Guluku wakuda wonyezimira amakonda mbewa za mitengo ya Allocasuarina, posankha mtundu umodzi, A. verticillata. Imagwira mbeuzo za phazi ndi phazi lake ndikuziphwanya ndi mlomo wake wamphamvu isanachotse mbewuzo ndi lilime.
Mitundu ina imadya tizilombo tambiri, makamaka nthawi yoswana. Zakudya zambiri zamtundu wachikasu zakuda zimakhala ndi tizilombo. Mlomo wake amagwiritsira ntchito kutulutsa mphutsi kuchokera ku mitengo yowola. Nthawi yomwe cockatoo amayenera kudya kuti adye chakudya imadalira nyengo.
Pakati pazambiri, amafunikira maola ochepa patsiku kuti afufuze chakudya, ndipo amakhala tsiku lonse akunyinyirika kapena kukonzekera m'mitengo. Koma m'nyengo yozizira amakhala tsiku lonse akusaka chakudya. Mbalame zimasowa chakudya nthawi yoswana. Cockatoos ali ndi chotupa chachikulu, chomwe chimalola kuti azisunga ndi kugaya chakudya kwakanthawi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame yotchedwa parrot yellow-crested cockatoo
Cockatoos amafunikira masana kuti apeze chakudya. Sindiwo mbalame zoyambirira, koma dikirani kuti dzuwa lifunditse malo awo ogona asanapite kukasaka chakudya. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yocheza kwambiri ndipo imadyetsa komanso kuyenda m'magulu aphokoso. Kutengera kupezeka kwa chakudya, ziweto zimasiyana kukula. Nthawi zakudya zambiri, ziweto zimakhala zochepa ndipo zimakhala pafupifupi mbalame zana, pomwe nthawi yachilala kapena masoka ena, ziweto zimatha kufalikira mpaka mbalame masauzande ambiri.
M'chigawo cha Kimberley, gulu lankhosa zazing'ono 32,000 zimawonedwa. Mitundu yomwe imakhala m'malo otseguka imapanga ziweto zazikulu kuposa mitundu ya m'nkhalango. Mitundu ina imafuna malo okhala pafupi ndi malo akumwa. Mitundu ina imayenda mtunda wautali pakati pa malo ogona ndi odyera.
Cockatoos ali ndi njira zosamba zodziwika bwino:
- kulendewera moyang'anizana ndi mvula;
- kuuluka mvula;
- flutter m'masamba onyowa a mitengo.
Uwu ndiye mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri pazomwe zili kunyumba. Cockatoo amakonda kwambiri anthu omwe amawasamalira. Sali oyenera kuphunzitsa chilankhulo, koma ndi ojambula kwambiri ndipo amawonetsa kumasuka pochita zidule ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana. Amatha kuchita mayendedwe osiyanasiyana, oseketsa. Kusakhutira kumawonetsedwa ndi kukuwa kosasangalatsa. Amabwezera kwambiri wolakwayo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ziwombankhanga za Cockatoo
Ma Cockatoos amapanga mgwirizano wokhala pakati pa maanja omwe atha kukhala zaka zambiri. Amayi amabereka koyamba pakati pa zaka zitatu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo amuna amakula msinkhu atakula. Kuchedwa kutha msinkhu, poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina, kumakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa maluso oweta nyama zazing'ono. Tambala tating'ono timakhala ndi makolo awo mpaka chaka chimodzi. Mitundu yambiri yakhala ikubwerera kumalo awo azisa pazaka zambiri.
Chibwenzi chimakhala chowongoka, makamaka ndi mabanja okhazikika. Mofanana ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zambiri, ma cockatoo amagwiritsa ntchito zisa m'mitengo ya mitengo yomwe sangadzipange okha. Izi zimapangidwa chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa nkhuni kapena kuwonongeka, kusweka kwa nthambi, bowa kapena tizilombo monga chiswe kapena opangira nkhuni.
