Osasokoneza nkhuni ndi mbewa wamba, chifukwa si mbewa, koma ndi gulu la nyama zoyamwitsa. Mwina ndiye woimira wocheperako m'kalasi. Nkhungu - wowononga khamu la mitundu yonse ya tizilombo. Nyama yaying'ono imakhala ndi mawonekedwe oseketsa kwambiri, chifukwa cha proboscis pamlomo, poyang'ana, mumamwetulira mosaganiza.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Shrew
Wowotchera ndi nyama yoyamwitsa, ndi ya dongosolo la tizilomboto. Ichi ndi chilombo chaching'ono kwambiri cha banja lochenjera. Mwakuwoneka, chopunthira chimafanana kwambiri ndi mbewa wamba, chowoneka bwino, koma chimaperekedwa ndi chotupa chodabwitsa ndi chachilendo pamlomo pake. Banja lochenjera limaphatikizapo mitundu mazana atatu ya nyama zachilendozi, kuphatikiza m'magulu awiri:
- Mitengo (imakhala ndi enamel ya bulauni);
- Zotayira (nyama zokhala ndi enamel yoyera mano).
M'dziko lathu lokha muli mitundu 21 ya zikopa. Anthu adazindikira kale kuti anali ndiukali komanso mwamakani, motero adawatcha "ziwanda zazing'ono". Ngati mungafufuze m'mbiri, ndiye kuti m'zaka za zana lakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri zapitazo, Topsel wasayansi anafotokoza nyamayi ngati yolusa komanso yowopsa, yomwe imaluma kwambiri, ndipo kuluma kulikonse kumatha kupha. Tiyeni tifotokozere mwatsatanetsatane mitundu ina ya zikopa.
Kansalu kakang'ono kwambiri ndi kanyama kakang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 3 mpaka 5. Nyamayo amatchulidwa chifukwa cha mtundu wa enamel wamano, womwe umalepheretsa kukukuta mano. Mtundu wa ubweya wa nyamawo ndiwofiyira.
Chotupa choyera chokhala ndi dzino loyera ndi chokulirapo pang'ono pang'ono kuposa choyambacho, kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 7. Mtundu wa enamel wake wa mano, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ndi woyera. Kukumana ndi nyama iyi ndikosowa kwambiri, mtundu wa malaya amtunduwu wa shrew ndi imvi.
Chinsalu chachikulu chimayimira banja lake lonse, kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndipo mchira wake ndi wa 10. Mtundu wa chovala chake chaubweya ukhoza kukhala wotuwa pang'ono kapena wakuda kwathunthu.
Nsalu wamba (zotsekera madzi) zimakongoletsa pagombe lamadzi amchere. Mbali yapadera ya zikuluzikulu zotere ndi ubweya wamafuta pamiyendo, chifukwa chake ndizosunthika kuyenda m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ubweya wa nyama iyi umakhala wopanda madzi, umakhala wonyezimira, ndipo pamimba pamakhala mawu opepuka. Mwakuwoneka, kansalu kameneka ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi khoswe wamadzi.
Kanema: Zowonongeka
Mbewa zama mbewa zimagwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse masana. Ubweya wawo ndi wofewa komanso wopepuka. Mtundu waubweya wawo umatha kukhala wotuwa, wachikaso, bulauni-bulauni komanso wakuda, thupi limakhala lalitali masentimita 6 mpaka 11, ndipo kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi 23 g.
Zikopa za ku America ndizokwanira poyerekeza ndi abale ena, ali ndi mchira wawufupi komanso miyendo yamphamvu. Nyama izi ndi zakupha ndipo zili ndi ubweya wakuda.
Mitengo ya nkhalango ndi yaying'ono kukula, koma ubweya wawo ndiwosangalatsa, wautali komanso wokongola. Mthunzi wake ndi wotuwa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kosiyanaku sikuposa masentimita 10, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi kwa 3 mpaka 12 g.
Shrew yonyamula zida zaku Uganda ili ndi mafupa omwe ali osiyana ndi kapangidwe kake. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumatha kufikira 15 cm, ndipo chinyama chimalemera magalamu 110. Chovalacho ndi cholimba, koma chakuda, utoto wake ndi wotuwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: chifukwa cha mafupa odabwitsa a zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida zanyama, chinyama chimatha kuthana ndi katundu wambiri mthupi lake, chomwe chimaposa chikwi kuposa kulemera kwake kwa chopunthacho.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Shrew pamalowo
Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya zikuluzikulu, ndipo zonse zili ndi mawonekedwe awo, palinso mawonekedwe owonekera m'banja lanzeru. Pokhudzana ndi thupi, mutu wa nyama ndi wokulirapo, mphuno imakokedwa ndikuwongoleredwa, ndipo mphuno imadutsa mu kachilombo kakang'ono kosunthika.
Mapazi a nyama ndi ofupika, ali ndi zala zisanu. Ubweya wake ndi wandiweyani komanso wowoneka bwino. Kutalika kwa mchira ndikosiyana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ina ndi yayifupi kwambiri, mwa ena ndi yayitali kuposa thupi lonse. Chigaza chili ndi mawonekedwe opapatiza komanso otambalala, omwe amanola pafupi ndi mphuno. Mbali yapadera ya nkhunguyo ndi kukula kwa ubongo wake, ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a kulemera kwa nyama yonse, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ya anthu ndi ma dolphin.
Mwakutero, masaya a masaya samawonedwa pazitsulo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mano kumasiyana kuyambira 26 mpaka 32. Mano okhazikika amalowa m'malo mwa mkaka ngakhale ali mluza, chifukwa chake makanda obadwa kumene amabadwa ndi mano ofiira. Pali zotsogola zazitali kutsogolo, makamaka zapansi. Kuzungulira kutseguka kwa kumatako ndi kumaliseche kuli china chake ngati khungu loyenda. M'mbali mwake munsi mwa mchira muli ziziwalo zomwe zimatulutsa fungo lamtundu winawake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: nsombazi zazimayi zimakhala ndi mawere 6 mpaka 10, ndipo ziberekero zamwamuna zimakhala mkati mwa thupi. Amuna ali ndi kukula kodabwitsa kwa maliseche, omwe kutalika kwake kumafikira makumi asanu ndi awiri pa zana a kutalika kwa thupi lonse.
Shrew ali ndi kugunda kwamtima kwambiri, kupumula kumakhala mpaka kumenyedwa 700 pamphindi, ndipo mwamantha amatha kufikira kugunda kwa 1200. Mwambiri, asayansi awona kuti zolengedwa izi ndizosachita bwino komanso zamanjenje, chifukwa chake zimatha kufa ngakhale ndi phokoso lalikulu.
Kodi khasu limakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Animal shrew
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikopa zafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse, sangapezeke kokha ku Australia, kumadera akutali, New Zealand ndi New Guinea, komanso mbali zina za South America, kumwera kwa mayiko monga Venezuela, Ecuador ndi Colombia.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timatha kusintha moyo wawo m'madera osiyanasiyana:
- M'malo mosabisa;
- M'mapiri (mpaka 4 km kutalika);
- M'zipululu ndi m'chipululu;
- M'nkhalango zam'madera otentha;
- M'madambo.
Nyama iliyonse ili ndi katundu wake, gawo lomwe limayang'anira mwatcheru kuti lisabwerere. Ngati wina walowa kale m'chigawo cha zikuluzikulu, ndiye kuti kulimbana ndi malo osakira kumayambira, zotsatira zake zomwe zitha kupha m'modzi mwa omenyerawo. Akalulu amalowa ndewu osati ndi mtundu wawo wokha, komanso mbewa ndi abuluzi.
Ma burrows amakhala pothawirapo ndi nyumba ya ma shrew, koma iwo eniwo samawakumba kawirikawiri, ndikuyesera kulowa mdzenje la wina yemwe wasiyidwa ndi wina. Ngati akuyenera kukumba malo awoawo, amapanga osaya.
Maenje osapatsa chidwi a mitengo yovunda amatenga chidwi, pomwe amakonzekereranso nyumba zawo. M'mapanga awo, zibangili zimapanga zofunda zofewa komanso zamasamba abwino a masamba a chaka chatha. Titha kunena molimba mtima kuti ma shrews ndi nyama zokhazikika zomwe zimatsatira gawo lina kwakanthawi kochepa.
Kodi shrew amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mouse shrew
Wowotcherayo wakhala akufunafuna chakudya pafupifupi moyo wake wonse, chifukwa amafunikira chakudya chochuluka kuti azisunga kutentha kwa thupi ndikubwezeretsanso ndalama zonse zamagetsi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: masana, oweta amadya chakudya chochuluka, cholemera chomwe chimakhala pafupifupi kawiri kuchuluka kwa nyama yomwe.
Pazakudya zazing'onozi, pali pafupifupi tizilombo tokha. Menyu yocheperako imakhala ndi:
- Slugs;
- Medvedok;
- Nyongolotsi za Leaf;
- Akangaude;
- Nkhono;
- Mbozi;
- Zolemba;
- Mitundu yonse ya mphutsi;
- Ziphuphu;
- Mulole kafadala.