Maenje a zisa ndizosowa ndipo amakhala mpikisano, onse ndi ena oimira mitunduyo, ndi mitundu ina ndi mitundu ya nyama. Cockatoos amasankha maenje m'mitengo yomwe imakulirapo pang'ono kuposa iwo, chifukwa chake mitundu yazikulu zazikulu imakhazikika m'mabowo olingana ndi kukula kwake.
Ngati ndi kotheka, ma cockatoos amakonda kupanga chisa pamtunda wa 7 kapena 8 mita, pafupi ndi madzi ndi chakudya. Zisazo zimakutidwa ndi timitengo, tchipisi tamatabwa ndi timitengo tokhala ndi masamba. Mazirawo ndi ovunda komanso oyera. Kukula kwawo kumasiyanasiyana 55 mm mpaka 19 mm. Kukula kwa clutch kumasiyanasiyana m'mabanja ena: kuyambira dzira limodzi mpaka asanu ndi atatu. Pafupifupi 20% ya mazira oyikidwa ndi osabala. Mitundu ina ya nyama imatha kukhathamira china choyamba ikafa.
Anapiye amitundu yonse amabadwa ataphimbidwa ndi chikasu pansi, kupatula mbendera ya kanjedza, yomwe olowa m'malo amabadwa ali maliseche. Nthawi yosungunula imadalira kukula kwa cockatoo: oimira mitundu yaying'ono imafungatira ana kwa masiku pafupifupi 20, ndipo cockatoo wakuda amasamira mazira mpaka masiku 29. Mitundu ina imatha kuwuluka pakangotha masabata asanu, ndi ma cockatoos akuluakulu atadutsa milungu 11. Nthawi imeneyi, anapiye okutidwa ndi nthenga ndi kupeza 80-90% ya kulemera kwa akuluakulu.
Adani achilengedwe a zinkhwe za cockatoo
Chithunzi: Mbalame yotchedwa parrot cockatoo
Mazira ndi anapiye ali pachiwopsezo cha adani ambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya abuluzi, kuphatikizapo buluzi woyang'anira, amatha kukwera mitengo ndikuzipeza m'mabowo.
Zowononga zina ndizo:
- mtengo wa kadzidzi pachilumba cha Rasa;
- nsato ya ametusito;
- kuchepa;
- makoswe, kuphatikizapo khoswe wa kalulu wa mapazi oyera ku Cape York;
- carpal possum pachilumba cha kangaroo.
Kuphatikiza apo, Galah (pinki-imvi) ndi ma cockatiel ang'onoang'ono omwe amapikisana nawo malo okhala zisa ndi glossy wakuda cockatoo adalembedwera komwe mitundu yomalizayi idaphedwa. Mkuntho wamphamvu ungathenso kusefukira m'maenje, kumiza ana, komanso kuchita chiswe kumatha kuwononga zisa mkati. Kabawi wamphamba (bakha wamphamba), chiwombankhanga chochepa kwambiri ku Australia ndi chiwombankhanga chodziwika bwino chimadziwika kuti chimaukira mitundu ina ya cockatoo.
Monga ma parrot ena, ma cockatoos amadwala milomo ndi nthenga za circovirus matenda (PBFD). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa nthenga, kupindika kwa milomo ndikuchepetsa chitetezo chonse cha mbalameyo. Makamaka ofala kwambiri mu cockatoos za imvi, ma cockatiel ang'ono ndi mitundu ya pinki. Matendawa amapezeka m'mitundu 14 ya cockatoo.
Ngakhale sizokayikitsa kuti PBFD itha kukhudza kwambiri mbalame zathanzi kuthengo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhala pachiwopsezo kwa anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Monga ma parrot a ku Amazon ndi macaws, cockatoo nthawi zambiri imapanga ma cloillal papillomas. Kulumikizana ndi zotupa zoyipa sikudziwika, monga chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Pink Parrot Cockatoo
Zowopseza zazikuluzikuluzikuluzikulu ndikuwonongeka kwanyumba ndi kugawikana ndi malonda anyama zamtchire. Kusunga anthu pamlingo woyenera zimatengera kupezeka kwa malo okhala zisa mumitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi malo okhala kapena imakhala pazilumba zazing'ono ndipo imakhala ndi zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka.
Conservancy, yomwe ili ndi nkhawa yakuchepa kwa ziweto, yati ana ang'onoang'ono atha kuchita mwina chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo oswana pambuyo poti dera lachilendo lidayambika mzaka zapitazi. Izi zitha kubweretsa ukalamba wa ziweto zakutchire, pomwe ambiri ndi mbalame zoberekera. Izi zithandizira kuchepa kwakanthawi mbalame zakale zitamwalira.
Kugwira mitundu yambiri yogulitsa tsopano ndikoletsedwa, koma malonda akupitilirabe mwalamulo. Mbalamezi amaikidwa m'mabokosi kapena machubu a nsungwi ndipo amanyamula boti kuchokera ku Indonesia ndi Philippines. Sikuti mitundu yachilendo yomwe imapezeka mozemba kuchokera ku Indonesia, komanso ma cockatoo wamba amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku Australia. Pofuna kutonthoza mbalamezo, zimakutidwa ndi masitonkeni a nayiloni ndikukulungidwa ndi mapaipi a PVC, omwe amawaika m'matumba osagwirizana ndi ndege zapadziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero chakufa kwa "maulendo" ngati amenewa chimafika 30%.
Posachedwa, ozembetsa akhala akutumiza kunja mazira a mbalame, omwe savuta kubisalira paulendo wapaulendo. Amakhulupirira kuti malonda a cockatoo amachitika ndi magulu omwe amapangidwanso omwe amagulitsanso mitundu yaku Australia chifukwa cha mitundu yakunja monga macaw.
Cockatoo parrot alonda
Chithunzi: Parrot cockatoo Red Book
Malinga ndi IUCN ndi International Organisation for the Protection of Birds, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya cockatoos imawerengedwa kuti ili pachiwopsezo. Mitundu iwiri - cockatoo waku Philippines + ndi cockatoo wachikasu - amadziwika kuti ali pangozi. Cockatoos amadziwika ngati ziweto ndipo malonda ake amawopseza mitundu ina. Pakati pa 1983 ndi 1990, 66,654 olembetsa a Moluccan cockatoos adachotsedwa ku Indonesia, ndipo chiwerengerochi sichiphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimagwidwa kuti zigulitse kapena kutumiziridwa kunja kosaloledwa.
Kafukufuku wa anthu ku Cockatoo amayesetsa kuwerengera mitundu yotsala ya ma cockatoo kudera lawo lonse kuti apeze kuyerekezera kolondola kochuluka komanso kudziwa zosowa zawo zachilengedwe ndi kasamalidwe. Kutha kuyerekezera msinkhu wa ma cockatoos odwala ndi ovulala kumatha kukupatsirani chidziwitso chofunikira m'mbiri ya ma cockatoos m'mapulogalamu okonzanso ndipo zitha kukhala zothandiza kuzindikira oyenera kubereketsa.
Mbalame yotchedwa Parrot cockatoo, yotetezedwa ndi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna (CITES), yomwe imaletsa kulowetsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhanira zakutchire chifukwa cha zilolezo. Mitundu isanu ya cockatoo (kuphatikiza ma subspecies onse) - Goffin's (Cacatua goffiniana), Filipino (Cacatua haematuropygia), Moluccan (Cacatua moluccensis), yellow-crested (Cacatua sulphurea) ndi cockatoo wakuda amatetezedwa patsamba la CITES I.Mitundu ina yonse yatetezedwa pa mndandanda wazowonjezera wa CITES II.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 19.04.2019
Tsiku losintha: 19.09.2019 nthawi 21:55