Wowongolayo amathanso kulimbana ndi abuluzi, mbewa zazing'ono, achule. Mitsuko yamadzi mosangalala imadya nsomba zazing'ono ndi amphibiya. Chovuta kwambiri pazinyama zazing'onozi ndi nthawi yachisanu yozizira, pomwe nthaka imaundana ndipo kumakhala kovuta kukumba kena kake pansi pa chisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, nsombazi zimathanso kudya mbewu za zomera zosiyanasiyana, koma zitsanzo zosowa zimakhalapo mpaka masika.
Mphamvu yakumva kununkhiza komanso kukhudza kwabwino kumathandizira nyama kufunafuna chakudya. M'masiku a zikopa palibe magawano pakati pa usiku ndi usana, amagawidwa munthawi zosaka ndi kugona. Kususuka kwa nyama, kumene, kumakhala kochititsa chidwi, koma moyo wawo umadalira, chifukwa kagayidwe kake ka makanda ndi kovuta kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: ma shrew satha nthawi yayitali opanda chakudya, nthawi yotentha amatha kudya popanda maola pafupifupi 10, ndipo nthawi yozizira - okha 3. Pomaliza nthawi ino, nyama imafa ngati siyidyetsedwa. Umu ndi momwe thupi lawo limapangidwira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Garden shrew
Ngakhale masiku ano, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pokhudzana ndi zizolowezi ndi zizolowezi za odziwika. sanawerengedwe mokwanira, chifukwa amakhala makamaka moyo wamadzulo ndipo amakhala matumbo a dziko lapansi pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Amuna ochokera kwa akazi amawoneka mosazindikirika.
Ndi chikhalidwe chawo, nyama izi ndizosungulumwa, iliyonse imakhala ndi malo ake omwe amateteza mosamala kwa alendo. Wochenjera amatha kumenyera nkhanza malo ake ndi olanda, saopa kulimbana ndi mbewa yayikulu ndi buluzi. Mkwiyo wake ndi wamakani komanso wosachedwa kupsa mtima.
Kumbali inayi, chinyama ichi ndi chopanda malire komanso chamanyazi, ndimitsempha ya chowombelera, kusagwirizana, imatha kuchita mantha ngakhale kufa kwamabingu. Kutha kwa nyama izi sikwachilendo, koma pakakhala chakudya chochepa, nkhono imagwera munthawi yochepa, ndipo kutentha kwa thupi lake kumatsika kwambiri pakadali pano.
Zipilala zazifupi, zolembetsedwa ku Canada ndi USA, komanso ma shrew amadzi omwe amakhala mdziko lathu m'mphepete mwa madamu, ndi nyama zapoizoni, kuluma kwawo kumakhala kopweteka ngakhale kwa anthu ndipo kumayambitsa kutupa kwa malo olumidwa, ndipo kwa nyama zing'onozing'ono zambiri kuluma kotereku kumangopha.
Ponena za kutalika kwa moyo wa shrew, ndiwosakhalitsa ndipo ndi pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Zikuwoneka kuti akazi amakhala mwezi umodzi kuposa amuna. Nayi njira yosangalatsa komanso iwiri yakumapazi: mbali imodzi, ali amanjenje komanso amantha, ndipo mbali inayo, ndiwokwiya komanso osadziwika.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Baby shrew
Monga tanenera kale, ma shrew amakonda kukhala okha kumadera akutali. Nyama izi zimaswana kuchokera kamodzi kapena katatu pachaka. Kubala ana kumatenga masabata 2-3. Mwa ana pakhoza kukhala ana kuyambira 4 mpaka 14, omwe amabadwa akhungu komanso opanda tsitsi.
Nkhumba za ana obadwa kumene sizinakule bwino, choncho ana amawoneka opanda mphuno pang'ono. Mu nyengo yabwino nthawi yachilimwe, mayi m'modzi amatha kulera ana pafupifupi makumi anayi, ndipo nyama zina zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nthawi yopeza ana awo mchilimwe chomwecho.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: makolo onsewa amakonzekeretsa chisa cha ana amtsogolo, ngakhale asayansi sanadziwebe ngati ma shrews amakhala amodzi kapena mitala.
Pa zinyalala zofewa zamasamba owuma, ana amakula ndikulimba mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kale pamwezi amapeza ufulu wonse. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe chopunthira ndi ana ake chimayendera limodzi, ndikugwirana mchira wina ndi mano. Kuchokera patali chimakhala ngati sitima yaying'ono, kumene mwana aliyense amakhala ngati ngolo. Ngati, komabe, mwana wamwamuna amatha kutayika, ndiye alengeza izi ndikulira kwake, mayiyo amayimitsa "sitima" ndikuyang'ana zotayika, ndiye kuti kuyenda kwa sitima kumayambiranso.
Tiyenera kutchula kuthekera kwakukulu kwa ma shrews, otchedwa "chodabwitsa cha Denel", amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kukula kwa thupi ndikumayamba kwa nyengo yozizira yophukira, cranium imakhala yosalala. Mu Epulo, kukula kwake kumakulanso. Apa pali mabodza achilendo kwambiri m'moyo wawufupi wa kakang'ono ngati shrew.
Adani achilengedwe a zikopa
Chithunzi: Great shrew
Kukula pang'ono kwa ma shrew kumawapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka ku nyama zambiri zokulirapo. Nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi mbalame zodyera usiku komanso masana. Ma Weasels, ferrets ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zomwe zimadya nyama zimatha kudya shrews. Nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi ankhandwe ndi amphaka ndi agalu wamba.
Nyamazi zimasokoneza timitengo ndi mbewa, koma kutenga nyama zoterezi pakamwa pawo nthawi yomweyo kumangomva kulakwitsa kwawo, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kumakana chakudya chotere. Zonse ndizokhudza fungo la fetus musky lomwe tizilombo timatulutsa, chifukwa cha izi, nyama zolusa zambiri zimadya zikopa monyinyirika komanso pokhapokha ngati palibe njira zina zopezera chakudya.
Mmodzi mwa adani a zikopa ndi munthu amene amawononga nyamazi, powalingalira ngati tizirombo ta m'minda, minda ndi minda yamasamba. Inde, nkhungu imatha kuwononga mizu yazomera zolimidwa pofunafuna tizilombo tina, komanso imapindulitsanso nthaka. Ndi chiboliboli chake, chinyama chake chimamasula nthaka mwaluso, yodzaza ndi mpweya, pomwe chopukutira chikuwononga unyinji wonse wa tizilombo todwala ndi mphutsi zawo.
Mfundo yochititsa chidwi: nsombazi zimawononga tizirombo tambiri ngakhale m'malo omwe mbalame sizingathe kuzipeza.
Tsoka ilo, anthu amawona zovulaza zokha pantchito zanyengo, ngakhale sizili choncho ayi. Mwazina, ma shrew ambiri amafa nthawi yovuta yozizira chifukwa chosowa chakudya, samangokhala nthawi yotentha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nyama yochenjera
Monga zidanenedwa, ma shrew afalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula madera ena, koma boma la anthu ake ndilosokoneza, zimadalira mtundu umodzi kapena wina wa nyama iyi. Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa zikopa zambiri kumakhala kolimba ndipo sikuwopsezedwa, ndipo mitundu ina imawonedwa kuti ili pangozi ndipo yatchulidwa mu Red Book.
Ngati timalankhula za banja lonse la zoweta zonse, ndiye kuti ndi mitundu ina yokha yomwe imadziwika kuti ili pachiwopsezo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina sikuyambitsa nkhawa. Musaiwale kuti pali mitundu pafupifupi mazana atatu ya tizilombo tosangalatsa tomwe timapezeka, chifukwa chake ndi ochulukirapo ndipo amafalikira kumayiko osiyanasiyana, mayiko, zigawo ndi zigawo.
Chitetezo chakhungu
Chithunzi: Shrew Red Book
Lero vuto lomwe lili ndi nkhalango zamnkhalango silabwino kwenikweni, mtundu uwu umawonedwa kuti uli pangozi. Mkodzo wa Eisentraut ndi Rampian murine shrew nawonso ali pachiwopsezo. Mitundu yonseyi yomwe yatchulidwa idalembedwa m'buku lofiira la International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Chiphona chachikulu chimatchulidwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation; imadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosawerengeka kwambiri, yomwe chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri pazaka mazana awiri zapitazi.
Kwenikweni, chifukwa chomwe mitundu ina ya zikuluzikulu imadziwika kuti ili pachiwopsezo ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kulanda malo okhala zinyama pazosowa zaulimi, kukulitsa ntchito yomanga malo okhala anthu. Zonsezi zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa nyama zambiri, kuphatikiza banja lochenjera.
Pamapeto pake, zimangowonjezera kuti moyo wa kakang'ono kakang'ono ndi kofupika, koma kowopsa komanso kosangalatsa. Kupita mwatsatanetsatane, mutha kuphunzira zatsopano komanso zachilendo. Cholakwika chachikulu cha ambiri ndikuchilakwitsa ngati mbewa wamba, koma nsonga si mbewa ngakhale pang'ono, koma nyama yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yosatopa nayo, yomwe imawopseza tizirombo tambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 11.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 16:27
